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GPS 4-H EXPLORATIONSUSING THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR WILD-LAND NAVIGATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS, SCIENCE EDUCATION, AND MORE.
Mike Clifford Frog Holler GPS
Senior Extension Agent Emeritus, Virginia TechJan. 2009
February, 2002
May, 2007
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GPS is short forGlobal Positioning System which is
"a network of satellites that continuously transmit codedinformation, which makes it possible to precisely identify
locations on earth by measuring distance from the satellites".
Of course, many users also refer to their hand-held GPS
receivers as "my GPS" ... as in the statement "my GPS'batteries went dead and I got lost!"
GIS is short forGeographic Information System(s). "In the
strictest sense, a GIS is a computer system capable of
assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically
referenced information , i.e. data identified according to their
locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including
operating personnel and the data that go into the system"
( from: http://www.usgs.gov/research/gis/title.html ).
GPS and GIS DEFINITIONS
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SELECTED GPS NAVIGATION TERMS (as used by Garmin)
WAYPOINT: A specific location, entered in a GPS receiver or on a map.
[Also known as a "point", a "marker" (MapTech) or a "landmark" (Magellan)].
TRACK: A path of travel automatically logged in a GPS receiver.
ROUTE: A sequence of waypoints created in a GPS receiver (or on a digital
map). Components of a route include waypoints, distances and directions.
GOTO: Activating direct GPS travel to a destination ('as the crow flies')
BEARING: Direction from your currentlocation to a selected destination.
COURSE: Direction from yourstartinglocation to a selected destination.
HEADING: Direction that you are currently moving.
ETA: Estimated Time of Arrivalat a selected destination (next or final).
ETE: Estimated Time En route at a selected destination (next or final).
EPE: Estimated Position Error- GPS estimate of current position accuracy.
(simply displayed asAccuracy in some units)
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MORE GPS and MAPPING TERMS(that you probably never heard of before)
WAAS: The Wide Area Augmentation System is a Federal Aviation Administration system ofgeostationary satellites (over the equator) and ground stations which provides free differentialcorrection to GPS receiver in range. With a clear view of the southern sky, accuracy improvementto three meters can be expected. Most new GPS receiver models have WAAS capability.
Position Format: In a GPS receiver, this is the selectable coordinategrid system used to identifya position. The default setting in most GPS models ishdddmm.mmm (a.k.a. decimal minutes).Two additional latitude-longitude options arehddd.ddddd (a.k.a. decimal degrees) andhdddmmss.s (a.k.a. decimal seconds). Another commonly used setting isUTM/UPS (seebelow). When you need to switch from one system to another, the receiver automatically handlesthe conversion.
Map Datum: A mathematical model that describes the earths surface, necessary to manage theinherent distortion created when making a flat map from a globular world. In GPS receivers, thedefault datum setting is WGS 84. Others commonly used in the USA are NAD 27 and NAD 83.
When you need to switch datums to match maps or other users, the receiver automatically handlesthe conversion.
UTM: The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate grid system is particularly useful whenusing GPS with paper maps. Connecting the blue tick marks along the margins of USGS 7.5'topographic maps will produce a grid of squares, 1000-meters on a side. When set to UTM, a GPSreceiver displays coordinate precision to one meter within these squares, allowing you to easilypinpoint precise locations on the map. Note that precision exceeds accuracy in this case.
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BASIC INFORMATION
PROVIDED BY GPS RECEIVERS . . .
YOUR CURRENTPOSITIONCOORDINATES (LATITUDE & LONGITUDE, UTM, MGRS, ETC.)ELEVATION (APPROXIMATE)
DIRECTIONTO SPECIFIED WAYPOINTS (MARKERS)(0R BETWEEN WAYPOINTS)
DISTANCETO SPECIFIED WAYPOINTS
(0R BETWEEN WAYPOINTS)
YOURSPEEDOF TRAVEL
YOURDIRECTIONOF TRAVEL
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. . . AND OFTEN MUCH MORE
ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL, ENROUTE
AREA & PERIMETER MEASUREMENT
MAPS base map; loadable topo and street maps
HIGHWAY ROUTES - turn-by-turn directions
POINTS OF INTEREST
CALCULATORS & CALENDARS
DOG TRACKING
TIME OF DAY, SUNRISE/SUNSET
CELESTIAL, SOLUNAR DATA
GPS GAMES ETC.
