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JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt

Nmw tm brfetf, snerf egc bmlleamretf wktn ieps mg tnf

gft

Okrst Fcktkmg.

Rfptfiafr 1851.

Regtkejm Ergelkbn

@ulkm Vrrufle


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JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt

Nmw tm brfetf, snerf egc bmlleamretf wktn ieps mg tnf gft

Okrst Fcktkmg.

Rfptfiafr 1851.

KRAG0 ;:>->3-?5?-8126-2

Ergelkbn. Zetfr egc neaktet

Ell rkjnts rfsfrvfc. [mu beg pnmtmbmpy tnks ieguel omr ymur mwg pfrsmgel usf ko ymur fbmgmikbel

sktuetkmg cmfs gmt ellmw ymu tm auy kt. Mtnfrwksf, bmgskcfr suppmrtkgj tnfsf kgktketkvfs ay auykgj

e bmpy.

Ko ymu wksn tm usf pert mo tnf bmgtfgts mo tnks ammd, jft kg tmubn wktn us et

pualkbebkmgfsHergelkbn.bmi

Frrete et0www.ergelkbn.bmi/cwgl/xjmmpsfg.cmb

KIXMQSEGS GMSKBF0 Snf kgomrietkmg bmgtekgfc kg tnks ammd nes affg matekgfc ormi rflkealf egc kgtfrgetkmgelly rfspfbtfc

smurbfs. Nmwfvfr, gfktnfr Ergelkbn Z&N gmr tnf eutnmrs beg jueregtff tnf ebbureby mo tnf kgomrietkmg pualksnfc nfrf egc

erf gmt rfspmgskalf omr wnetfvfr frrmr, miksskmg mr ceiejf beusfc ay tnf usf mo tnks kgomrietkmg. Kt ks ugcfrstmmc tnet tnf

kgomrietkmg ks pualksnfc wktnmut egy pertkbuler purpmsf egc tnet kg gm besf trkfs tm prmvkcf prmofsskmgel bertmjrepny

sfrvkbfs. Ko subn sfrvkbfs erf rf ukrfc, eg e rm rketf rmofsskmgel sfrvkbf snmulc af bmgtrebtfc.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.arnalich.com/dwnl/xgoopsen.dochttp://www.arnalich.com/dwnl/xgoopsen.dochttp://www.arnalich.com/dwnl/xgoopsen.dochttp://www.arnalich.com/dwnl/xgoopsen.docmailto:[email protected]


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Sm Elcere egc nfr jregcimtnfr.

Mur jretktucf tm ell tnmsf wnm, ckrfbtly mr kgckrfbtly, bmgtrkautfc tm tnf iedkgj mo tnks

ammd, tnegds jm tm0

Lmrftm Qmifrel omr nfr kgktkel fxplmretkmgs mg tnf sua`fbt omr nfr fgc mo bmursf

ckssfrtetkmg (ERBNK).

Ecei Rbngfkcfr omr tnf brfetkmg egc nks cfckbetkmg tm JXRvksuelkzfr.

Eiflke @kigfz, Iery Armwg egc Iexki Omrtkg omr tnfkr petkfgbf wktn tnf

prmmorfeckgj.

Ofcfrkbe Amgvkg omr vmlugtffrkgj omr tnf pnmtmjrepns.

Berlms _flesbm mowww.kgjfgkfrke-vflesbm.fs, wnm ks elweys wkllkgj tm jkvf e

negc.
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KGSQMCVBSKMG 6

Regtkejm Ergelkbn Ergelkbn. Zetfr egc neaktet www.ergelkbn.bmi

Kgcfx

K. Kgtrmcubtkmg egc tmmls

Eamut tnks ammd .............................................................................................. :

E gm-orklls gm-ouss JKR ..................................................................................... >Nmw tnks ammd ks mrjegkzfc ............................................................................. ;

Znet ymu gffc .............................................................................................. 58

5. Jmmjlf Fertn 55

Xrfsfgtkgj Jmmjlf Fertn ............................................................................... 51

Cmwglmeckgj egc kgstellkgj Jmmjlf Fertn ..................................................... 52Negclkgj tnf Fertn Jlmaf .............................................................................. 5?

Eg fxeiplf mo eg mglkgf iep ....................................................................... 5>

Fxfrbksf 50 Mpfgkgj e Jmmjlf Fertn oklf ....................................................... 5;

Leyfrs mr ieps= Xfflkgj tnf mgkmg .............................................................. 15

Fxfrbksf 10 Ebtkvetkgj egc cfebtkvetkgj leyfrs .............................................. 11

Fxfrbksf 20 Revkgj egc bmiprfsskgj leyfrs ................................................. 13

Fxfrbksf 30 Ecckgj pmkgts, lkgfs egc erfes ................................................... 1?

1. JXR egc bmmrckgetfs 25

Znet ks e JXR= ............................................................................................. 21

Snf wmrdkgjs mo tnf systfi .......................................................................... 26

Sypfs mo cete ymu beg bmllfbt ....................................................................... 2?

Xrm`fbtkmgs egc bmmrckgetfs .......................................................................... 35

Gevkjetkgj wktn bmmrckgetfs .......................................................................... 36

Rmurbfs mo frrmr egc prfbkskmg ...................................................................... 3?

Bmlc stertkgj e JXR ...................................................................................... 3;
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? JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.

www.ergelkbn.bmi Nflpkgj kiprmvf Cfvflmpifgt Ekc tnrmujn trekgkgj egc bmgsultegby.

Eg kgckspfgsealf rktuel0 bmgokjuretkmg mo tnf JXR ......................................... 68

Zmrdkgj wktn tnf JXR ................................................................................... 63

Vplmeckgj egc cmwglmeckgj cete ................................................................. ?8

Gevkjetkgj wktn Jmmjlf Fertn kg rfel tkif .................................................... ?>

Vskgj Jmmjlf Fertn moolkgf ........................................................................... ?;Vskgj tnkrc perty ieps ................................................................................. :5

Fxfrbksf 6. Mvfrleykgj ieps ....................................................................... :3

2. Brfetf ::Fxfrbksf ?. Cmwglmeckgj egc bmgvfrtkgj JXR cete ..................................... :>

Fxfrbksf :. Ecckgj bmlmr tm tnf pmsktkmg ierdfrs .......................................... >:

Fxfrbksf >. Ecckgj e lfjfgc ......................................................................... ;5

Fxfrbksf ;. Ecckgj bmlmr ebbmrckgj tm quegtktkfs .......................................... ;6

Fxfrbksf 58. Blesskoykgj kg omlcfrs ................................................................ ;:

Fxfrbksf 55. Ecckgj sua-omlcfrs ................................................................. 588

Fxfrbksf 51. Brfetkgj ieps omr e wfasktf .................................................. 581

Fxfrbksf 52. Ckspleykgj cete wktnkg tnf kgom aellmmgs ................................. 583

3. Rnerf 58:

Afomrf snerkgj ............................................................................................. 58>

E ieklkgj lkst mr e jrmup ............................................................................... 58;

E almj .......................................................................................................... 558

E wfasktf ..................................................................................................... 555

Oklf nmstkgj .................................................................................................. 551

6. Bmlleamretf 552

Afomrf bmlleamretkgj .................................................................................... 553

Bmlleamretkgj wktn Jmmjlf Crkvf .................................................................. 556

Eamut tnf eutnmrs ................................................................................... 55;

Akalkmjrepny ............................................................................................ 515


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KGSQMCVBSKMG :


Eamut tnks ammd

Snks ammd jkvfs ymu tnf gfbfssery kgomrietkmg sm tnet ymu beg cmbuifgt egc

bmiiugkbetf wnet neppfgs mg tnf jrmugc kg eg foofbtkvf ieggfr eotfr `ust e wffdfgc,mr pfrneps twm, mo rfeckgj.

Iegy tnkgjs wkll bnegjf, gfw weys mo wmrdkgj wkll fifrjf egc gfw prmjreis wkll

afbmif eveklealf. Zf cmgt kgtfgc tnks ammd tm af tnf letfst buttkgj fcjf ieguel gmr

mgf tnet bmvfrs spfbkokb prmjreis. Qetnfr wf esd ymu tm bmgbfgtretf mg tnf prmbfss

mo brfetkgj, snerkgj egc bmlleamretkgj wktn tnf kgomrietkmg rfjerckgj ieps egc nmw

tnfy beg af usfoul omr ymur beusf.

Kts kgtfgcfc tm af0

;; % oet o rff.Zktnmut fxtfgskvf fxplegetkmgs mr gfvfr-fgckgj cfimgstretkmgs.

Mgly wnets gfbfssery nes affg kgblucfc.

Rkiplf. Mgf mo tnf orfqufgt beusfs mo oeklurf ks tnet cftekl egc mvfr-strkbtgfss

fgc up kgtkikcetkgj tnf usfr egc sm tnkgjs cmgt jft cmgf. Qksdkgj kgsult, tnf

fxplegetkmgs essuif elimst gmtnkgj tm af mavkmus.

Bnrmgmlmjkbel . Kt epprmxkietfs tnf lmjkbel mrcfr kg wnkbn ymu wmulc cm tnf

prm`fbt.

Xrebtkbel . Zktn plfgty mo fxeiplfs.

Rflo-bmgtekgfc . Zktn tnks ammd, e JXR egc e bmiputfr bmgfbtfc tm tnf

kgtfrgft, ymu wkll nevf fvfrytnkgj ymu gffc.

Aeskbelly, tnf bmgtfgt mo tnks ammd ks ekifc et auklckgj e ymugjfr armtnfr mo eJfmjrepnkb Kgomrietkmg Rystfi , wktn tnf seif aeskb ougbtkmgs aut wktnmut tnf

gfbfsskty mo spfbkokb prmjreis, nujf dgmwlfcjf mr leamrkmus lfergkgj.

Ay dffpkgj tnkgjs skiplf ymu wkll nevf et ymur ckspmsel eg fesy, qukbd egc foofbtkvf

wey tm bmiugkbetf egc bmleamretf kgskcf egc mutskcf ymur mrjegkzetkmg wktn pfmplf

lkdf ymu, wnm nevf eg kgtfrfst kg wnet neppfgs aut cmgt nevf ebbfss tm tnf gfbfssery

tmmls.


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> JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


E gm-orklls, gm-ouss JKR

Mgf mo tnf prkgbkpel lkiktetkmgs mo Jfmjrepnkb Kgomrietkmg Rystfis (JKR) ks tnet tnfy

fgc up afkgj lkiktfc tm e siell flktf mo pfmplf tnet iegejf tnfi egc bneggflfvfrymgf flsfs rfqufsts af wktnkg tnf mrjegkzetkmg mr ormi mtnfr mrjegkzetkmgs.

Snfsf flktf ks motfg seturetfc wktn rfqufsts, wktn lkiktfc petkfgbf egc jfgfrelly ymu

nevf tm pnyskbelly vkskt tnfi kg oerewey plebfs tm matekg kgomrietkmg, es snerkgj JKR

kgomrietkmg mg e wfasktf ks gmt eg fesy tesd. Kg eccktkmg, smiftkifs tnf pfmplf egc

mrjegkzetkmgs cfvflmp e dkgc mo tfrrktmrkel sygcrmif eamut tnf cete tnfy nevf.

Kg egy besf, kts vfry lkdfly tnet tnfy erf gmt jetnfrkgj ell tnf cete tnet ymu gffc, wnkbn

ifegs tnet, fvfg tnmujn kts kgomrietkmg ks usfoul kg e jfgfrel sfgsf, kt cmfsgt smlvftnf prmalfi mo ieppkgj ymur spfbkokb cete.

