G.P. BASELLO – The Taste of the Dead – Handout

7/27/2019 G.P. BASELLO The Taste of the Dead Handout

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G.P. BASELLO The Taste of the Dead Handout

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TheTasteoftheDead:FuneraryOfferingsandBanquetinginAncientElam

Gian Pietro BASELLO(Universit di Napoli LOrientale) twitter.com/elamiciRavenna, 2013 March 23 Conference From lam to IranSelected general bibliography

AMIET, Pierre (1966) lam, Auvers-sur-Oise.OEANE: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, Oxford, 1997 (s.v. Chogha Zanbil, Haft Tepe, Susa).POTTS, Daniel T. (1999) The Archaeology of Elam. Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State(Cambridge

World Archaeology), New York.STEVE, Marie-Joseph, Franois VALLAT& Hermann GASCHE (2002) Suse, Supplment au Dictionnaire de la Bible, 78,

pp. 359-511, Paris.

kispuin MesopotamiaBAYLISS, Miranda (1973) The cult of dead kin in Assyria and Babilonia, Iraq, 35, pp. 115-125.BIROT, Maurice (1980) Fragment de ritual de Mari relative au kispum, in B. ALSTER (ed.), Death in Mesopotamia.

Papers read at the XXVIeRencontre assyriologique internationale, pp. 139-150, Copenhagen: Akademisk.COHEN, Andrew C. (2005) Kispum remembrance rituals an ED practice?, in Death rituals. Ideology, and the

development of early Mesopotamian kingship, pp. 106-108.

SKAIST, Aaron (1980) The Ancestor Cult and Succession in Mesopotamia, in B. ALSTER(ed.), Death in Mesopotamia.Papers read at the XXVIeRencontre assyriologique internationale, pp. 123-128, Copenhagen: Akademisk.TSUKIMOTO, Akio (1985) Untersuchungen zur Totenpflege (kispum) im alten Mesopotamien (Alter Orient und Altes

Testament, 216), Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker (see the review by A.R. GEORGE, Bulletin of the School of Orientaland African Studies, 50/3 (1987), pp. 538-539).

Royal burialsNIEHR, Herbert (2006) The Royal Funeral in Ancient Syria. A Comparative View on the Tombs in the Palaces of

Qatna, Kumidi and Ugarit,Journal of North-West Semitic Languages, 32/2, pp. 1-24.PINNOCK, Frances (2007-2008) Le tombe delle regine assire sotto il Palazzo Nord-Ovest di Nimrud, Scienze

dellantichit. Storia archeologia antropologia, 14/1 (= Gilda BARTOLONI& M. Gilda BENEDETTINI (eds.), Sepolti tra ivivi. Buried among the living. Evidenza ed interpretazione di contesti funerari in abitato. Roma, 26-29 Aprile 2006), pp.309-322, Roma.

1. The sack of Susa according to the Annals of AshurbanipalPrisma AVI Borger 1996, p. 55 Luckenbill 1926-1927, 810 GPB70. ki-ma-e LUGALme--nu

ma-ru-u!EGIRmeThe sepulchers of their earlierand later kings,

I sepolcri dei loro re antichi erecenti,

71. la pa-li-u-u AN.R u dXVENme-ia

who did not fear Assur andIshtar, my lords,

che non temettero Assur eIshtar, miei signori,

72. mu-nar-ri-u LUGALmeADme-ia

(and who) had plagued the kings,my fathers,

(e che) turbarono i re, miei avi,

73. ap-pul aq-qur -kal-limd

UTU-i

I destroyed, I devastated, I

exposed to the sun.

ho demolito, devastato (e)

esposto al Sole.74. GR.PAD.DUme--nu al-qa-a

a-na kurAN.RkiTheir bones (members) I carriedoff to Assyria.

Le loro ossa ho portato via inAssiria.

75. e-m-me--nu la a-la-lu e-m-id

I laid restlessness upon theirshades.