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SOME GPS APPLICATIONS
MILITARY
MARITIME
AUTOMOTIVE
SURVEYING
AVIATION
AGRICULTURE
FORESTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC SAFETY
EDUCATION
HIKING
HUNTING
NATURE STUDY
FISHING
BOATING
BIKING
SKIING
SNOWMOBILING
GEOCACHING
GOLF !
PROFESSIONAL RECREATIONAL
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Patriotic GPS Art ! An amazing maize maze
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HOW WE UTILIZE GPS IN YOUTH PROGRAMMINGEDUCATIONAL & OPERATIONAL USES
HUNTER EDUCATION
WILDLIFE MAPPING
HIGH ADVENTURE
TRIP PLANNING & SAFETY
SEARCH & RESCUELEADER TRAINING
FISHING & CANOEINGENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
BIG TREE
SEARCHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
AND LOTS MORE !
CAMPS
WETLAND &
WATERSHED
STUDIES
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GPS WORKSHOPS
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VIRGINIA 4-H GPS CURRICULUM(as of Jan. 2009, more under development)
LEVEL A BEGINNER
Getting to Know Your GPS Receiver Marking and Finding GPS Waypoints Communicating with the Satellites GPS Treasure Hunt
LEVEL B INTERMEDIATE
Locating GPS Satellites Collecting Tons of Data with GPS GPS Nature Trail Youth Favorite Places Geocache Hunting
LEVEL C ADVANCED Creating New GPS Waypoints Hosting a Geocache GPS Search & Rescue - Find Bubba!
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National
Educational
Standards:
GeographyScience
Technology
Math
Order Geospatialcurriculum online at: http://www.4-hmall.org/Curriculum.aspx $15
Exploring Spaces, Going Places
New national 4-H
GIS-GPS Curriculum
on CD with web site
support
Experiential
Learning Model
Life Skill
Development
Jury Reviewed
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For example CHESAPEAKE 2000 AGREEMENT
MEANINGFUL WATERSHED EDUCATION EXPERIENCES
Goal:Promote individual stewardship and assist individuals, community-based organizations,
businesses, local governments and schools to undertake initiatives to achieve the goals
and commitments of this agreement.
Objectives:*Beginning with the class of 2005, provide a meaningful Bay or stream outdoor
experience for every school student in the watershed before graduation from high school.
*Provide students and teachers alike with opportunities to directly participate in local
restoration and protection projects, and to support stewardship efforts in school and on
school property.
GPS is a wonderful educational tool that combines
Technology and the Great Outdoors
Wetland Deliniation Area Measurement Site identification
Wildlife Mapping Investigative sampling Forest mapping
Environmental and Historical trails Community mapping ETC.
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An example of a class project:
THE MIDLOTHIAN
ROAD-KILL SURVEY
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Fun and Learning in the Great Outdoors!
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GPS is used in zoological surveys & DGIF collecting permit reports
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NAVIGATION BASICS
1. KNOW YOUR POSITION
2. PLAN YOUR ROUTE
3. STAY ON YOUR ROUTE
4. RECOGNIZE YOUR DESTINATION
GPS, in combination with map and compass, can help
make you a safe and successful wild land navigator.
Use GPS as a research planning & operations tool
and as a safety tool
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from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
The NAVSTAR System
24+ Satellites
6 orbital plates11,000 miles up
12 hour orbit
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from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
THE EARTH: Parallels of Latitude
Meridians of Longitude
GPS can pinpoint your
position anywhere around
the globe
the Alaskan wilderness,the South Pole
ice sheet, the
Amazon jungle, the
Australian Outback, the
plains of Kenya,
or even the wilds of theVirginia backwoods!
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LINE OF SIGHT
ERROR SOURCESMultipath interference
Atmospheric/Ionospheric
Geometric DOP
Clock
Ephemeris
Selective Availability(SA is now turned off)
and
Human Error!from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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HIGH SENSITIVITY ANTENNAS
Most of the newest Garmin GPS units use SiRF chip
technology to attain much greater reception in difficult
situations densely forested areas, mountainous regions,
urban canyons. Many of these models are designated with an
H in their name (for High sensitivity antenna).