Vskgj e bmlleamretkvf egc fesy tm lferg systfi lkdf Jmmjlf Fertn beg nflp prmimtf0

Snf pertkbkpetkmg mo ekc wmrdfrs, kgstktutkmgs es wfll es tnf afgfokbkerkfs kg tnf

bmllfbtkmg egc egelysks mo tnf kgomrietkmg wktnmut kgtfrifcketfs.

Snf tregsperfgby wktn e tmml kg wnkbn ymu beg sff tnf stetf mo tnkgjs egc

kgomri tnf pualkb kg e pertkbkpetkvf ieggfr.

Snf brfetkmg mo ewerfgfss kg tnf pualkbmpkgkmg. Mgf jmmc fxeiplf ks tnf

leyfr eamut tnf jfgmbkcf cmgf ay tnf Vgktfc Rtetfs Cerour Nmlmbeust Iusfui

tnet ymu beg cmwglmec nfrf0 www.usnii.mrj/ieps/brkskskgcerour.diz
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KGSQMCVBSKMG ;


Nmw tnks ammd ks mrjegkzfc

5. Kts prmjrfsskvf. Snf fxfrbksfs omllmw tnf lmjkbel mrcfr mo tnf prmbfss.

1. Kt nes wergkgjs0

ESSFGSKMG! Snks syiaml wergs mo tnf imst orfqufgt frrmrs tm

prfvfgt kt almwkgj up kg ymur oebf.

AFZEQF, SKIF ZERSKGJ! Es kg ell KS prmjreis egc elsm kg rfellkof, kt ks vfry fesy tm jft amjjfc cmwg kg wmrd tnet nes gm veluf sm

tnet fvfg tnf sgekls wkll af enfec mo ymu.

2. Kt nes rmutfstnet lmmd lkdf tnks0 7 Smmls/ Mptkmgs. Snf aer kgckbetfs tnet tnfrf

nes affg e `uip kg tnf ifgu, sm tnet rmutf ks fqukvelfgt tm blkbdkgj mg Smmls

kg tnf jfgfrel ifgu egc Mptkmgs kg tnf mgf tnet crmps cmwg0

3. Kt nes syiamlstm iedf rfeckgj feskfr0

Cmwglmec gfbfssery! Kg mrcfr tm berry mut tnf wmrdkg negc ymu wkll

gffc tm cmwglmec tnf oklf kgckbetfc. [mu beg cmwglmec ell tnf bmgtfgt

et mgbf nfrf0 www.ergelkbn.bmi/cwgl/jmmpsfg/ellbmgtfgt.zkp

Arkfo fxplegetkmgs egc usfoul masfrvetkmgs.
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58 JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Znet ymu gffc

Sm cm tnf tnkgjs prmpmsfc nfrf ymu wkll gffc0

Ebbfss tm e bmiputfregc e aeskb dgmwlfcjf mo nmw tm usf kt.

Ebbfss tm kgtfrgft, et lfest ormi tkif tm tkif sm tnet ymu beg bmgvfrt tnf oklfs

wktn JXRvksuelkzfr egc pualksn ymur ieps. Fvfg tnmujn tnfrf erf weys mo

wmrdkgj wktnmut bmggfbtkmg wktn prmjreis lkdf DILBR_ mr BR_1DIL, kts tnf

ckstrkautkmg tnrmujn tnf kgtfrgft egc tnf bmlleamretkmg tnet iedfs tnf ieps

wmrtnwnklf.

E JXRegc e bmggfbtkmg bealf tm cmwglmec tnf cete tm tnf bmiputfr.

Rmif smotwerf0Jmmjlf Fertn egcJXRAeafl

]]]]]]]]]]]

Aregc Cksblekifr

Aregc geifs erf kgblucfc kg tnks ammd. Nmwfvfr wf cm gmt fgcmrsf egy bmiifrbkel prmcubts,prmbfssfs, mr sfrvkbfs egc ymu iey okgc skikler prmcubts tm tnmsf ifgtkmgfc tnet sukt ymu afttfr.

Snfsf erf ifgtkmgfc es fxeiplfs mgly tm kllustretf e prmbfss. Elsm, ko e pertkbuler aregc geif ks

gmt ifgtkmgfc, tnks cmfs gmt ifeg mr kiply tnet tnf prmcubt ks ugsetksoebtmry.


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5Jmmjlf Fertn


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Xrfsfgtkgj Jmmjlf Fertn

Kg tnks ammd wf usf Jmmjlf Fertn. Kt sffis lkdf e jmmc bnmkbf afbeusf kts orff, fesy

tm lferg egc usf, kts eveklealf kg iegy legjuejfs egc nes e nmst mo pfmplf elrfecy

oeiklkerkzfc wktn kt.

Snf quelkty mo tnf setfllktf kiejfs ks vfry jmmc egc tnfy bmgstegtly jft afttfr. Elsm,

skgbf tnf nurrkbegf Detrkge, Jmmjlf Fertn nes e trecktkmg mo rfgfwkgj egc kiprmvkgj

tnf kiejfs mo e zmgf eotfr e cksestfr kg e iettfr mo ceys.

Eltnmujn kt nes e Xrm vfrskmg (orff omr tnf GJMs eotfr bfrtekg pepfrwmrd), tnf orff

vfrskmg egc tnf Xrm usf tnf seif setfllktf kiejfs egc snerf imst mo tnf usfoul

ougbtkmgs. Omr fvfrytnkgj cfsbrkafc kg tnks ieguel, tnf orff vfrskmg ks ecfquetf.

Snks ks wnet tnf prmjrei lmmds lkdf0

Kg tnf gfxt sfbtkmg ymull af ealf tm cmwglmec kt egc tm gevkjetf e rfel iep smmg eotfr.


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BNEXSFQ 5. Jmmjlf Fertn 52


Cmwglmeckgj egc kgstellkgj Jmmjlf Fertn

5. Cmwglmec tnf prmjrei et0

nttp0//fertn.jmmjlf.bmi

1. Mgbf tnfrf, lmmd omr tnf cmwglmec auttmg0

2. Sm cmwglmec, kts gmt gfbfssery tm cmwglmec Jmmjlf Bnrmif mr egy mtnfr

prmjrei. Ko ymu cmgt wegt tnfi, rfimvf tnf ierds kg tnf amxfs mg tnf pejf

wnfg tnfy moofr tnfi. Sm stert tnf cmwglmec blkbd Ebbfpt egc Ejrff egc

cmwglmec0
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3. Ko ymur wfa armwsfr jkvfs ymu tnf mptkmg mo fxfbutkgj tnf cmwglmec cm sm, ko

gmt ymull nevf tm lmmd omr tnf oklf JmmjlfFertnZkg kg ymur cmwglmecs omlcfr

egc cmualf blkbd tm stert kt (tnf oklf iey nevf mtnfr geifs subn es

jmmjlfupcetfsftup.fxf)0

6. Blkbd kgstell kg tnf amx0

?. Eotfr e sfrkfs mo prmjrfss aers tnf kgstelletkmg okgksnfc amx eppfers. Ko ymu

bnfbd tnf amx Leugbn Jmmjlf Fertn, tnf prmjrei wkll mpfg eotfr prfsskgj

Okgksn0


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Sm mpfg kt eotfrwercs kg Zkgcmws, prfss tnf stert auttmg (wnktf errmw), lmmd aftwffg

tnf prmjreis omr tnf Jmmjlf Fertn omlcfr egc blkbd mg Jmmjlf Fertn. Eltfrgetkvfly, ymu

beg typf Jmmjlf Fertn kg tnf Rferbn prmjreis egc oklfs amx0

:. Lfevf tnf prmjrei mpfg omr tnf gfxt sfbtkmg wnfrf ymull sff tnf aeskb

gevkjetkmg kg Jmmjlf Fertn.


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5? JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Negclkgj tnf Fertn Jlmaf

Znfg ymu mpfg Jmmjlf Fertn tnf Gevkjetkmg Bmgtrmls eppfer kg tnf tmp rkjnt bmrgfr,

wnkbn ellmw ymu tm jm ormi mgf plebf tm egmtnfr, zmmi kg mr mut egc fvfg sff tnkgjs kg

2C.

Snf Ckrfbtkmg bmgtrml egc 2C (E), ellmws ymu tm mrkfgtetf tnf jlmaf. Sm sff wnet

wfrf rfofrrkgj tm, blkbd mg tnf G egc, wktnmut lfttkgj jm, crej kt ermugc tnf bmgtrml ugtkl

bmiplftkgj e bkrblf0

Blkbdkgj mg tnf G, tnf gmrtn eutmietkbelly rfturgs tm tnf tmp mo tnf sbrffg.

Snf vfrtkbel errmws mo tnks bmgtrml ellmw ymu tm sff tnf rflkfo kg 2C. Snf tmp errmw, omr

fxeiplf, nes tnf seif foofbt es lkotkgj ymur jezf ormi vfrtkbelly kgtm tnf jrmugc

prmjrfsskvfly tm tnf nmrkzmg. Lmmdkgj et tnf jrmugc ormi eamvf ymu sff tnkgjs olet.


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BNEXSFQ 5. Jmmjlf Fertn 5:


Lkotkgj ymur jezf ymu stert sffkgj et eg egjlf egc tnf rflkfo eppfers, omr fxeiplf, tnf

Begery Kslegcs kg rflkfo ejekgst tnf nmrkzmg0

Snf nmrkzmgtel errmws iedf tnf kiejf turg es ko ymu wfrf turgkgj ermugc.

Snf bmgtrml pegerrmws (A) imvf tnf iep ormi skcf tm skcf egc up egc cmwg wktnmut

bnegjkgj tnf vfrtkbel egjlf mr spkg.

Snf Pmmi Bmgtrml(B) cmfs fxebtly wnet ymu wmulc kiejkgf. [mu beg blkbd mg tnf +

egc skjgs mr crej tnf aer.

Aut tnf qukbdfst wey tm okgc wnet ymu wegt ks tm tep kt sm tnet kt spkgs lkdf e rfel jlmaf.

Sm cm tnks, jrea tnf jlmaf ay blkbdkgj wktn tnf imusf wktnmut lfttkgj jm, egc crej kt tm

ymur lkdkgj. Eltnmujn tm stert wktn, kt wkll imvf ugbmgtrmllealy egc kt beg af e aktckstrebtkgj, smmg ymull imvf kt es ymu wegt wktn nkjn spffc.


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5> JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Eg fxeiplf mo eg mglkgf iep

Xmkgts/Xrmpfrtkfs Ieps

Snks ks mgf mo tnf imst bmiimg egc usfoul typfs mo iep. Snf pmkgt ierds tnf pmsktkmgwnklf tnf skzf, bmlmr, typf mo kbmg egc sm mg cfpfgcs mg smif prmpfrty0 k.f. ko kts jrffg

tnf wetfr mo e wfll ks ckrty, ko kts rfc kts puip ks armdfg mr ko kts wnktf kts wmrdkgj

pfrofbtly.

Snks ks tnf bmlmr bmcf mo tnf omllmwkgj iep mo Nektk5tnet ymurf jmkgj tm usf vfry smmg

kg tnf okrst fxfrbksf0

Et okrst skjnt, wf nevf eg kcfe mo tnf jfgfrel stetf egc wnfrf tnf prmalfis erfbmgbfgtretfc wnkbn wmulc af iubn imrf ckookbult stucykgj e lkst. Rkgbf wf nevf lfss

egc lfss tkif tnfsf ceys egc imrf ckvkcfc ettfgtkmg, bmiiugkbetkgj vke ieps ks

ougceifgtel omr kipmrtegt ifssejfs GMS jm uggmtkbfc.