Ho fatto s che i loro spiriti nonavessero riposo.

76. ki-is-pi na-aq AME-za-am-me--nu

I deprived them of food-offeringsand libations of water.

Li ho privati di offerte di cibo(kispu) e libagioni di acqua.

kimau: sepolcro, tomba.mar: primo, precedente.(w)ark (EGIR): tardo, successivo.

palu: temere, riverire.naru: D scuotere, far tremare.naplu: cavare, estirpare, demolire.naqru: demolire, radere al suolo, devastare.kullumuD: esporre alla luce, mostrare, rivelare.

amu(UTU): (dio) Sole.

eemtu(GR.PAD.DU): ossaleq: portar via.eemmu: fantasma di una persona morta.allu: stare, dormire.emdu: imporre.naq: versare una libagione.m(A): acqua.

zumm: far mancare, privare.


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LVAREZ-MON, Javier (2009) Ashurbanipals Feast: A View from Elam, Iranica Antiqua, 44, pp. 131-180.BORGER, Rykle (1996) Beitrge zum Inschriftenwerk Assurbanipals. Die Prismenklassen A, B, C = K, D, E, F, G, H, J und T sowie

andere Inschriften, with the collaboration of Andreas FUCHS, Wiesbaden.DENTZER, Jean Marie (1982) Le motif du banquet couch dans le Proche-Orient et le monde grec du 7. au 4. sicle avant J.-C.

(Bibliothque des coles franaises dAthnes et de Rome, 246), Rome: coles franaise de Rome.LUCKENBILL, Daniel David (1926-1927) Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, 1, Historical Records of Assyria from the

Earliest Times to Sargon; 2,Historical Records of Assyria from Sargon to the End(reprint 1989).

2. Stone plaques with banquet scene (Louvre, Sb 41-42)From Susa, acropolis, under the temple of Ninhursag. Dating: 2730-2600 BC ca.

A. Louvre, Sb 41In alabaster, 17 16 cm. Local production following Mesopotamian models (Harper & al. 1992, no. 51 = Amiet1969, no. 130, with bibliography).

Banqueting scene in the upper register; hero hitting a lion which is biting a bull in the lower register.

B. Louvre, Sb 42In alabaster, 11 13 cm. Local production following Mesopotamian models (Amiet 1969, no. 131, withbibliography).

Fragment of a banqueting scene in the upper register; servants and/or drinking companions filling containersfrom a great vase in the lower register.

AMIET, Pierre (1966) lam, Auvers-sur-Oise.HARPER, Prudence O., Joan ARUZ& Franoise TALLON(1992) The Royal City of Susa. Ancient Near Eastern Treasures

in the Louvre, New York (anche in edizione francese rivista da Annie CAUBET: La cit royale de Suse, Paris,1994).

A. B.GPBs editing of the photos in Amiet 1966. Not in scale.

3. Funerary offerings in an Akkadian legal text from Susa

Sukkal-mah period (first half of the 2nd millennium BC).

MDP 23, no. 285 CADBefore his death, he broke the clod of his currentand future (children) and gave (his estate) to hisdaughter Narubti.

CAD P (2005), s.v.panp. 97b

10-14.

ina pani mtiu kirbna a paniu warki ipma anafNarubtimrtiu iddii

Facing death, he broke the clod (from) the

front and the rear (border line?) and gave (hisestate) to his daughter Narubti.

CAD K (1971), p.

403a, s.v. kirbnu1 2b15-16.

balkuma akala ta[nadd]inamtakuma kispa takassi[pa]

While I am still alive you will give me food,when I am dead you will make funeraryofferings (kispu) (for me).

CAD K, p. 426b,s.v. kispub)


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A fronte (delleventualit) della sua (prossima?) morte, egli ha rotto lazolla del prima e dopo (= ha diseredato la sua prole presente e futura*) eha dato (tutti i suoi possedimenti, elencati prima) alla figlia Narubti.Finch sar vivo mi fornirai alimento, quando sar morto farai le offertefunebri (kispu).