FYI: Additional Garmin nomenclature sometimes includes
C for color units; S for sensor (electronic
compass/altimeter/barometer); and x for map storage using
a micro-SD card.
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Selective Availability was the intentional degradation of civilian
code GPS signals for security reasons. Shut off in May, 2000.
Plot of stationaryGPS receiverposition accuracy, before & after SA.Note the differences in scale (metric) of the plotted track logs.
8 hour period immediately after
shutoff of selective availability
5.5 hour period immediately prior
to shutoff of selective availability
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ACCURACY
STANDARD CIVILIAN RECEIVERS(Selective Availability OFF)
HORIZONTAL ACCURACY TO
15 METERS (49.2) OR BETTER
VERTICAL ACCURACY (altitude)
TO 100 METERS (328) OR BETTER
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DIFFERENTIAL GPS (DGPS)
Coast GuardCommercial Ground
& Satellite Based
CorrectionWide Area Augmentation System
(WAAS)
SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE POSITION ACCURACY
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WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM
FAA SPONSORED
GEO-STATIONARY SATELLITES (# 35 for us)FREE ACCESS
ACCURACY TO 3 METERS
INSTALLED ON MOST NEW (2001+) GPS
MODELS
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A SELECTION OF GPS RECEIVERS ...
GARMIN
PRODUCTS Model weusefor
BASIC
GPS
CLASSES
ETREX
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A SELECTION OF GPS RECEIVERSMagellan - Lowrance - TomTom - Cobra ...
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These three Garmin eTrex Models have
AREA MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY
(as do many other Garmin models)
VentureLegend Vista
The models we use during advancedclasses "ETREX +"
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RINO 5 models
RadioIntegrated withNavigation for the Outdoors
GPS - FRS - GMRS
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GPS DOG TRACKING SYSTEM
GARMIN ASTRO
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IPX WATERPROOF STANDARDS
IPX2 Light mist, do not immerse
IPX4 Rain, splashing water, do not immerse.
IPX7* Submerged to 1 meter for 30 minutes.
Electronics are protected if immersed, but battery
compartment may get wet. Be sure batteries and
compartment are dry before using.
*
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Combining GPS with digital mapping software
will simplify these tasks and enhance the results
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Preparing GPS Receivers for Group Activities
1. Initialize the GPS receivers outdoors (turn on and allow time to retrieve satellite
data). This should be done within a few days prior to the class. Receivers that
have not been recently used (especially if stored without batteries) could take
15 minutes or more to lock on to GPS satellites, wasting valuable class time.
2. Check to see that all receivers are set to the same desired position format and
datum. The receiver default settings usually are hdddmm.mmm (degrees and
decimal minutes) and datum WGS 84. Make sure the settings you select match
the maps that you are using.
3. Check to see that all receivers are set to the same desired north orientation (i.e.,
magnetic, true, grid, or user defined).
4. Check to see that all receivers are set to the same desired measurement units
(i.e., statute, metric, nautical).
5. You may wish to reset some or all previously recorded data, includingwaypoints, tracks, and routes.
6. Check the battery level on each unit, replace or recharge as needed.
7. Review and practice the GPS receiver manipulations necessary for the
particular activity that you are about to facilitate.
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MAP DATUMS
WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984 Defaultdatum on most GPS receivers. Most accurate worldwide
datum, but not yet in wide use on USGS topographic maps. NAD27(NAD27CONUS) North American 1927 Older
datum used on most USGS topographic maps.
NAD83 North American Datum 1983 Very
similar to WGS84. Used on newer USGS maps.
and hundreds of others around the world!
When using GPS in conjunction with a map, set the receivers datum to
match that of the map. Failure to do so may result in large position errors.
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COORDINATE SYSTEMSPosition Formats - Grid Systems
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE (ANGULAR)DEGREES-MINUTES-SECONDS (hdddmmss.s)
DECIMAL MINUTES (hdddmm.mmm) GPS default setting
DECIMAL DEGREES (hddd.ddddd)
UTM / UPS (RECTANGULAR, METRIC)UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR
UNIVERSAL POLAR STEREOGRAPHICOTHERS
MILITARY GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM, TOWNSHIP &
RANGE, STATE PLANE COORDINATE, ETC.
Most USGS topographic maps contain both Lat-Long & UTM grid marks along the margins.