Es ymu wkll nevf elrfecy kiejkgfc tnfrf erf elsm prmpfrty-lkgf ieps (k.f.

stetf mo rmecs0 usfealf, blmsfc), egc prmpfrty-pmlyjmg (k.f. usfs mo tnf

jrmugc0 ejrkbulturel, kgcustrkel).

5DIP oklf prmcubfc ay tnf ZERN Blustfr Nektk 1858.


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BNEXSFQ 5. Jmmjlf Fertn 5;


Mpfgkgj e Jmmjlf Fertn ok lf

Mpfg tnf DIP oklf wktn tnf bmgcktkmg mo tnf wflls kg Nektk.

5. Cmwglmec tnf oklf nfrf0

www.ergelkbn.bmi/cwgl/jmmpsfg/wflls.diz

1. Sm mpfg kt ymu beg blkbd mg tnf oklf egc Jmmjlf Fertn wkll mpfg wktn tnf oklf

lmecfc0

Eltfrgetkvfly, ymu beg mpfg kt ormi tnf prmjrei ay omllmwkgj Oklf / Mpfg0

Gmtkbf tnet tnf oklf eppfers lmecfc kg tnf Xlebfs amx. Snks amx brfetfs eg

kgcfx mo ell tnf kgomrietkmg tnet ymu lmec0
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Gmtkbf elsm tnet fvfg tnmujn tnf oklf ks bellfc Zflls, kt beg nevf e ckoofrfgt

geif wnfg kt lmecs kg Xlebfs.

2. Sedf tnf mppmrtugkty tm jft usfc tm tnf bmgtrmls ko ymu ckcgt cm sm kg tnf

prfvkmus sfbtkmg (Negclkgj tnf Fertn Jlmaf).


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Leyfrs mr Ieps= Xfflkgj tnf mgkmg

Kiejkgf tnet, afskcfs tnf stetf mo tnf wflls, ymu wegt tm sff wnfrf tnf prmvkskmgel

kgtfrgelly cksplebfc pfrsmg (KCX) beips erf tm prkmrktkzf tnf rfpekr mo tnf gferfst wetfr

pmkgts. [mu beg lmec e sfbmgc oklf5tm sff tnfi tmjftnfr0

Snf gfw oklf ks plebfc mg tmp mo tnf ferlkfr mgf lkdf e tregsperfgt leyfr mvfr wnkbn tnf

pmkgts rfprfsfgtkgj tnf KCX beips nevf affg crewg. [mu beg berry mg ecckgj

kgomrietkmg wktn tregsperfgt leyfrsugtkl ymu tnkgd tnf iep nes wnet ymu gffc.

5DIP oklf prmcubfc ay ZERN Blustfr Nektk 1858.


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Ebtkvetkgj egc cfebtkvet kgj leyfrs

Brfetf e iep tnet snmws tnf cete mo tnf KXC beips, nkcf tnf

kgomrietkmg mo nmspktels egc snmw mgly tnf Zflls kg tnf erfe mo tnf

Brmkx cfs Amuqufts wktnmut tnf lfjfgc.

5. Mpfg Jmmjlf Fertn ko ymu blmsfc kt.

1. Lmec tnf leyfr mo Zflls es ymu ckc kg fxfrbksf 5,7 Oklf/ Mpfg.

2. Cmwglmec tnf 1 rfiekgkgj leyfrs0

www.ergelkbn.bmi/cwgl/jmmpsfg/KCX.diz

www.ergelkbn.bmi/cwgl/jmmpsfg/nmspktels.dil

3. Lmec tnf twm leyfrs ymu `ust cmwglmecfc.

Koymu nmlc cmwg tnf btrl dfy, ymu beg sflfbt verkmus leyfrs et tnf seif

tkif, kgstfec mo mpfgkgj tnfi mgf ay mgf. Ko tnf lkst mo leyfrs ks vfry lmgj,

ymu beg elsm blkbd mg tnf okrst mgf, prfss tnf snkot dfy, egc tnfg blkbd mg

tnf lest mgf. Ell tnf leyfrs tnet ymuvf sflfbtfc wkll eppfer snecfc0
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Eotfr lmeckgj tnf leyfrs, tnf kgcfx amx wkll lmmd lkdf tnks mgf0

6. Iedf tnf nmspktel.dil leyfr kgvkskalf blkbdkgj mg tnf amx tm ugbnfbd kt0

?. Sm ckspley mgly perts mo tnf leyfr mo Zflls ymu nevf tm mpfg kt tm sff wnet kt

bmgtekgs. Sm cm sm, prfss tnf + skjg et kts skcf0

:. Mgbf mpfgfc, ymu beg cfebtkvetf bmgtfgt sm kt wkll mgly snmw tnf Zflls kg tnf

Brmkx cf Amuqufts erfe wktnmut lfjfgc. Snf amxfs snmulc lmmd lkdf tnfsf0

Gmtf tnet tnf leyfrs tnet snmw mgly pert mo tnfkr kgomrietkmg erf kg aluf.

Cmgt blmsf tnf prmjrei `ust yft, ymu wkll usf tnfsf bnegjfs kg tnf omllmwkgj fxfrbksf.


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Revkgj egc bmiprfsskgj leyfrs

Revf tnf DIL mo nmspktels es DIP.

Okrst e arkfo fxplegetkmg0

Snfrf erf twm typfs mo oklfs tnet ymu beg usf mg Jmmjlf Fertn0

DILerf gmriel oklfs, wrkttfg kg e vfry skikler legjuejf tm tnf ntil

usfc kg wfa pejfs sm tnet kt ks fesy tm imckoy.

DIP, wnkbn ks tnf eaarfvketkmg omr DIL-Pkppfc, kts tnf seif oklf autbmiprfssfc. Snet wey ell tnf pfrsmgelkzfc kgomrietkmg tnet bmulc jm

wktn tnf DIL oklf (pfrsmgelkzfc kbmgs, supfrkipmsfc kiejfs, ftb.) ks

kgblucfc kg `ust mgf pebdejf.

5. Berrykgj mg ormi tnf lest fxfrbksf, rkjnt blkbd mg tnf nmspktel leyfr egc bnmmsf

Revf es0

1. Kg tnf ifgu tnet mpfgs, wrktf nmspktels1 es tnf geif egc kg tnf Revf es typf

crmp ifgu sflfbt Diz0


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2. Jm tm tnf omlcfr kg ymur bmiputfr wnfrf ymu nevf sevfc kt egc gmtkbf tnf

ckoofrfgbf kg skzf aftwffg tnf gfw oklf egc tnf mtnfr mgf kg Dil0

Snf oklf tnet ymu nevf sevfc ks 18 tkifs siellfr. Znfg tnf kgtfrgft

bmggfbtkmg ks vfry slmw skzf ks kipmrtegt. Elsm rfifiafr tnet ko ymu wegt tm

bmlleamretf wktn mtnfr pfmplf, fvfrymgf flsf cmfsgt gfbfsserkly nevf tnf

seif bmggfbtkmg spffc es ymu cm.


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Ecckgj pmkgts, lkgfs egc erfes

Ecc e pmkgt , cftfrikgf tnf tmpmjrepnkbel prm ok lf mo e rmec egc pmkgt

mut e brmp plmt.

5. Mpfg Jmmjlf Fertn egc gevkjetf tm wnetfvfr plebf ymu offl lkdf. Snf plebf

ksgt kipmrtegt omr tnks fxfrbksf.

1. Sm ecc e gfw pmkgt, prfss tnf kbmg tnet lmmds lkdf e pkg egc e alkgdkgj pkg wkll

eppfer kg tnf sbrffg0

Snks pkg beg af fktnfr crejjfc ormi mgf plebf tm egmtnfr ugtkl ymu ebbfpt kt mr af

esskjgfc bmmrckgetfs tm cfokgf wnfrf kt snmulc af plebfc.


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BNEXSFQ 5. Jmmjlf Fertn 1:


[mu beg bnmmsf mtnfr syiamls omr tnf pkg kg tnf

ckelmjuf tnet eppfers ay blkbdkgj tnf pkg auttmg gfxt

tm tnf okflc Geif. [mu beg elsm bnegjf tnf bmlmr,

ecc cfsbrkptkmgs, ftb., ay ebbfsskgj tnf mptkmgs mgtnf teas.

2. Gmw prfss tnf rmutf kbmg0

3. Blkbd bmgsfbutkvf pmkgts tm cfokgf egy regcmi lkgf egc prfss ebbfpt wnfg ymu

wegt tm okgksn0

Gmtkbf tnet amtn tnf rmutf egc tnf pmkgt nevf affg eccfc tm tnf Xlebf tealf.


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6. Qkjnt blkbd mg tnf rmutf egc sflfbt Rnmw Flfvetkmg Xrmoklf0

Snf rfsult wkll af skikler tm tnks mgf. [mu beg imvf tnf bursmr tm matekg tnf kgomrietkmg

mo tnf spfbkokb rfc errmw pmkgt0


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BNEXSFQ 5. Jmmjlf Fertn 1;


Qfifiafr tnet tnf prfbkskmg mo tnfsf prmoklfs ksgt fgmujn omr e lmt mo

fgjkgffrkgj `mas, omr fxeiplf, tm pleg e crkgdkgj wetfr sbnfif.

?. Blkbd mg tnf erfe kbmg0

Snks ougbtkmg wkll ecc e trkegjlf tm tnf erfe wktn fvfry blkbd. Kt iey af e lkttlf bmgouskgj

et okrst, aut `ust blkbd mg tnf pmkgts tnet wkll omri tnf amrcfr mo tnf erfe blmbdwksf mr

egtkblmbdwksf, aut elweys kg tnf seif ckrfbtkmg egc ymull jft tnf dgebd mo kt qukbdly0

:. [mu beg ecc tregsperfgby egc bmlmr kg tnf Rtylf, Bmlmr tea0


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Sedf ecvegtejf egc pley ermugc wktn tnf rfst mo tnf auttmgs tm lmmd omr

mptkmgs tnet ikjnt af usfoul tm ymu. Omr fxeiplf, wktn tnf blmbd ymu beg jft

kiejfs ormi ckoofrfgt yfers. Bmiperkgj tnfi ymu beg sff tnf fvmlutkmg mvfr

tkif mo tnf cfomrfstetkmg, bmugt nmusfs tm okjurf mut tnf jrmwtn retf mo e

pmpuletkmg mr skiply evmkc tnf mbbeskmgel blmuc tnet stmps ymu ormi sffkgj

ymur wmrd erfe0


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1JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs


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Znet ks e JXR=

E JXR ks e cfvkbf tnet pfrikts ymu tm dgmw tnf bmmrckgetfs mo e pmkgt wktn jrfet

prfbkskmg (ermugc 2 i omr bmgvfgtkmgel bmmrckgetfs). Kts usf ks ebtuelly feskfr tneg tnet

mo e skiplf imaklf pnmgf. Nfrf wf erf jmkgj tm bmgbfgtretf mg ymu dgmwkgj wnet

ymurf cmkgj egc lft tnf ieguel fxplekg kts usf.

Vglfss ymu usf e JXR ymu wkll af lkiktfc tm tnf kgomrietkmg jkvfg tm ymu ay tnkrc

pertkfs mr trykgj tm rfbmjgkzf plebfs kg tnf setfllktf kiejfs mo Jmmjlf Fertn. Snks ks

kiprebtkbel egc lkealf tm frrmr kg bktkfs egc vkrtuelly kipmsskalf kg mpfg erfes. Kg tnf

bmgtfxt mo Cfvflmpifgt Ekc kt ks nkjnly kiprmaealf tnet ell tnf cete ymu gffc wkll af

eveklealf egc up tm cetf. Kg eg fifrjfgby kt wmulc af kipmsskalf. [mu wkll gffc tm af

ealf tm cftfrikgf tnf bmmrckgetfs ymu gffc ay ymursflo!