* Cos Malul 1988, p. 83, nota 21. GPB preferisce la prole nata prima e dopoNarubti.

MALUL, Meir (1988) Studies in Mesopotamian Legal Symbolism(Alter Orient und Altes

Testament, 221), Kevelaer & Neukirchen-Vluyn.MDP 23 = Vincent SCHEIL (1932) Actes juridiques susiens (Suite : no 166 no 327)

(Mmoires de la Mission Archologique de Perse, 23), Paris.

4. Food for the dead in the funerary tablets from Susa

Akkadian tablets found in the entrance pit of a hypogeal chamber tomb to theEast of the Apadana of Susa. The tablets are dated on palaeographical grounds tothe end of the Sukkal-mah period, i.e. about 1500 BC according to the ultra-lowchronology. The content, quite enigmatic for us, is related to the netherworld. SeeTavernier 2013 for further bibliography.

A. Scheil no. 4; MDP 18, no. 253 (Dossin); Bottro no. 18; Gasche Steve no. 4.Steve Gasche 1996 Steve Gasche 1996 Bottro 1982 GPB

4. e--ru(?) a-u a-al-li im-mar

emporter (?) pour une jarre iltrouvera

te montrer[a(?)] per trovare una giara.

5. i.a i-li-im-me des huiles, de la graisse degrosses sauterelles.

donguents Di tutti i tipi di olio (e) diolio di cavallette

6. li-m[al?]-la pi-ka Quil emplisse ta bouche ! que soit remp[li]e tabouche,

possa riempire la tua bocca!

7. -l li-im-gu-r-ka Que le die texauce ! (et) que mon dieutexauce !

Possa il dio essertifavorevole!

eru: portar via, prendere.allu: un vaso dargilla per birra, olio, grassi o vino.amru: vedere, trovare, essere mostrato, prendersi

cura.au: riguardo a, a causa di, con il durativo al fine

di.

ilimmu: cavalletta.mal: riempire canali, terra, persone, organi umani,

contenitori.

p: bocca.ilu: dio.magru: essere daccordo, favorevole.

B. Scheil no. 7; MDP 18, no. 259 (Dossin); Ebeling no. 3 V; Bottro no. 21; Gasche Steve no. 7.Original exemplar lost, available only in Dossins drawing.

Steve Gasche 1996 Steve Gasche 1996 Bottro 1982 GPB1. ku-r[u(?)-um-ma-tu

]des portions de nourriture ?

la bi[re ??] razioni di cibo ,

2. ma-a-[q-it ] de la bois[son ] la bois[son ??] bevande ,3. is-q ma-zu-tu [] une provision dhuile, de

(bire) presse ont tapurs/librs

una parte dolio, (birra)pressata ,

4. lu-uz-t-bil x [] quon apporte x [] possa portare.5. ma-ak-la UDUE.GUR4(?) li[k-ku-ul?]

(pour) nourriture : mouton,orge pais, quil man[ge!]

Je vais installer Possa mangiare un montone eorzo ben maturo come cibo.

kurummatu: porzione di cibo, razione per uomini, di o animali.kurunnu: birra di qualit.maqtu: bevanda, pozione (medicinale).isqu: parte, porzione.

amnu(): olio, per lo pi di sesamo, raramente doliva; grasso danimale.Cf. maztu: f., (eccessivamente) pressata, generalmente riferito alla birra

economica.zablu: Gt portare, trasportare.

mklu: cibo, pasto, offerta di cibo agli di.immeru(UDU): montone.eu(E): orzo.kabru(GUR4): essere, rendere spesso. In riferimento alle spighe di orzo, indica il pieno rigoglio (CAD K, p. 5, s.v.

kabru1 e). aklu: mangiare.


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BOTTRO, Jean (1982) Les inscriptions cuniformes funraires, in Gherardo GNOLI& Jean-Pierre VERNANT(eds.), Lamort, les morts dans les socits anciennes. Actes du Colloque sur lidologie funraire, Ischia, Cambridge, 1977, pp. 373-406, Cambridge.