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from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
Parallels of Latitude
Meridians of Longitude
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The Universal Transverse Mercator grid covers theconterminous 48 United States comprises 10 zonesfrom Zone 10
on the west coast through Zone 19 in New England.
UTM: A very useful coordinate system when using
GPS with USGS topographic maps
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UTM divides amap into perfect
metric squares.
This makes it
easier to locatepositions and
to measure
distances
on the map.
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LEGEND VENTURE - VISTA
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ENTERING COORDINATES TO CREATE
A NEW WAYPOINT INETREX +
ONMENUPAGE, SELECTMARK.
NAME IT & SELECT SYMBOL (optional) ENTER ELEVATION (optional)
ENTER COORDINATE DATA
SELECT OK AND YOURE DONE
PROJECTING COORDINATES TO CREATE
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PROJECTING COORDINATES TO CREATE
A NEW WAYPOINT INETREX+
ONMENUPAGE SELECT FIND.
SELECT AN EXISTING WAYPOINT AND ENTER
FROM MENU OPTION, SELECTPROJECT.
NAME IT & SELECT SYMBOL (optional)
ENTER DISTANCE
ENTER BEARING
SELECT OKAND YOURE DONE
CREATE A NEW WAYPOINT BY ENTERING A BEARINGAND DISTANCE FROM YOUR CURRENT POSITION OR
ANY EXISTING WAYPOINT
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USING
THE
GARMIN
eTrexBasic Model
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NOTE: the newer eTrex units have a 5th main page - the Trip Computer page.
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ENTERING COORDINATES TO CREATE
A NEW WAYPOINT INETREX
FIND MENU PAGE
SELECT MARK NAME IT & SELECT SYMBOL (optional)
ENTER ELEVATION (optional)
ENTER COORDINATE DATA SELECT OK AND YOURE DONE
PROJECTING COORDINATES TO CREATE
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PROJECTING COORDINATES TO CREATE
A NEW WAYPOINT INETREX
ON MENU PAGE SELECT WAYPOINTS
SELECT AN EXISTING WAYPOINT AND ENTER
SELECT PROJECT AND ENTER
NAME IT & SELECT SYMBOL (optional)
ENTER DISTANCE
ENTER BEARING
SELECT OK AND YOURE DONE
YOU CAN ALSO CREATE A NEW WAYPOINT BY ENTERING A
BEARING AND DISTANCE FROM YOUR CURRENT POSITION OR
AN EXISTING WAYPOINT
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SPEED
TRIP
ODOMETER
TRIP TIME
SUNSET
SUNRISE
LOCATION
ELEVATION
BEARING
HEADING
MAX SPEED
AVERAGE
SPEED
Note: newer units have
additional options on the
Trip Computer page.
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USING GPS RECEIVERS & DIGITAL MAPPING SOFTWARE
AS TOOLS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
AND
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
AREA CALCULATION
PERIMETER MEASUREMENT
CRUISE LINES & PLOTS
OTHER SAMPLING
THE TOOLS The recreational GPS models and mapping
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THE TOOLS The recreational GPS models and mappingsoftware used in this section are affordable, available, and easy to use.
Area and Perimeter Measurements
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Area and Perimeter Measurements
Environmentalstudies often require acreage data on areas to be
sampled or surveyed. Several low-cost GPS models are now
capable of area calculation in the field. Almost all models cancalculate perimeter distance around a tract.
Using the track log generated while traversing the perimeter of
a tract, the receiver measures both enclosed area and perimeterdistance. The results can be displayed in (and instantly converted
among) units of your choice - metric, statute, nautical.
Using the route creation function, a few models can also produce
an area and perimeter estimate by linking major corner/turn
waypoints in a route sequence. This is useful in difficult terrain
where it is not possible to traverse the tract's perimeter.
AREA MEASUREMENT USING GPS RECEIVERS
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These three Garmin eTrex Models have internalarea measurement capability.Linkage to mapping software is not required.
Venture Legend Vista
AREA MEASUREMENT USING GPS RECEIVERS
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SOME OTHER GARMIN PRODUCTS WITH
INTERNAL AREA MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES
RINO series GPS 72 GPS & 12 XL GPS 76 series GPS 60 series
AND MANY MORE NEW GARMIN MODELS
GPS V
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Area Calculaton Comparisons of March II and Garmin eTrex Venture GPS UnitsAn interesting comparison between a $4000 professional unit and a $125 recreational model.