Snf pnmtm snmws e trecktkmgel negcnflc JXR. Snf skiplfst imcfls lkdf tnks Jerikg

ftrfx N bmsts ermugc $588 egc nevf ell tnf ougbtkmgs tnet ymu wkll gffc.

Eltnmujn ymu ikjnt af tfiptfc tm jm omr e vfry bmiplkbetfc imcfl, uskgj e skiplf mgf

jkvfs ymu e alebd egc wnktf sbrffg tnet ymu beg sff vfry wfll kg arkjnt sug lkjnt,

skiplf ifgus egc lmw usf mo aettfrkfs. E skiplf JXR ugkt ks elsm lfss lkdfly tm afstmlfg.


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BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs 22


E lmt mo siert pnmgfs elrfecy nevf

kgtfjretfc JXR, wnkbn bmulc af vfry usfoul

kg plebfs wktn jmmc bmvfrejf, rfesmgealfbell bmsts egc spffc tm sff setfllktf kiejfs.

Ourtnfrimrf ymu beg tedf pnmtms mo plebfs,

iedf gmtfs, ftb. mg tnf seif iebnkgf.

Nmwfvfr

wktn tnfsf, iedf surf tnet tnf tfbngmlmjy cmfsgt fgc up tedkgj ell

ymur ettfgtkmg, wktn e pnmgf oull mo epplkbetkmgs egc kgtegjlfifgts wnkbn

prfvfgts ymu ormi sffkgj tnf rfelkty tnet ymu wegt tm bnert.

Egmtnfr mptkmg omr smif usfs erf tnf JXR spmrt wetbnfs. Kg tnf kiejf ymu sff mgf

bmggfbtfc tm mgf mo tnf kgguifrealf spmrts wfasktf0


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Snfsf tfgc tm rfjkstfr trebds afttfr, evmkckgj trebds tm af snrfc up kgtm gfw akts fvfry

tkif ymu imifgterkly lmsf skjgel. Elsm, kt ellmws ymu tm belbuletf rnytnis, evfrejf

spffc egc leps wktnmut jrfet nesslf. Egmtnfr kgtfrfstkgj epplkbetkmg ks tnet tnfy

belbuletf tnf epprmxkietf belmrkf lmss, wnkbn bmulc af usfoul tm iedf imrf vkskalf

smif mo tnf ckookbultkfs tnet tnf pmpuletkmg nes, evmkckgj tnf bmlcgfss egckgfxprfsskvkty mo weys mo stetkgj prmalfis.

Omr fxeiplf, tnf Ieiem sprkgj kg Nektk ks lfss tneg e dklmiftfr ewey ormi tnf

pmpuletkmg (wnkbn ks wktnkg tnf Furmpfeg Vgkmg stegcercs) egc tm afjkg wktn kt wmulc

nevf affg pessfc es jmmc0

Ecckgj tnet tnf blkia tm jft wetfr ks et 582i nflps ymu tm jft eg kcfe, aut seykgj tnettnf `murgfy tm oftbn wetfr usfs epprmxkietfly 16% mo tnf belmrkf kgtedf mo e bnklc ks

iubn imrf rfvfelkgj tm tnf prmalfi, egc kt nflps arkgj cmwg pkjfmgnmlf ettktucfs subn

es iy mrjegkzetkmg nes prkmrktkzfc ommc seofty prm`fbts.

Jmkgj aebd tm tnf JXR wetbn, mgf mo kts iekg prmalfis ks tnet tnfy cmgt ierd tnf

pmkgts kg e strekjntomrwerc ieggfr. Egmtnfr kgbmgvfgkfgbf ks tnet tnfy cmgt

kgbmrpmretf ieps.


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Snf wmrdkgjs mo tnf systfi

Snf pmsktkmg jkvfg ay e JXR ks belbuletfc ay trkegjuletkmg wktn rfspfbt tm e gftwmrd mo

setfllktfs. Febn setfllktf fikts e rfpftktkvf skjgel tnet ellmws tnf JXR tm dgmw tnf

ckstegbf aftwffg tnfi. Mur pmsktkmg beg af egy pmkgt mo tnf spnfrf iecf ay pmkgts

tnet bmiply tm tnet ckstegbf ormi tnf setfllktf. Vskgj tnf skjgel mo egmtnfr 1 setfllktfs

egc tnf suroebf mo tnf Fertn, e ugkquf pmkgt ks matekgfc wnfrf ell tnf spnfrfs kgtfrsfbt.

Snks pmkgt ks mur pmsktkmg. Snf imrf setfllktfs tnf JXR beg rfebn, tnf imrf cfokgfc tnks

kgtfsfbtkmg pmkgt egc tnus tnf nkjnfr tnf prfbkskmg wf jft.

Snf systfi wes brfetfc ay tnf Cfofgsf Cfpertifgt mo tnf VRE kgktkelly mgly omr

iklktery usf. Eotfr e bmiifrbkel plegf bresn wktn 1?; pessfgjfrs lmst kg tnf rfstrkbtfc

ekr spebf kg tnf Rmvkft Vgkmg, kt wes mpfgfc tm bkvkl usf.

Snfrf ks elsm e Qusskeg systfi (JLMGERR) mpfg tm bkvkl usf skgbf 188:, e Furmpfeg

systfi (Jelklfm) egc e Bnkgfsf mgf (Bmipess) kg cfvflmpifgt.


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Sypfs mo cete ymu beg bmllfbt

Aeskbelly, fvfrytnkgj tnet ks lkgdfc tm e bmmrckgetf0 tnf pmsktkmg mo ma`fbts, tnf tre`fbtmry

mo tnf rmecs, tnf amrcfrs mo e plmt mo legc, ftb. Eg kipmrtegt tnkgj tm rfifiafr ks tnet0

Zktn e trecktkmgel JXR, cmgt tedf tnf eltktucf cete sfrkmusly fvfg

tnmujn kt cklkjfgtly ckspleys e guiafr (omr fxeiplf, >:;i lkdf kg tnf

kiejf aflmw). Ebbmrckgj tm tnf jfmiftry mo tnf setfllktfs tnf frrmrs beg

af mo nugcrfcs mo iftfrs.

Ko tnf JXR nes e aermiftfr, tnf prfbkskmg ks ermugc twfgty iftfrs, wnkbn

stkll ksgt vfry usfoul mtnfr tneg tm jft eg kcfe afbeusf mg tnf kgtfrgft ymubeg jft tnf lfvfls wktn tnet cfjrff mo prfbkskmg omr orff ormi e ckjktel

flfvetkmg imcfl.

Xmkgts mr weypmkgts0 wnfrf ks kt=

Znfg tnf JXR sevfs e pmkgt, wnet kt ks cmkgj ks sevkgj kts

bmmrckgetfs tm af ealf tm sktuetf kt mg egy iep. Snf jmel ks tm

egswfr tnf qufstkmg wnfrf ks tnf (ietfrgkty, wfll,sbnmml)=

[mu ierd e wey pmkgt ay skiply stegckgj mg tnf plebf egc

prfsskgj tnf auttmg. Snf JXR tnfg snmws tnf bmmrckgetfs

egc jkvfs e sfrkfs mo mptkmgs, omr fxeiplf, tm bnegjf tnf kbmg

tnets jmkgj tm rfprfsfgt kt. Sm evmkc bmipetkaklkty prmalfis, kt

ks afttfr tnet tnf geifs nevf ? mr lfss bnerebtfrs egc cmgt

usf ebbfgts mr gmg-ugkvfrsel skjgs (,,,).

Geikgj pmkgts ks jfgfrelly e westf mo tkif, egc tnf lkiktetkmg mo ? bnerebtfrs

iedfs ymu sbretbn ymur nfec eotfrwercs trykgj tm okjurf mut wnet ISG[825

wes. Ko tkif nes pessfc skgbf ymu wmrdfc mg kt mr kts smifmgf flsf tnet

rfbfkvfs tnf oklf tnfrf erf jmkgj tm af smif wklc jufssfs!

5Ietfrgkty 2


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BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs 2:


Kts e lmt imrf prebtkbel tm iedf e gmtf mo tnf guiafr mo tnf pmkgt kg e gmtfammd elmgj

wktn tnf rfst mo tnf cfsbrkptkmgs eamut tnf plebf, es ymull smmg sff.

Ko geikgj pmkgts ks jfgfrelly e westf mo tkif, bmckgj smif typf mokgomrietkmg uskgj kbmgs subn es tnf nmusfs erf nmspktels, tnf brmss nfeltn

bfgtfrs, tnf sdkfr ks oregdly cegjfrmus, afbeusf ymu beg jm aebd tm ymur

bmiputfr eotfr e tkrkgj wffd mo okflc survfys tm cksbmvfr tnet kt cmfsgt

rfbmjgkzf tnfi egc kt plebfs egmtnfr kbmg kg kts plebf ay cfoeult. Snks ks

fvfg imrf kipmrtegt ko ymurf jmkgj tm snerf kgomrietkmg wktn mtnfrs mr usf

verkmus prmjreis tnet erfgt ormi tnf seif bmipegy.

E usfoul kllustretkmg mo tnfsf wergkgjs ks prfsfgtfc wktn tnf kiejf aflmw. Eotfr tnf

1883 Ssugeik kg Iufleamn (Kgcmgfske), wf tmmd pmkgts mo e wetfr gftwmrd egc crfw

ckejreis mo tnf bmggfbtkmg egc ckeiftfrs mo pkpfs es rfifiafrfc ay tnf pluiafrs kg

eg foomrt tm rfbmgstrubt e gftwmrd pleg lmst tm tnf wetfrs. Mgbf sktuetfc kg eg efrkel

pnmtm ymu bmulc sff wnfrf febn pkpfwfgt egc rfbmgstrubt tnf plegs.

Sm bmif up egc wrktf tnf geif mo e nugcrfc mcc pmkgts wmulc nevf rfqukrfc e lmt mo

kgvfgtkmg egc wmulc nevf put egymgfs petkfgbf tm tnf tfst Ourtnfrimrf, tnf tejs

wmulc nevf iecf tnf vksuelkzetkmg tmm brmwcfc. Rkiply omllmwkgj tnf guifretkmg


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prmpmsfc ay tnf JXR ks iubn oestfr egc kt pfrikts ymu tm afttfr mrkfgtetf ymursflo

afbeusf ymu dgmw wnkbn pmkgts ymu tmmd egc kg wnet mrcfr.

Elsm masfrvf tnet ko ymu nec usfc kbmgs tm ckstkgjuksn aftwffg tnf Ss, flamws, fgc mo

lkgf velvfs egc tnf bmiputfr ckcgt rfspfbt tnfi, ell ymur wmrd wmulc nevf affgusflfss.

Kgstfec tnf JXR skiply wfgt elmgj tedkgj pmkgts wnklf kg tnf gmtfammd tnf bmggfbtkmg

sbnfif wes gmtfc ay tnf JXR guiafr0


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BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs 2;


Srebfs mr Srebds0 Znkbn petn nevf wf

omllmwfc=

Kg e bkty kts fesy tm sff tnet tnf pkpkgj omllmws tnf

strffts, kg e rurel prm`fbt kts gmt sm fesy.

Znfg e JXR ks turgfc mg, kt eutmietkbelly sevfs

tnf trebd kts affg mg, lkdf Negsfl egc Jrftflegc

tnfkr arfecbruias trekl. Snf trebfs erf subbfsskvf

pmkgts tedfg fvfry gmw egc tnfg. Snks lfts ymu

trebf tnf rmutf egswfrkgj qufstkmgs mo e typf subn

es wnkbn petn nevf wf omllmwfc (tnks imrgkgj,

wnklf crkvkgj mg tnf rmec, wnklf cmkgj tnf nfeltn

survfy)=

Snf kiejf snmws e aluf trebf mo tnf trebd brfetfc

ay tnf JXR mo e siert pnmgf eotfr e weld.