GRILLOT-SUSINI, Franoise (2001) Le monde den bas en Susiane, Revue dassyriologie et darchologie orientale, 95, pp.141-148.

STEVE, M.-J. & H. GASCHE (1996) Laccs lau-del, Suse, H. GASCHE & B. HROUDA, eds., Collectanea Orientalia.Histoire, arts de lespace et industrie de la terre. tudes offertes en hommage Agns Spycket(Civilisations du Proche-Orient. Serie I. Archologie et environnement, 3), pp. 329-348, Neuchtel & Paris: Recherches et Publications.

TAVERNIER, Jan (2013) Elamite and Old Iranian Afterlife Concept, in Katrien DE GRAEF& Jan TAVERNIER(eds.), Susaand Elam. Archaeological, Philological, Historical and Geographical Perspectives. Proceedings of the InternationalCongress held at Ghent University, December 14-17, 2009 (Mmoires de la Dlgation en Perse, 58), pp. 471-489,Leiden: Brill.

5. Funerary offerings in the stela of Tepti-Ahar

Stela found at Haft Tappeh (15 km to the South-East of Susa, centre settled in the 15th century BC) in thecourtyard of the Tomb-Temple Complex. At the back of the courtyard there are two vaulted burial chambers (3 5 m ca. each) where 42 skeletons were found. Text and translation according to Reiner 1973.

1-27. Quantities of flour, beer and sheep subdivided according to time periods and feasts, with severalsubtotals.28. (omissis) U.NIGN 42 GUR 4 BN ZI.DA 42 GUR 4

BN bi-il-la-t[u 84+ X UDU.NIT](omissis) in all, 42 GUR 4 seahs of flour, 42 GUR 4 seahsof beer, [84 + x sheep]

29. a-bi i-s-in dki-ir-wa--ir ta-a-ri-i-ti e-ri-iq-[qku-uk-al-la-tu ku-uk-e-ru- i-ri-ba-am-ma]

for the festival of Abu, the feast of Kirwair, Tartu,and the chariot [Kuk-Allatu, Kuk-er, Irbamma,]

30. ma-gu-na-an-nu mat-ta-me-te-en mi-ri-ib-dIM mi-lu-um-ba-ni mN[I?...]

Agunannu, Attameten, Irb-Adad, Ilum-bni [...]

31. i-na-aq-q- ki-is-pa i-ka-as-s-i-pu ma-a-a-ar.D.A [...mku-uk-al-la-tu]

they will sacrifice and will make the funeraryofferings; the guards of the house [... Kuk-Allatu,]

32. mku-uk-e-ru- mi-ri-ba-am-ma ma-gu-na-an-numat-ta-me-te-en mi-ri-[ib-dIM ...]

Kuk-er, Irbamma, Agunannu, Attameten, Irb-[Adad...]

33. in-na-an-di-nu UD 1 SLA a-ka-la UD 1 SLA -ka-a-ra ip-pu [u- ...]

which will be delivered, per day 1 qof bread, per day1 qof beer, the ippuof [Susa ...]

34. ki-is-pa i-ka-as-s-pu ip-pu u- li-i- x [...] they will make the funerary offerings, the ippuof Susa

let take and [...]35. x-x-an-di-lu--ma 5 UD an-na-a -ki-in ku-ul-li-

i a x [...]they will [...] these 5 days the ... [...]

36. [x] il-ki KU is-su--ma UDU.NIT in-na-ak-ki-su x [...]

has taken and called?....; the sheep that will beslaughtered [...]

37. ?5 UD an-na-a ka-di UDU.NIT wa-a-ar-ku- in-na-ak-ki-s[u ...]

and(?) these 5 days together with the later sheep willbe sacrificed [...]