Provided by Dick Starnes, DOF, Nottoway County
Spring, 2002
TRACT I.D. MARCH II ETREX VENTURE MARCH//GARMIN
A. 32.5 acres 32.9 acres -0.4 acres
B. 39.3 39.9 -0.6C. 12.1 12.4 -0.3
D. 20.5 21.7 -1.2
E. 34.7 35.6 -0.9
F. 21.9 22.5 -0.6
G. 6.3 6.9 -0.6
H. 3.6 3.9 -0.3
I. 24.6 25.7 -1.1
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All models
All models
AREA
MEASUREMENT:
ETREX+Venture
Legend
Vista
and new color models
Legend & Vista only
RINO
ALL
MODELS
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AREA MEASUREMENT USING ACCESSORIES
1. On Menu page, enterAccessories
2. Enter Area Calc. (area calculation triangle).
3. Highlight and pressStart(stop will appear).
4. Travel perimeter of the tract, then pressStop.
5. Record and save (as a track) if desired.
6. Clear the track log.
Area and perimeter measurements can be
displayed in in a variety of units.
AREA MEASUREMENT USING GPS TRACK LOG
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AREA MEASUREMENT USING GPS TRACK LOG
(all listed models)
1. From Menu button or page, enter Tracks.
2. Clear the track log - important !
3. Travel perimeter of area being measured.
4. Just before arrival back at starting point,stop andsave track log.
5. Highlight / enter saved track to view area
calculation using appropriate units.
Area measurements can be displayed in in
a variety of units - acres, sq.ft., sq. miles, sq.
meters, hectares, etc. GPS does conversion!
AREA MEASUREMENT USING ROUTE
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AREA MEASUREMENT USING ROUTE
(grayscale Legend & Vista only)
1. On Main Menu page, enterRoute.
2. Enter New(unless using an existing route).
3. Enter a sequence of waypoints
(first and last should
be the same).
4. Name and save the route.
5. Highlight route and selectRoute Area on the options menu.
Area measurement can be displayed in a variety of units.
Perimeter and leg distances can be viewed as selectable fields
Area Calculation using the basic eTrexmodelwith
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g
MapSource and Terrain Navigatormapping software.
Clear the track log.Travel the perimeter of area.
Save the track log.Upload the saved track
from eTrextoMapSource.
Go toMapSource track
properties to view track
length, area enclosed, leg
lengths & elevations, and
elevation profile of the track.
The inexpensive basic yellow eTrex doesnt have all the features of the more
advanced models, but it can still be used in combination with MapSource andTerrain Navigator software to generate acreage estimates and other data.
Random & Linear Sampling
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Random & Linear Sampling
Set your GPS unit and mapping software tothe UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator)
coordinate system. UTM provides a grid system
that can be reduced to one meter squares, each
with its own unique geographic-numerical
address (the UTM coordinate). This lends itself
to random sampling selection techniques.
Selected coordinates are entered into the GPSreceiver, which is then used to locate the
scattered plots in the field.
GPS can also be used in linear sampling (such
as foresters' cruise lines & plots). From any
given waypoint in the GPS receiver, a series of
new waypoints can be "projected" at selected
distances in a desired direction. From any point
on your grid you can findandgo to any points
in your survey area.
SETTING UP CRUISE LINES & PLOTS
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IN THE GPS RECEIVERNote: These instructions fit the Garmin eTrex Venture - Legend - Vista
series, the Garmin Rino series, and can be adapted to some others.
They can be performed in the field or at the office.
1. Markstarting waypoint (from which you will project a string of waypoints
- plot points - at designated distances, generally in a straight line).
2. From the starting waypoint,projectadditional points (see waypoint's menu
option list) by entering the desired bearing & distance. Name each and
save for the next steps.
Note: most GPS receivers will display projection options in only in
hundredths. The following conversion information might be useful:
0.01 miles = 52.80 ft. = 0.799 chains (thus 0.05 miles is 4 chains)0.01 kilometers = 10 meters = 0.497 chains (thus 0.02 km is about 1 chain).