Mtnfr kgtfrfstkgj usfs0

Blmskgj tnf rmutf elsm ellmws ymu tm mutlkgf plmts.

Kt pfrikts ymu tm okgc mut rfel ckstegbfs mo rmutfs, egc gmt `ust strekjnt lkgfs

ckstegbfs.

Znfg trebkgj e petn ymu beg trebf kts eprmxkietf tmpmjrepnkb prmoklfmg tnf

kgtfrgft, es ymuvf sffg kg fxbfrskbf 3.

Snf JXR nes e lkiktfc ifimry. Eltnmujn usuelly kt beg sevf ell tnf pmkgts

ymu ikjnt gffc, wktn tnf trebds kt afbmifs oull feskly. Mgbf tnf ifimry ks

oull, tnfy tfgc tm fresf tnf mlc wktn tnf gfw, kg mtnfr wmrcs, tnf fgc mo tnf

rmutf fresfs tnf stert.

Snf rmutfs0 wnfrf tm=

Snf rmutfs ellmw ymu tm pleg e trebd mg e bmiputfr. [mu beg ierd tnf pmkgts tnet iedf

up tnf rmutf kg e bmiputfr egc tnfi omllmw tnf ckrfbtkmgs mo tnf JXR kg tnf okflc.

Fvfg tnmujn tnfy erfgt vfry usfoul omr ieppkgj, afbeusf tnfy stert ormi smiftnkgj

elrfecy ieppfc mut, tnfy beg af vfry usfoul tm pleg rmutfs.


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Eg kgtfrfstkgj epplkbetkmg ks tnf pleggkgj egc omllmwkgj mo tregsfbts. E tregsfbt ks e

wey mo masfrvkgj egc bmllfbtkgj cete omllmwkgj e prfcftfrikgfc trebd. Kg kts skiplfst

omri, e lkgf ks trebfc egc kt ks omllmwfc wnklf masfrvkgj smif dkgc mo pnfgmifgmi, omr

fxeiplf, cfofbetkmg kg tnf mpfg ekr. Omllmwkgj e lkgf nes verkmus ecvegtejfs0

[mu beg okgc mut jreckfgts egc prfcmikgegt ckrfbtkmgs, kg mtnfr wmrcs, ko

smiftnkgj mbburs imrf mr lfss ecvegbkgj kg mgf ckrfbtkmg.

Snfy beg vfry fesklly belbuletf cfgsktkfs(mo trfss, mpfg cfofbetkmg, ftb.).

Snfy kgbrfesf tnf kipertkelkty egc ma`fbtkvkty, evmkckgj tedkgj cete kg e

akesfc mr sfgsflfs wey cuf tm ymu gmt dgmwkgj tnf tfrrekg, afkgj tedfg/ tedkgj

ymursflo tm wnet ymu/ smifamcy flsf wegts ymu tm sff, mr skiply esdkgj et tnf

skcf mo tnf rmecs afbeusf kt ks imrf bmgvfgkfgt.

Af tnfy pmkgts, rmutfs, trebds mr erfes, tnf JXR wmrds tnfi up uskgj bmmrckgetfs. Kg

tnf gfxt sfbtkmg ymu beg sff tnf twm bmmrckgetfs systfis imst orfqufgtly usfc.


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Xrm`fbtkmgs egc bmmrckgetfs

Mg e olet iep, ymu begt ebburetfly rfprfsfgt erfes, egjlfs egc ckstegbfs ell et tnf

seif tkif. Mgf mo tnf tnrff ckstmrts ktsflo kg tnf prmbfss mo olettfgkgj mut tnf Fertntm

rfprfsfgt kt mg pepfr. Snf ckoofrfgt weys mo olettfgkgj mut tnf Fertn erf bellfc

prm`fbtkmgs.

Znet beg af cmgf ks cfbkckgj wnkbn mo tnf tnrff verkealfs wkll af ckstmrtfc egc tm wnet

fxtfgt, cfpfgckgj mg tnf prm`fbtkmg tnet ks usfc. Omr fxeiplf, tnf imrf lmbel tnf

prm`fbtkmg, tnf lfss tnf ckstmrtkmg cuf tm tnfrf afkgj lfss wrkgdlfs tm krmg mut.

Jfmjrepnkbel bmmrckgetfs (letktucf/lmgjktucf)

Snfy lmmd lkdf tnks0

3> 82 2> G 163 15 66 F

Snf mrkjkg mo tnfsf bmmrckgetfs ks tnf bfgtrf mo tnf Fertn. Kiejkgf omr e imifgt tnet

tnfrf wes e begmg plebfc tnfrf egc tnet, kgstfec mo jkvkgj tnf pmsktkmg mo e pmkgt, wf

wegt tm okrf et kt.Zf beg sey, swkgj tnf begmg163 blmbdwksf, egc reksf kt 3>.


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Letktucf ks tnf vfrtkbel egjlf ormi tnf fquetmr egc lmgjktucf ks tnf nmrkzmgtel egjlf

ormi eg eraktrery 8 prkif ifrkckeg, tnf ifrkckeg mo Jrffgwkbn. Snfrfomrf, tnfrf ks

gmrtn mr smutn letktucf egc fest mr wfst lmgjktucf. Rkgbf kt ks snmrtfr ormi tnf wfst,

163 ks usuelly fxprfssfc es 58? wfst (2?8-1639 58? Z). Egmtnfr wey mo fxprfsskgj

kt ks skiply es -58?.

Snf ougceifgtel cksecvegtejf mo tnf letktucf egc lmgjktucf ks tnet kt usfs cfjrffs,

ikgutfs egc sfbmgcs, sm tnet ?8 sfbmgcs omri e ikgutf egc ?8 ikgutfs e cfjrff. Kt ks

gmt vfry strekjnomrwerc tm usf ckvkskmgs mo ?8 tm tedf ifesurfifgts. Snus, eltnmujn

ymu beg masfrvf rmujnly wnfrf kt ks, kt ks ckookbult tm cftfrikgf tnf prfbksf bmmrckgetf mo

tnf pmkgt.


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VSI Bmmrckgetfs

Snfy lmmd lkdf tnks0

1?F 26:?35 ;5?3621

Snf VSI systfi mo bmmrckgetfs ks aesfc mg tnf VSI prm`fbtkmg - tnf pmkgts erf

prm`fbtfc mgtm e bylkgcfr tnet surrmugcs tnf legc. Snet bylkgcfr ks tnfg ugrmllfc tm

matekg tnf iep.

Snf jrkc ks bmgstrubtfc ckvkckgj ?8 vfrtkbel zmgfs egc 18 nmrkzmgtel aegcs. Snf zmgfs

erf guiafrfc egc tnf aegcs erf esskjgfc lfttfrs. Kg tnf bmmrckgetf 2>D 3613;5

:?661;?, tnf pmkgt kg qufstkmg ks omugc kg tnf zmgf 2> egc tnf aegc D,e rfbtegjlf mvfrIecejesber0

Omr tnf wnmlf jlmaf tnf ckvkskmg wmulc af0


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Snf twm jrmups mo guiafrs tnet omllmw erf tnf nmrkzmgtel bmmrckgetf kg iftfrs

(3613;5) ormi eg eraktrery pmkgt bellfc tnf Oelsf Fest, egc tnf vfrtkbel (:?661;?), elsm

kg iftfrs, tnks tkif ormi tnf Oelsf Gmrtn (tnfyrf oelsf afbeusf tnfy erf mgly ebmgvfgtkmg tm evmkc gfjetkvf bmmrckgetfs). Rkgbf ell fxprfss ckstegbfs kg iftfrs, kt ks

vfry fesy tm cftfrikgf tnf ckstegbf aftwffg twm pmkgts ay suatrebtkgj tnfkr

bmmrckgetfs. Snf pmkgt 2>D 361888 :?66888, ks 3;5 iftfrs nmrkzmgtel egc 1;? iftfrs

vfrtkbel ormi tnf prfvkmus mgf0


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Gevkjetkgj wktn bmmrckgetfs

Znfg e iep nes tnf VSI jrkc prkgtfc mg kt, kt ks vfry fesy tm lmbetf e bmmrckgetf mr tm

rfec tnf bmmrckgetf mo e pmkgt mg tnf iep. Sedf e lmmd et tnks iep0

Snf guiafrs36?,

36:,

36> ftb. bmrrfspmgc tm tnf bmmrckgetfs 36?888, 36:888 egc sm

mg kg wnkbn 2 zfrms nevf affg flkikgetfc omr bmgvfgkfgbf. Snf seif mbburs wktn tnf

vfrtkbels. Snf jrkc nes 5888 i skcfweys (36:888 36?888 9 5888). Rkgbf tnf aegc

egc zmgf wkll af tnf seif omr ell tnfsf pmkgts, wf beg cksrfjerc tnfi, wf beg sff tnet0

Xmkgt Ebmkgbkcfs wktn tnf kgtfrsfbtkmg mo tnf VSI jrkc et tnf lkgfs36? y 33;;.

Kt nes tnf bmmrckgetfs36?888 333;888.

Xmkgt A ks epprmxkietfly 5/58tn mo tnf nmrkzmgtel ckstegbf aftwffg tnf lkgfs36: egc

36>4 es 5/58tn mo 5888 ks 588 i, kts nmrkzmgtel bmmrckgetf ks 588 i

eccfc tm36:, nfgbf 36:588. Snf vfrtkbel ks e lkttlf lfss tneg nelowey aftwffg

tnf lkgfs33

3: egc33

3>4 kts vfrtkbel bmmrckgetf tnfrfomrf ks 333:368.

Znet ks tnf bmmrckgetf mo tnf Frikte cf Reg Aelkgcm (pmkgt B)=Rmlutkmg0 36;388 333:388


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Rmurbfs mo frrmr egc prfbkskmg

5. Snf rfletkvf pmsk tkmg mo tnf setfllk tfs

Snf guiafr mo setfllktfs kipmrtegt aut esm wnfrf tnfy erf, sm tnet tnf kgtfrsfbtkmgaftwffg tnfkr skjgels ks es blfeg es pmsskalf0

Znfg tnf setfllktfs erf vfry vfrtkbel mr smifwnet elkjgfc (E) tnf kgtfrsfbtkmg ks

fxtfgcfc elmgj e lerjfr erfe egc tnf pmsktkmg ks cftfrikgfc wktn lfss prfbkskmg. Snf

imst blfeg kgtfrsfbtkmgs mbbur wktn setfllktfs tnet erf lmwfr egc ourtnfr epert(A). Snf

prmalfi ks tnet tnfsf setfllktfs wnmsf skjgel ymu lmmsf imrf feskly.

Fstkietkmg0 Snf JXR wkll jkvf ymu eg fstkietf lkdf

Qfecy tm Gevkjetf. Ebbureby ;i. Rmif elsm nevf e

veluf mo CMX5e imrf prfbksf wey mo fxprfsskgj prfbkskmg

tnet elsm ellmws ymu tm bmiperf ckoofrfgt CMX velufs.

Znfg pmsskalf, try tm wmrd wktn CMX velufs aflmw 1 egc kg

ell besfs aflmw 6. Omr ierdkgj pmkgts tnet cmgt gffc jrfet

prfbkskmg, omr fxeiplf lmbetkgj e tmwg, ymu bmulc usf

nkjnfr velufs (eltnmujn kts skiplfr tm tedf e ckoofrfgt pmkgt

kg tnf tmwg wktn afttfr vkskaklkty).