38. u-ku-ul-ta i-na pu-ur-s-ti li-il-q i-i-ru tu-u[-...] let him take the food in a bowl; the meat, .... [...]

Sumerian Akkadian translation = SLA modern (ca.)GUR kurru kor 300 300 lBN stu seah 10 10 l

SLA q liter 1 1 lMALBRAN-LABAT, Florence (1995) Les inscriptions royales de Suse. Briques de lpoque palo-lamite lEmpire no-lamite,

Paris: ditions de la Runion des muses nationaux.MOFIDI-NASRABADI, Behzad (2010) Vorebericht der archologischen Ausgrabungen der Kampagnen 2005-2007 in Haft

Tappeh (Iran), mit Beitrgen von Doris Prechel und Reza Vahidzadeh, Mnster: Agenda.NEGAHBAN, Ezat O. (1991) Excavations at Haft Tepe, Iran, Philadelphia: The University Museum of Archaelogy and

Anthropology.REINER, Erica (1973) Inscription from a Royal Elamite Tomb, Archiv fr Orientforschung, 24, pp. 87-102 & pls. XI-XII,

Berlin & Graz.

6. The funerary (?) banquets of Chogha Zanbil

Inscription attested on 14 votive seals found at Chogha Zanbil; some of them have a banqueting scene (MDP 42,nos. 54-58, 78 and 80). On three seals (among which MDP 42, no. 56), the last line is omitted. Text and translationaccording to Reiner in MDAI 42.

CARTER, Elizabeth (2011) Landscapes of Death in Susiana during the Last Half of the 2nd Millennium B.C., inJavier LVAREZ-MONand Mark B. GARRISON(eds.),Elam and Persia, pp. 45-58, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.


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MDAI40= RomanGHIRSHMAN (1968) Tchoga Zanbil (Dur-Untash), vol. II, Temenos, temples, palais, tombes (Mmoiresde la Dlgation Archologique en Iran, 40), Paris.

MDAI 42 = Edith PORADA (1970) Tchoga Zanbil (Dur-Untash), vol. IV, La glyptique (Mmoires de la DlgationArchologique en Iran, 42), lgendes des cylinders par E. R EINER, Paris.

MOFIDI NASRABADI, Behzad (2007) Archologische Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen in oa Zanbil, Mnster: EditionQuantum.

1. KI DINGIR TI.LA itti ili balu Il est au dieu de (donner) la vie,2. KI 200 KAR itti arri eru il est au roi de sauver3. NI NI APIN(?) KA ... ...

From left: TZ 607 = MDP 42, no. 54 (50 17 mm); TZ 632, MDP 42, no. 55 (46 15 mm),both from the room called Chapel IV along the wall surrounding the ziggurat of Chogha Zanbil;TZ 244 = MDP 42, no. 56 (40 13 mm), from room M.7. The banquet of Izeh, the bowl from the Arjan tomb and the ipat Persepolis

The following evidence is not necessarily related to a funerary context but it is relevant in a discussion ofbanqueting in ancient Elam.

Rock relief of Kul-e Farah (KF IV)Rock relief in the gorge of Kul-e Farah near the city of Izeh (South-Western Iran). In the same gorge there areother rock reliefs, among which KF I is inscribed with a long neo-Elamite inscription, commonly dated to the 7thor 6th century BC, in the name of Hani, an otherwise unknown local chief. In the relief KF IV, dated to the 9th-

8th centuries BC according to varez-Mon, a wide banqueting scene is carved on more registers and adjoiningsurfaces of the rock. At the top of the central section (panel A), a human figure is seated in front of a small tablewith a mouthful of food, probably meat, in hand. He is surrounded by ca. 140 smaller standing human figures inthe same act of eating, except for some musicians.

LVAREZ-MON, Javier (2013) Braids of Glory. Elamite Sculptural Reliefs from the Highlands: Kl-e Farah IV, inKatrien DE GRAEF& Jan TAVERNIER (eds.), Susa and Elam. Archaeological, Philological, Historical and GeographicalPerspectives. Proceedings of the International Congress held at Ghent University, December 14-17, 2009(Mmoires de laDlgation en Perse, 58), pp. 207-248, Leiden: Brill.