[See http://www.onlineconversion.com/ for more conversion help]
(CONTINUED ON NEXT SLIDE)
SETTING UP CRUISE LINES & PLOTS
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IN THE GPS RECEIVERcontinued
3. To set up the next parallel cruise line,projecta new starting waypoint at a right
angle and at the appropriate distance from the original, and thenprojectfromthis new starting waypoint as described in step #2. Repeat until you have the
survey area covered. Systematic naming of the waypoints (plot points) in each
cruise line is important to eliminate confusion (A1, A2, ... etc.; B1, B2, etc.).
4. View the parallel lines of plot points on your GPS receiver's screen to ensure
that the design of the cruise grid appears correct. Adjust as necessary -
waypoints can be moved: Findwaypoint > view Map > click once on waypoint
> drag with click stick to new position.
5. You are now ready to cruise with your GPS receiver. From the starting
waypoint - or any point on your grid -findandgo to any or all plot points in
your survey area without additional measuring and in any sequence that is
convenient.
(Note: Projecting a waypoint is one of several possible methods.
Others include "measuring distance" and "pan map" on unit's map page)
SETTING UP CRUISE LINES & PLOTS
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SETTING UP CRUISE LINES & PLOTSUSING
MAPTECH TERRAIN NAVIGATOR
and GARMIN MAPSOURCE Software
1. Markstarting waypoint.
2. UseRoute tool to draw cruise lines and plots. Directions and distances
are actively displayed at the bottom of the screen. Right click to create waypoints,
edit names to provide a logical sequence (A1, A2, ...; B1, B2, etc.).3. View the parallel lines of plot points on your computer's screen to
ensure that the design of the cruise grid appears correct. Positions can be
moved/corrected by hand using the waypoint tool.
4. Transfer waypoints (plot points) to GPS receiver.
5. You are now ready to cruise with your GPS receiver. From the starting
waypoint - or any point on your grid -findandgo to any or all plot points
in your survey area without additional measuring and in any sequence
that is convenient.
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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
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AERIAL PHOTO TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
HIGHWAY MAPS
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HIGHWAY MAPS
VIRGINIA ROAD MAP
Latitude-Longitude coordinates & grids
ALEXIS ROAD MAP
UTM & MGRS coordinates & grids
TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: BOTTOM CENTERTOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: BOTTOM CENTER
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O O G N N O: O O C N
TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: BOTTOM LEFTTOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: BOTTOM LEFT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: BOTTOM RIGHTTOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: BOTTOM RIGHT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: TOP LEFTTOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: TOP LEFT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: TOP RIGHTTOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: TOP RIGHT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: TOP RIGHTTOPO MAP MARGIN INFO: TOP RIGHT
CONTOUR LINES
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CONTOUR LINES
CONTOUR LINE EXAMPLES
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A sampling of Topographic Map Symbols
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more Topographic Map Symbols
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Map
SymbolQuiz
# 1
Map Symbol Quiz # 2
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Describe notable terrain feature(s) at each number or set of numbers.
Latitude - Longitude Template
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Latitude Longitude Template
Using a UTM Grid Card
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GPS Receivers andDigital Maps
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WAYPOINTS, TRACKS, and ROUTES can be transferred
between your GPS unit and the mapping software. Data can
be easily organized, analyzed and stored inyour computer.
USING
THESETOOLS
TOGETHER
Garmin MapSource CD's
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Maps & Data for Garmin GPS Receivers
Note: The latest free MapSource update provides a direct link that allows
you to display your waypoints, tracks, and routes directly onto Google
Earth aerial and satellite photos!
See:
http://www.garmin.com/support/download_details.jsp?id=209
DIGITAL MAPPING
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DIGITAL MAPPING
Scanned USGS Topo Maps
Two scales -1:24,000 and 1:100,000
Create / Store / GPS transfer
- Waypoints
- Routes
- Tracks
Distance measurement
Area calculation
DIGITAL MAPS
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DIGITAL MAPS
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USING A
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USING A
MAGNETIC COMPASS
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1995 U.S. DECLINATION & ANNUAL CHANGE
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FOUR COMPASS STYLES ...
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BASEPLATE - MIRROR - LENSATIC - SIGHTING
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FEATURES OF THE
ORIENTEERING STYLE
BASEPLATE COMPASS
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LENSATIC COMPASS
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FromA Comprehensive Guide to Land Navigation with GPSby Noel Hotchkiss
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FromA Comprehensive Guide to Land Navigation with GPSby Noel Hotchkiss
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Compass Only
(Taking a Field Bearing)
1. Select an on-route landmark. Hold compass level and
point theDirection of Travel Arrowat the landmark.