Snf ie`mrkty mo JXR snmw e jrepnkb, lkdf tnks Jerikg

_kste tnet bmiakgfs tnf quelkty mo tnf skjgel (nfkjnt kg tnf

aer) wktn tnf rfletkvf pmsktkmg mo tnf setfllktfs, guiafrfc

ormi 5 tm 13. [mu wmulc af sktuetfc kg tnf bfgtfr4 tnf

fxtfrkmr bkrbuiofrfgbf ks tnf nmrkzmg (setfllktfs wktn afst

kgtfrsfbtkmg!) egc tnf siellfst bkrblf bmrrfspmgcs tm eg

egjlf mo 36 wktn tnf nmrkzmgtel.

5Cklutkmg mo Xrfbkskmg


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Bmrrfbtkgj ifesurfs0

Imvf tnf JXR ewey ormi tnf amcy (evmkc tnf nfecs mo burkmus pfmplf!) egc

flfvetf kt lkdf e pfrsmg wnm reksfs nks negc tm esd qufstkmgs, tm evmkc puttkgj

ymursflo aftwffg tnf JXR egc tnf skjgel.

Evfrejf mut tnf pmkgts. Rmif JXR, kgstfec mo tedkgj e pmkgt, ellmw ymu tm tedf

lmts kg tnf seif plebf egc tnfg okgc tnf evfrejf. Snf Iejflleg rfbfkvfrs cm kt

eutmietkbelly ko tnfy cmgt cftfbt imvfifgt.

Evmkc tnf imrf nuikc nmurs kg plebfs wktn e lmt mo vfjftetkmg skgbf wetfr

rfcubfs tnf skjgel.

Kg earupt plebfs tnet iedf tnf skjgel rfbfptkmg ckookbult (vellfys, uraeg

begymgs) usf eg fxtfrkmr egtfgge.

Imvf tm tedf tnf pmkgt ko tnfrf ks e plebf gferay wktn afttfr skjgel.

1. Iult k-legf frrmr

Snf JXR skjgel amugbfs moo rmbdy wells, trffs, auklckgjs, kgtfrkmrs, ftb. Znfg tnf

skjgel amugbfs kt tedfs e lmgjfr rmec egc tnf JXR tnkgdstnet ymu erf ourtnfr ewey.


Znfgfvfr pmsskalf, lmmd omr blfer plebfs kg mpfg erfes. Eltnmujn wf begt

elweys bnmmsf tnf plebfs wnfrf wf gffc tm tedf e pmkgt, wf beg evmkc

sktuetkmgs tnet beusf iultkplf rf-amugc, omr fxeiplf, ay puttkgj tnf JXR kg tnf

kgtfrkmr mo vfnkblfs.

2. Kmgmspnfrffrrmr

Snf kmgmspnfrf ks e leyfr mo tnf etimspnfrf oull mo bnerjfc pertkblfs tnet jft kg tnf wey

mo tnf JXR skjgel, ckikgksnkgj kts tregsktkmg spffc. Snf quegtkty mo tnf kmgmspnfrf tnet

tnf skjgel trevfrsfs cfpfgcs mg kts kgblkgetkmg egjlf (E vs. A). Snf lmwfr, tnf imrf

kmgmspnfrf kt wkll nevf tm jm tnrmujn egc tnf imrf tnf skjgel ks eoofbtfc. Kg e bfrtekg

wey, egc tm nflp ymu rfifiafr kt, kts skikler tm nmw tnf etimspnfrf eoofbts tnf lmwfr

reys mo sug brfetkgj eiezkgj akjjfr sugsfts wktn mregjfy bmlmrs.


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Ebqukrkgj imrf fxpfgskvf imcfls ks rerfly wmrtn kt omr stegcerc epplkbetkmgs.

Snfsf imcfls beg belbuletf tnf kgolufgbf mo tnf foofbt, ifesurkgj tnf tkif lejtnet mbburs wnfg twm skjgels nevf lfot tnf setfllktf et tnf seif tkif aut jft

cfleyfc tm e ckoofrfgt cfjrff cuf tm tnfkr orfqufgby ckoofrfgbf.

ZEER, FJGMR egc IRER erf tnf Gmrtn Eifrkbeg, Furmpfeg egc @epegfsf

vfrskmgs mo tnf seif tnkgj0 eg fertn stetkmgs gftwmrd tm belkaretf tnf JXR

skjgel egc kgbrfesf kts ebbureby omr evketkmg usf. Rmif rfbfkvfrs nevf tnf

mptkmg tm ebtkvetf mr cfebtkvetf kt. Ko ymu nevf tnks mptkmg, cfebtkvetf kt. Snks

bmrrfbtkmg ksgt eveklealf kg tnf ie`mr pert mo tnf plegft, fspfbkelly kg tnmsf

erfes wnfrf Cfvflmpifgt wmrd ks bmgbfgtretfc, egc kg tnks wey ymu wkll sevf

mg aettfrkfs.

3. Kgtfgtkmgel frrmr (RE)

Vp tm Iey 1888 tnf Rtetf Cfofgsf Cfpertifgt mo tnf FV, tnet ecikgkstfrs tnf systfi,

kgtfgtkmgelly cmwgjrecfc kt tm evmkc nmstklf usf. Fvfg tnmujn tnks cmwgjrecf ksgt usfc

jfgfrelly egyimrf, ko ymurf kg ebtkvf bmgolkbt zmgfs ymu beg okgc tnf skjgel tnet eoofbts

tnet spfbkokb zmgf ks cmwgjrecfc. Kg e bmgolkbt erfe, af vfry berfoul eamut uskgj tnf

JXR wktnmut nevkgj tnf eutnmrkzetkmg ormi ell skcfs kgvmlvfc!


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Bmlc stertkgj e JXR

Kg eccktkmg tm tnf pmsktkmg, tnf JXR skjgel tregsikts twm mtnfr tnkgjs tnet nflp tnfkr

wmrd0

Snf eliegebbmgtekgs tnf mraktel kgomrietkmg mo tnf setfllktfs tm ellmw tnf JXR

tm dgmw wnfrf kt nes tm lmmd omr tnf setfllktfs ebbmrckgj tm tnf tkif egc tnf

cey. Kt tedfs ermugc 51 ikgutfs tm cmwglmec egc kt ks gm lmgjfr ebburetf eotfr

2 mr 3 wffds.

Snf fpnfifrkcfsbmgtekg imrf prfbksf kgormietkmg eamut tnf mrakts egc mtnfr

cete lkdf tnf blmbd frrmr. Snfy tedf 28 sfbmgcs tm cmwglmec.

Znfg ymu stert e JXR omr tnf okrst tkif, ymuvf bnegjfc pmsktkmg nugcrfcs modklmiftrfs mr kts imrf tneg e imgtn skgbf kts affg turgfc mg, kt cmfsgt nevf fktnfr

eliegeb mr fpnfifrkcfs. Kg tnks besf tnf JXR sterts ormi bmlc. Fvfg tnmujn kt beg

stert tm lmbetf setfllktfs egc jkvf pmsktkmgs afomrf 51 ikgutfs, kts bmgvfgkfgt tm wekt

tnks tkif sm es gmt tm lmmsf tnf skjgel curkgj tnf rmutf egc tm reksf tnf prfbkskmg.

Ko tnf JXR elrfecy nes eg eliegeb tnets up tm cetf, ymu wkll stkll nevf tm wekt 28

sfbmgcs ko kts iksskgj tnf fpnfifrkcfs (weri stert). Ko kt nes amtn, ymu beg stert

strekjnt ewey (nmt stert).

Ko tnf JXR ks jmkgj tm bmlc stert, try turgkgj kt mg quktf e wnklf afomrf jfttkgj

tm tnf plebf mo wmrd. Omr fxeiplf, ymu beg turg kt mg egc lfevf kt mg tnf

cesnamerc wnklst ymu trevfl0


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Eg kgckspfgsealf rktuel0 Snf JXR bmgokjuretkmg

Znfg uskgj e JXR egc kgtfrbnegjkgj kgomrietkmg wktn mtnfr pfmplf mr cfvkbfs, lkdf

ymur bmiputfr, iedf surf tnet0

5. [murf uskgj tnf bmrrfbt cetui.

1. [murf uskgj tnf seif bmmrckgetf systfi.

5. Snf cetui

Kiejkgf tnet ymu nevf e bmmrckgetf, omr fxeiplf, 118 di smutn egc 215 di fest. Es kt

ks kts gmt vfry usfoul, ymu gffc tm dgmw wnfrf tm ifesurf ormi! Snf seif epplkfs tm

tnf JXR, kt gffcs tm dgmw wnfrf tm ifesurf ormi.

Snf cetui ks usfc tm iedf sfgsf mo tnf bmmrckgetfs. Kts e bmiakgetkmg mo tnf

prm`fbtkmg tnet ks usfc egc smif pmkgt mr pmkgts mo rfofrfgbf ormi wnkbn wf tedf tnf

ifesurfifgts. Omr fxeiplf, ko wf essuif tnf Fertn ks e spnfrf egc wf erf

ifesurkgj ormi tnf Gmrtn Xmlf.

Snf kipmrtegt tnkgj ks tnet tnf JXR egc tnf iep ymu usf wktn kt nevf tnf seif

cetui, sm tnet mgf ksgt ifesurkgj ormi tnf Gmrtn Xmlf egc essuikgj tnet tnf Fertn ksolet egc tnf mtnfr ormi Aksnmps Ktbnkgjtmg (Rteoos, VD) suppmskgj tnet tnf Fertn ks

spnfrkbel. Elsm ko ymurf jmkgj tm bmlleamretf wktn mtnfrs, ymu gffc tm ejrff mg tnf

cetui ymurf jmkgj tm usf.

Vsuelly tnf bnmkbf ks aftwffg twm mptkmgs, fktnfr tnf ugkvfrsel cetui ZJR>3ks usfc

(rfifiafr tnks geif!) iedkgj tnf fxbnegjf aftwffg bmlleamretmrs feskfr egc afkgj

bmipetkalf wktn jfgfrkb sfrvkbfs lkdf Jmmjlf Fertn, mr e lmbel cetui ks usfc tnet

kgbrfesfs ebbureby. Ko ymu erf jmkgj tm wmrd wktn Jmmjlf Fertn ymu nevf tm usf

ZJR>3.

Snf cete beg af feskly bnegjfc ormi mgf cetui tm egmtnfr ko gfbfssery.

Snf ie`mrkty mo JXR prmjreis egc tnf JXR ktsflo wkll cm kt. Snf kipmrtegt

tnkgj, ks tnet ymu cmgt tedf cete tnkgdkgj tnet kt ks rfofrrfc tm mgf

pertkbuler cetui wnfg kg rfelkty k t ks rfofrrfc tm egmtnfr.

Ko ymu elrfecy nevf pmkgts ymu beg esbfrtekg kts cetui kg tnfsf weys0


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Ko tnf oklf nes eg JX^ fxtfgtkmg, tnet ks jfgfrelly usfc omr JXR cete fxbnegjf,

tnf cete ks elweys ZJR>3.

Kg mtnfr typfs mo oklf, tnf cetui bmifs kgblucfc es pert mo tnf nfeckgj mo tnf

oklf. Omr fxeiplf, kg tnks ZXS oklf, kt ks ZJR>30

Snf ie`mrkty mo JXR oklf typfs beg af mpfgfc wktn tnf gmtfammd mr wktn e

sprfecsnfft lkdf Fxbfl.

Sm esbfrtekg tnf cetui mo e iep rfec tnf lfjfgc ko kt ks prkgtfc mr e ckjktelkzfc prkgt, mr

try tm okgc tnf iftecete (cete eamut tnf cete) ko kt ks ckjktel.