DE WAELE, ric (1981) Travaux archologiques ekf-e Salmn et Kl-e Farah prs dIzeh (Mlamr), IranicaAntiqua, 16, pp. 45-61 & pls. 1-4.

MALBRAN-LABAT, Florence (2004) La fte en lam dans le culte royal et les crmonies populaires, in M. MAZOYER,J. PREZ REY, F. MALBRAN-LABAT & R. LEBRUN (eds.), La fte. La rencontre des dieux et des hommes (Collection

Kubaba. Srie Actes, 4), pp. 39-48, Paris.

KF IV in De Waeles drawings (De Waele 1981, figs. 7-8).


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KF IV in lvarez-Mons rectified drawing (lvarez-Mon 2013, fig. 16).The Arjan bowl

Bronze bowl ( 43 cm) found in a hypogeal tomb near the Marun river, in the neighbourhood of the abandonedcity of Arjan, in the area of Behbehan. The bowl is internally decorated by five concentric narrative registers.

Dated to the second half of the 7th century BC or to the first half of the 6th, according to lvarez-Mon itcommemorates the deeds of the dead. In the outer register (Vb), some high-rank persons, seated in front oftables, are drinking from a cup.

Register Vb in the rectified drawing by Vatandust (lvarez-Mon 2010, tav. 64).ALVAREZ-MON, Javier (2004) Imago Mundi: Cosmological and Ideological Aspects of the Arjan Bowl, Iranica

Antiqua, 39, pp. 203-237.LVAREZ-MON, Javier (2010) The Arjan Tomb. At the Crossroads of the Elamite and the Persian Empires(Acta Iranica, 49),Leuven: Peeters.

PF-NN 2259Elamite administrative tablets from the northern fortification wall of Persepolis, internally dated to the 20thregnal year (502-501 BC) of Darius I. Full text and English translation in Henkelman 2008, pp. 387-389.

GPB sperimental transcription Henkelman 20081-2. 14 halmi HALFarnaka-na-maANip-ma ma-k-a

tu?-[...] HALKI+MIN (= Farnaka) ANip huta--taAPatrakata ANITIME[...]

14 (head), in accordance with a sealed document fromParnakka, were consumed at aipfeast, du[...]; Parnakka hasperformed theipfeast (at) Pasargadae (in) the month [...].

29-30.

PAP 4 ME 20 UDU.NITMEma-k-a pel20-umema kur-ma-n HALApaiauda-naHALAurikama ara-ma-n-a pel 20-umema

(Summary): Altogether 420 head of sheep/goats consumed inthe 20th year; allocations from Apayauda, Urikama beingresponsible, in the 20th year.

halmi: sigillo, utilizzato spesso con il significato di documento sigillato ovvero authentication (Cameron,Hinz, Stolper), authorization (Hallock), original document (opposed to a copy) (Henkelman).

-na: suffisso con valore generalmente genitivo.


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Farnaka: antico-iranico *Farnaka-, uno dei pi alti funzionari attestati nelle tavolette di Persepoli. Secondo lalegenda aramaica di uno dei suoi sigilli (PFS 16*, attestato come sigillatura su varie altre tavolette), Parnaka figlio di Arama, probabilmente lo stesso Arama nonno di Dario I secondo la genealogia delliscrizione diBisotun (2). Se cos fosse, Parnaka sarebbe il fratello di Vistaspa, il padre di Dario, e quindi zio paterno dellostesso Dario. In realt Arama era un nome abbastanza comune; si chiama cos anche lalto funzionariopersiano di cui stata ritrovata parte di una corrispondenza in Egitto (; si veda anche lutilemateriale in ). Erodoto menziona tra laltro Artabazo, figlio di