2. Find your heading to the landmark by turning compass
dial until the Naligns with theRedend of the Needle.Read heading at theIndex Line.
3. Keep theNeedle aligned with the N. Sight and move
toward your landmark. Repeat procedure until you
reach your destination.
Another way to describe the process ...
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The Brunton Company
C & H di
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Compass & Heading
1. When given a heading in degrees, turn theDialsothe heading is set at theIndex Line. Hold compass
level with the Direction of Travel Arrow pointing
straight ahead.
2. Turn your body until the Red end of the Needle
is aligned with the N on the Dial.Travel in thisdirection.
3. Pick out a landmark in line with your heading.
Move toward it. Repeat procedure until you reach
your destination.
Compass & Map
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Compass & MapFollowing a Map Bearing:
1. Place compass on map with baseplate edge connecting where
you are (start A) and where you want to go (finish B).
2. Turn the compass Dialuntil the N alignswithMagnetic North (MN) on map.
3. Hold the compass level in front of you with theDirection of
Travel Arrowpointing straight ahead. Turn your body until
theRedend of theNeedle is directly over theRed OrientingArrow. Look up. Find a landmark. Move to it. Repeat until
you reach your destination.
Following a Map Bearing with a north-oriented map
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The Brunton Company
Step 1
Step 2
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The Brunton Company
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The Brunton Company
SELECTED GPS, GIS, & LAND NAVIGATION INTERNET REFERENCES
GPS & GIS Information
Virginia Geospatial Academy http://www.cnr.vt.edu/geoacademy/
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Virginia Geospatial Academy http://www.cnr.vt.edu/geoacademy/
Virginia 4-H NREE Curriculum - GPS/GIS http://www.ext.vt.edu/resources/4h/eenr.html
GPS World Online Magazine http://www.gpsworld.com/
GPS User Magazine http://www.gpsuser.com/index.html
Geocaching - Official GPS Cache Hunt Site http://www.geocaching.com/
GeoCommunity http://www.geocomm.com/
USFS GPS Page http://www.fs.fed.us/database/gps/welcome.htmGPS Information. Net http://gpsinformation.net/
GPS Nuts http://www.gpsnuts.com/
Federal Aviation Administration - GPS http://gps.faa.gov/
GIS for Everyone http://www.esri.com/gisforeveryone/
Map & References (University of Iowa) http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/servers/servers_references.html
GPS Utility http://www.gpsu.co.uk/
GPS Manufacturers
Garmin International http://www.garmin.com/
Magellan Corporation http://www.magellangps.com/
Lowrance Corporation http://www.lowrance.com/outdoor/
Brunton http://www.brunton.com/
Maps & Info on Line
USGS National Mapping Information http://mapping.usgs.gov/
MapQuest http://www.mapquest.com/
MapTech http://www.maptech.com/
TopoZone http://www.topozone.com/
Digital Grove http://www.digitalgrove.net/
Google Earth http://earth.google.com/
Compass companies
Silva http://www.silvausa.com/
Brunton http://www.brunton.com/
Suunto http://www.suunto.com/
On-Line Catalogs
GPS Equipment Vendors Links Page http://www.gpsinformation.net/banners.htm
Amazon http://www.amazon.com
GPS City http://www.gpscity.com/
Adventure GPS http://www.gps4fun.com/
SafeTrac GPS & Electronics http://www.safetracgps.com/
GPS Discount http://www.gpsdiscount.com/
Forestry Suppliers http://www.forestry-suppliers.com/
Cabellas http://www.cabelas.com/
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THE END ?
NOT IF YOU HONE YOUR GPS, MAP, & COMPASS SKILLS
Questions or Suggestions?
C
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Contact:
Mike Clifford
Chair, NREE GPS-GIS Curriculum Committee
Senior Extension Agent Emeritus, Virginia Cooperative Extension - Virginia Tech
Home:
Frog Holler'
11131 Amelia Springs RoadJetersville, VA 23083
Phone: 804.561.5411
Cell: 804.615.5411
[email protected] -or- [email protected]
****************************
Frog Holler' GPS
Gl b l P i i i S i i f d l d h