Rmiftkifs, tnf cetui ksgt blferly kcfgtkokfc es subn kg ieps. Snks ks tnf

besf kg tnks iep mo tnf Etles Imugtekgs kg Imrmbbm, aut ymu beg jufss tnet ks

Ifrbnkbn, afbeusf kt wkll af eimgjst tnf lkst tnet ymu nevf kg tnf JXR0


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1. Snf bmmrckgetfs

Snf typf mo bmmrckgetfs tnet ymu erf jmkgj tm usf snmulc af tnmsf usfc ay tnf pfmplf

mr tnf prmjreis wktn wnmi mr wnkbn ymu erf jmkgj tm wmrd.

Vglfss tnfrf erf mtnfr rfqukrfifgts, elweys try tm wmrd wktn VSI. Snf bmmrckgetfs mo

lmgjktucf egc letktucf wfrf kgvfgtfc sm es tm gevkjetf wktnmut masteblfs. Snfy erf

usfoul omr amtn sfe egc ekr. Mg legc wf beggmt cftfrikgf tnf ckstegbfs aftwffg twm

pmkgts mr tnf pmsktkmg mg e iep wktnmut leamrkmus belbuletkmgs. Aut eamvf ell, tnfy erf

lkealf tm frrmr ko tnf pfmplf gmtf tnf bmmrckgetfs ay negc (smiftnkgj tm sbrupulmusly

evmkc!) mg e omri. Gmtf, omr fxeiplf, tnf kipmrtegbf mo tnf bmiie kg tnfsf 2 weys mo

fxprfsskgj tnf ifesurfifgts0

-:>.5;3: Cfjrffs egc cfbkiels mo e cfjrff.-:> 5;.3: Cfjrffs, ikgutfs egc cfbkiels mo e ikgutf.

-:> 5; 3: Cfjrffs, ikgutfs egc sfbmgcs.

Snfsf tnrff pmkgts erf vfry ckstegt, up tm 53.6 di aftwffg tnfi. Es ymu beg sff kg

tnf kiejf mo Bfgtrel Eifrkbe, tnf frrmr ks bmgskcfrealf. Ko ymu erf gmt sbrupulmus wktn

tnf bmiie ymu bmulc fgc up eotfr ymur survfy wktn tnf pmkgts afkgj kg tnf Kgckeg

Mbfeg mr kg tnf gfkjnamrkgj bmugtry.


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Cfspktf ell tnks, tnf jfmjrepnkbel bmmrckgetfs erf wkcfsprfec egc orfqufgtly tnfy erf

kgstellfc ay cfoeult kg prmjreis egc JXR cfvkbfs, wnkbn ks wny ymu wkll prmaealy fgc

up wmrdkgj wktn tnfi. JXRvksuelkzfr, wnkbn ymu wkll usf omr tnf fxfrbksfs,rfqukrfs

cfbkiel cfjrffs.

Snf bmgokjuretkmg rktuel

Gmw tnet ymu dgmw wnet fvfrytnkgj ks, nmw tm okgc kt mut egc wnkbn ks imrf bmgvfgkfgt,

tnks ks tnf prmbfcurf tm omllmw tm bmgokjurf ymur JXR cfvkbf. Kt iey very ebbmrckgj tm

febn aregc, aut gmrielly ymu wkll nevf tm jm tm tnf Rfttkgjs Ifgu mg ymur JXR0

5. Bmgokjurf tnf cetui ay sflfbtkgj kt ormi

tnf lkst mo pmsskaklktkfs. Kg tnks fxeiplf, wf

wkll sflfbt ZJR>3 afbeusf wf kgtfgc tm

wmrd wktn Jmmjlf Fertn egc JXRvksuelkzfr.

1. Bmgokjurf tnf bmmrckgetfskg wnkbnymu erf jmkgj tm wmrd. Kg tnf kiejf,

tnfy nevf sflfbtfc cfjrffs wktn 6

cfbkiels, tnet ks tm sey, 35.6:2?:.

Snet ks ell ymu nevf tm cm.


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Zmrdkgj wktn e JXR

Mgbf tnf JXR ks swktbnfc mg egc ymu nevf tnf eliegeb egc tnf fpnfifrkcfs up-tm-

cetf, kt ks rfecy tm wmrd.

Frjmgmikbs tm kiprmvf tnf skjgel0

Imst mo tnf tkif tnf skjgel ks jmmc egc kts gmt sm kipmrtegt tm omllmw tnfsf stfps.

Gmgftnflfss, kt ks gm aec tnkgj tm jft kgtm tnf neakt mo cmkgj tnks tm kiprmvf tnf

pfromriegbf mo tnf systfi0

Ko tnf JXR egtfgge ks nflkbmkcel (E),

tnet ks, kt nes e gmzzlf, berry tnf JXRvfrtkbelly tm afttfr rfbfkvf tnf skjgel.

Gfvfrtnflfss, tnks egtfgge ks lfss

sfgsktkvf tm tnf cfvkbf afkgj kgblkgfc.

Ko ymu cmgt sff tnf egtfgge fxtfrgelly

tnfg kt prmaealy nes e olet mgf(A)4 tnf

ieguel wkll bmgokri kt. Kg tnks besf

berry tnf iebnkgf perellfl tm tnf

jrmugc.

Ckstegbf tnf JXR ormi ymur amcy es iubn es pmsskalf4 nmlc kt wktn ymur eri

fxtfgcfc. Fvkcfgtly ko ymu nevf e olet egtfgge, ymu wkll nevf tm kgblkgf tnf JXR

sm tnet ymu beg rfec kt, aut try tm tedf tnf pmkgt wktn tnf JXR nmrkzmgtel.


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Kt wmgt elweys af prebtkbel tm berry tnf JXR kg ymur negc ell tnf tkif. Motfg

ymu beg berry kt kg e aebdpebd, es lmgj es gm iftelkb ma`fbts bmvfr tnf

egtfgge, mr kgskcf e ber wktnmut ie`mr prmalfis. Snf cesnamerc wmulc af tnf

afst plebf tm evmkc rfamugc wktn tnf rmmo egc nevf e afttfr skjgel. Berrykgj kt

ermugc ymur gfbd ks gmt e jmmc kcfe es ymu almbd mut nelo tnf okflc mo rfbfptkmg,tnf egtfgge ksgt nmrkzmgtel egc fvfry tkif ymu afgc cmwg kt wkll pfromri e

Serzeg swkgj ejekgst smiftnkgj. Ko ymu erf orkjntfgfc mo lmskgj tnf skjgel, e

jmmc eltfrgetkvf ks tm okx tnf JXR wktn vflbrm tm e aebdpebd et snmulcfr nfkjnt

mr tm okx kt mg tnf amcy mo tnf ber.

Iegejkgj tnf aettfrkfs0Snfy gmrielly usf stegcerc aettfrkfs, EE typf, tnet snmulc lest aftwffg ? egc 51

nmurs ugkgtfrruiptfc, smiftkifs imrf, cfpfgckgj mg tnf usf tnet tnfy erf jkvfg. Kg

wnetfvfr besf, nfrf erf smif pmkgts tm dffp kg ikgc sm tnet tnfy lest lmgjfr0

Cksebtkvetf tnf ZEER/FJGMRmptkmg.

Snf ie`mrkty mo JXR nevf e sevf aettfry imcf kg wnkbn tnfy tedf tnf skjgel

fvfry 3 mr 6 sfbmgcs retnfr tneg ell tnf tkif. Ko tnf skjgel ks jmmc egc tnf wmrd

cey ks lmgj, mr skiply tm evmkc brfetkgj tmm iubn westf kg e bmugtry wnfrf gm

ecfquetf westf iegejfifgt systfis fxkst, pfrneps ymu bmulc ebtkvetf kt.

Evmkc rfbnerjealf aettfrkfs. Ko tnf prfvkmus pmkgt iedfs ymu tnkgd eamut

uskgj rfbnerjealf aettfrkfs, tnkgd ejekg. Kg mur fxpfrkfgbf, rfbnerjealf

aettfrkfs nevf e tfgcfgby tm rug cmwg, cftfrkmretf egc iedf ymu ikstedf olet

aettfrkfs omr bnerjfc aettfrkfs. Nmw beg ymu trust tnfi kg e `ma tnet ymu nevf

gm ofrvfgt wksn tm rfpfet=

Elweys berry sperf aettfrkfsegc evmkc uskgj pmmr quelkty aettfrkfs mr tnmsf

tnet nevf affg stmrfc omr e lmgj tkif. [mu cm gmt wegt tm put up wktn e auipy


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688di kg eg moo-rmec vfnkblf mgly tm cksbmvfr tnet ymur Crejmg Xmwfr aettfrkfs

erf lkttlf imrf tneg wreppkgj.

Snfy erf eoofbtfc ay tnf bmlc. Berry tnf JXR blmsf tm ymur amcy egc kgskcf

ymur blmtnfs wnfg kt ks vfry bmlc egc tnfy wkll wmrd afttfr egc lest lmgjfr.Zeri tnf aettfrkfs ay puttkgj tnfi gfxt tm e weri pert mo ymur amcy omr

sfvfrel ikgutfs. Ay werikgj tnf aettfrkfs ejekgst ymur amcy, ymu wkll af ealf

tm tedf smif lest vktel pmkgts afomrf tnfy bmiplftfly ckf. Gfvfr nfet tnfi kg

egy mtnfr wey, tnfy fxplmcf!

Fvfg tnmujn kts mavkmus, pfrneps kts mgly gfbfssery tm turg tnf cfvkbf mg, tedf

tnf pmkgt egc tnfg swktbn kt moo. Kg tnfsf bmgcktkmgs, tnf aettfrkfs lest sfvfrel

wffds.

[mur seofty0

Ko ymu wegt tm stey kg mgf pkfbf mr skiply evmkc nevkgj eg ewoul tkif, omr ymur

sfburkty egc tnet mo ymur bmllfejufs, cmgt fvfr omrjft tnfsf twm pkfbfs mo

ecvkbf0

Gfvfr usf e JXR kg e sfgsktkvf zmgf, gfer e iklktery aesf mr kg erfes mo

bmgolkbt wktnmut matekgkgj tnf jmmcwkll mo ell pertkfs. E JXR, lkdf e beifre,

jkvfs reksf tm ell smrts mo suspkbkmgs. Cmgt omrjft, seof usf!


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Rmif plebfs rfqukrf tnf usf mo e JXR tm gevkjetf egc gmt mgly tm wmrd. Rubn

sktuetkmgs erf blfer, lkdf wnfg wmrdkgj kg cfsfrt erfes, `ugjlf, imugtekgs,

omjjy egc verkealf wfetnfr erfes Mtnfrs erf gmt sm blfer. Fvfg wnfg ymu

nevf lmbel pfmplf tnet dgmw tnf erfe0

m Elweys tedf rfofrfgbf pmkgts kg dfy lmbetkmgs0 afomrf sfttkgj moo, kg tnf

lest neaktealf plebf, wnfrf ymu nevf lfot tnf ber, egc sm mg. Kg tnfsf

besfs, cmgt trust fvfrytnkgj tm ymur JXR0 berry ieps, e bmipess egc

dgmw nmw tm usf tnfi.

m Qfjkstfr trebds ay dffpkgj tnf JXR mg. Snf JXR nes e trebdaebdmptkmg

tnet ellmws ymu tm rfvfrsf tnf petn ymu nevf weldfc.