(da Tavernier 2007, pp. 178-179, 4.2.567; ad es. StorieIX 41), posto da Serse alla guida della FrigiaEllespontica (la satrapia di coloro (che sono) presso il mare, amministrata dal centro di Daskyleion).AN: determinativo (classificatore lessicale nella terminologia linguistica) che precede i nomi di divinit e altri

elementi considerati divini o comunque legati al mondo divino, come alcuni nomi di mese o le parole stesseper mese e giorno (Basello 2002, pp. 16-17; Henkelman 2008, p. 552).

ip: una festa legata agli di (Henkelman 2011). Si noti il classificatore AN.-ma: suffisso con valore genericamente locativo.ma-: consumare, mangiare (?).huta-: fare.Patrakata: probabilmente Pasargade.ITI: logogramma per mese.PAP: logogramma per totale.UDU.NIT: ovino.

pel: anno.-umena: suffisso che forma lordinale.kur-ma-n: base allargata in -ma, forse con significato essere in mano, in senso traslato essere responsabile

(Basello 2011, pp. 6ss, 2.3). Il sintagma kurman PN-na largamente attestato anche nelle tavolette elamicheamministrative di tardo periodo neo-elamita da Susa e corrisponde forse allaramaico l-yd in mano aovvero sotto la responsabilit di. Cf. anche elamico kur-pmani in DB el. III:62 (= DB pers. 54): a-ak me-niANu-ra-ma-da kur-pi DI-ni-na-ma ap-pi-in hu-ut-ta Ahuramazda mise (letteralmente: fece) loro (= i paesiribelli) nelle mie mani. Henkelman preferisce tradurre stanziamento/assegnazione di PN lasciando il sensogenerico di responsabilit aara-ma-n-a(si veda pi sotto).

*Aspyauda-: nome iranico, combattendo a cavallo (Tavernier 2007, p. 121, no. 4.2.168).*Auri-kma-: nome iranico, desiderio di Ahura (Tavernier 2007, p. 128, no. 4.2.212).ara-: distribuire, generalmente nel sintagma PN ara-ma-n-a PN distribuente (base allargata in -ma nella

forma interpretata in genere come participio presente o gerundio) ovvero, nellinterpretazione corrente,PN incaricato della distribuzione (Henkelman 2008, p. 19 e p. 128, nota 285).

BASELLO, Gian Pietro (2002) Elam and Babylonia: The Evidence of the Calendars, in Antonio C.D. PANAINO &Giovanni PETTINATO (eds.), Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena (Melammu Symposia, 3), pp. 13-36, Milano:Mimesis & Istituto Italiano per lAfrica e lOriente.

BASELLO, Gian Pietro (2011) Elamite as Administrative Language: From Susa to Persepolis, in Javier LVAREZ-MON& Mark B. GARRISON(eds.), Elam and Persia, pp. 61-88, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, ISBN 978-1-57506-166-5.

HENKELMAN, Wouter F.M. (2003) An Elamite Memorial: The umar of Cambyses and Hystaspes, in WouterHENKELMAN & Amlie KUHRT (eds.), A Persian Perspective. Essays in Memory of Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg(Achaemenid History, 13), pp. 101-172, Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.

HENKELMAN, Wouter F.M. (2008) The Other Gods who are. Studies in Elamite-Iranian Acculturation based on the PersepolisFortification Texts(Achaemenid History, 14), Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.

HENKELMAN, Wouter F.M. (2010) Consumed before the king. The Table of Darius, that of Irdabama andIrtatuna, and that of his satrap, Karki, in Bruno JACOBS& Robert ROLLINGER(eds.), Der Achmenidenhof. Aktendes 2. internationalen Kolloquiums zum Thema Vorderasien im Spannungsfeld klassischer und altorientalischerberlieferungen, Landgut Castelen bei Basel, 23.-25. Mai 2007 (Classica et Orientalia, 2), pp. 667-775, Wiesbaden.

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G.P. BASELLO – The Taste of the Dead – Handout

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