Revkgj tnf cete0

Rmif qukbd sujjfstkmgs eamut tedkgj cete0

Kiejkgf tnet ymu nevf cmgf e survfy mo 1:3 pmkgts. Kt ks nkjnly lkdfly tnet omr

smif mo tnfsf ymu wkll omrjft tm ierd tnf pmkgt mr tnet ymur okgjfr succfgly

swflls egc ymu prfss tnf wrmgj auttmgs. Zktn lubd ymu wkll rfelkzf tnet mgf ks

iksskgj, aut wnkbn mgf ks kt=! [mu beg feskly lmsf ell ymur wmrd lkdf tnks. Fvfry

58 pmkgts, tedf tnf seif pmkgt twkbf. Kg tnks wey, ko et smif pmkgt ymu cmgt

ierd mgf, ymu beg gmtkbf tnet mgf pmkgt ks iksskgj kg tnf kgtfrvel aftwffg tnks

cmualf pmkgt egc tnf prfvkmus. Omr fxeiplf, ko tnf M erf tnf cmualf pmkgts, tnf

tnkrc kgtfrvel nes sfvfrel pmkgts iksskgj0

MMxxxxxxxxxMMxxxxxxxxxMMxxxxxxMMxxxxxxxxxMM

Snks rktuel elsm dffps ymu elfrt tm tnf guifretkmg ckspleyfc kg tnf JXR.

Mgf mo tnf qukbdfst weys tm wmrd ks tm tedf e pnmtm mo tnf gmtfammd wktn tnf

geif mo tnf plebf egc tnf guiafr mo tnf weypmkgt. Eotfr, tedf ell tnf pnmtms mo

tnf plebf. Znfg lmeckgj ell tnf pnmtms mg tnf bmiputfr, tnfy erregjf

tnfisflvfs eutmietkbelly kg tnf mrcfr kg wnkbn tnfy wfrf tedfg, ellmwkgj ymu tm

dgmw wnkbn pnmtms bmrrfspmgc tm wnkbn lmbetkmg wktnmut wmrdkgj egy ourtnfr.

Egmtnfr mo tnf ecvegtejfs mo tnks iftnmc ks tnet ymu ckjktelkzf ymur gmtfammd4

kts sm fesy tm lfevf kt smifwnfrf egc lmsf tnmsf kipmrtegt gmtfs!

Kg tnf kiejf, omr fxeiplf, tnf gmtfammd nes affg pnmtmjrepnfc kg tnf bmursf

mo eg fveluetkmg mo tnf fbmgmikb/ommc sktuetkmg kg Rmielke omr e oeikly kg

^erxer vkllejf. Snks survfy, (tnf egswfrs tm tnf qufstkmgs erf guiafrfc)

bmrrfspmgcs tm tnf pmkgt JXR ?60


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Febn pmkgt (?2, ?3, ?6) egc tnf bmrrfspmgckgj pnmtms erf mrcfrfc eutmietkbelly0


60/124



Kg plebfs wktnmut eg ebtuel geif, ymu beg pnmtmjrepn tnf JXR wktn tnf

bmmrckgetf egc letfr tnf erfe sm tnet ymu dgmw tnet tnf kiejfs bmrrfspmgc tm

febn mo tnf weypmkgts. Kg tnf fxeiplf, tnf revejfs mo e Ssugeik et ckoofrfgt

pmkgts0

Afjkg egc fgc febn t rebd wk tn e JXR pmkgt tnet ymu rfjkstfr. Kg tnks wey ymu

beg feskly rfbmjgkzf kt egc elsm geif kt, omr fxeiplf, trebd ?>-515.

Kg iegy JXR, tnfrf ks gm wey tm evmkc rfjkstfrkgj

trebds ko tnf JXR ks swktbnfc mg. Elsm, iegy nevf

e ougbtkmg bellfc cfec rfbdmgkgj, tnks ifegs tnet

ko kt lmmsfs tnf skjgel wnklf trebkgj e trebd kt wkll

bmgtkguf tm trebf kt wktn tnf ckrfbtkmg egc spffc

ymu nec ugtkl kt rfbfkvfs tnf skjgel ejekg. Snfrfsult ks tnet ymu fgc up wktn e bmgouskmg mo trebds

egc cmgt dgmw wnkbn ks wnkbn. Revf tnf trebd

wnfg ymu okgksn sm tnet ymu cmgt ecc tnkgjs tnet

ymu cmgt gffc.

Qfifiafr tnet tnf JXR nes lkiktfc ifimry.

Bnfbd tnf pfrbfgtejf ymu nevf usfc fvfry sm

motfg tm evmkc ebbkcfgtel mvfrwrkttkgj.


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?8 JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Vplmeckgj egc cmwglmeckgjcete

Mgbf tnf cete nes affg tedfg ymu gffc tm tregsofr kt tm e bmiputfr sm tnet kt beg

ebtuelly af usfoul. Snf prmbbfss ks vfry skikler tm tnet mo bmggfbtkgj e ckjktel beiere tm

e bmiputfr.

Gfvfr bmpy bmmrckgetfs ay negc, fvfg tnmujn e surprkskgj guiafr mo omris

esd ymu tm cm `ust sm. Febn bmmrckgetf nes smif 18 ckjkts. Ko ymu bmpy tnfi

ay negc tm e pepfr egc tnfg tm e bmiputfr, kts vfry prmaealf tnet ymu wkll

kgtrmcubf frrmrs tnet erf ckookbult tm bnfbd mr cftfbt.

Sm evmkc bmpykgj tnfi ay negc, ymu gffc smif mo tnfsf tnkgjs0

E bmggfbtkmgbealftm tnf bmiputfr.

E prmjrei mr wfasktf tnet ellmws ebbfss tm tnf JXR egc uplmecs egc

cmwglmecs cete tm ymur bmiputfr mr tnf blmuc.

Snf prmbbfss snmulc af skiplf fgmujn eltnmujn cfpfgckgj mg ymur bmiputfr egc tnfJXR cfvkbf kt beg smiftkifs af vfry tkif-bmgsuikgj tm sft up.

Snf bmggfbtkmg bealf

Rmif JXR cfvkbfs bmif wktn tnfi egc wktn mtnfrs ymu nevf tm auy bealfs

sfperetfly. @ust iedf surf tnet ymu nevf mgf. [mu iey af kg mgf mo tnfsf twm

sktuetkmgs0

Snf bealf ks VRA. Omr tnf ie`mrkty

mo JXR cfvkbfs ymu cmgt nevf tm cm

egytnkgj flsf, kt ks e VRA bealf lkdf

tnf mgf ymu wmulc usf omr e ckjktel

beiere. Snks ks tnf imst bmiimg

ikgk-VRA bmggfbtkmg0


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BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs ?5


Kt ks smiftnkgj flsf. Omr tnf mlcfr mr skiplfr imcfls tnks bealf bmggfbts tm e

Rfrkfs 121 m Ikgk-CKG pmrt, pmrts tnet tnf ie`mrkty mo bmiputfrs cmgt nevf

egyimrf. Kg tnfsf besfs, ymu gffc e VRA-Rfrkfs mr VRA-Ikgk-CKG eceptmr,

egmtnfr bealf tnet bmiplkbetfs tnkgjs e lkttlf. Snks eceptmr bealf bmifs wktn e

BC egc gffcs tnf bmgtrmllfr tm af kgstellfc sm tnet kt wmrds prmpfrly. Kg tnfsfbesfs tnf bmggfbtkmg wmulc af0

Snf prmjreis

Snfrf erf guifrmus JXR prmjreis tnet ellmw ymu tm cmwglmec tnf pmkgts egc trebds

ormi e JXR mr lmec tnfi tm e JXR ormi ymur bmiputfr. Jmmjlf Fertn et tnf tkif mo

wrktkgj ks ugafetealf ko wnet ymu wegt ks tm kgtfrebt kg rfel tkif egc plebf tnf pmkgts mg

e iep. Nmwfvfr, Jmmjlf Fertn nes kts cmwgskcfs0 matekgkgj e oklf wktn bmmrckgetfs ksgmt ckrfbt, kt ks gmt strekjnomrwerc tm wmrd wktn mtnfr ieps mr efrkel pnmtms tnet erfgt kts

mwg, kt cmfsgt suppmrt iegy JXR imcfls egc kt oekls tmm motfg.

Ko ymu usf Jmmjlf Fertn0

5. Bmggfbt egc swktbn tnf JXR mg.

1. Jm tm 7 Smmls / JXR egc okll kg tnf

ckelmjuf tnet mpfgs cfpfgckgj mg tnf

imcfl tnet ymu nevf0


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Gmtf tnet tnfrf ks e tea Qfel Skif. Snks tea ellmws ymu tm snmw ymur ebtuel

pmsktkmg mg tnf iep egc tm sff nmw kt bnegjfs es ymu imvf. Snf fpkjrepn

Gevkjetkgj wktn Jmmjlf Fertn kg rfel tkif fxplekgs tnks letfr.

Ko ymu prfofr tm usf mtnfr prmjreis0

[mu beg okgc aflmw lkgds omr smif mo tnf mtnfr imst pmpuler prmjreis0

Mzkfxplmrfr0 www.mzkfxplmrfr.bmi

BmipfJXR0 www.bmipfjps.bmi

Jpstmwkg 0 www.jpskgomrietkmg.mrj/rmgn/j:tmwkg.nti

FesyJXR0 www.fesyjps.bmi

Gm iettfr wnet prmjrei ymu fgc up uskgj, tnf brubkel rfqukrfifgt ks tnet ymur

bmiputfr cftfbts tnf JXR egc beg bmiiugkbetf wktn kt. Kg tnf ie`mrkty mo besfs kt ks

eutmietkb, kg mtnfrs ymu nevf tm try mut tnf pmrts.

Snks prmbfss ks cmgf wktn Mzkfxplmrfr kg tnf fxeiplf aflmw. Snf stfps wkll af skikler kg

kg mtnfr prmjreis0

5. Jm tm Bmgokjuretkmg egc blkbd tnf JXR tea. Snfrf, kgtrmcubf tnf imcfl egciedf mo tnf JXR cfvkbf egc blkbd mg Okgc JXR sm tnet kt trkfs tm cftfbt kt

eutmietkbelly. Cmgt omrjft tm nevf tnf JXR swktbnfc mg!

Ko ell jmfs wfll, kt wkll rfspmgc wktn tnf pmrt guiafr tm wnkbn tnf JXR ks

bmggfbtfc (BMI56). Kt ks gmt e aec kcfe tm try egc rfifiafr kt omr outurf usfs.
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1. Ko tnkgjs cmgt jm wfll, tnfg ymu beg stert e prmbfss mo verkmus ec`ustifgts.

Kt ks e trkel egc frrmr prmbfss egc tnfrfomrf ckokbult tm fxplekg nfrf, nmwfvfr

nfrf ks e jukcf mo tnkgjs tm af trkfc kg tnks mrcfr0

1.5 Afjkg ay bnfbdkgj tnet tnf JXR ks swktbnfc mg egc tnf bealfs wfll

bmggfbtfc niiii, bnfbd kt!

1.1 Rff ko tnf JXR ks cftfbtfc wnfg uskgj e wfasktf kgstfec mo e

prmjrei (gfxt sfbtkmg).

1.2 Nevf ymu kgstellfc tnf eceptmr bealf crkvfr ko ymu erf uskgj mgf=

1.3 Bnfbd tnet tnfrf erf gm mtnfr crkvfrs tm kgstell.

1.6 Rmif JXR cfvkbfs nevf Omrbf Rfgc mptkmgs, bnfbd kt.

1.? Sry bmgokjurkgj tnf bmggfbtkmg pmrt ieguelly, bnfbdkgj mgf eotfr

tnf mtnfr0


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Ko ell jmfs wfll, ymu beg gmw usf tnf prmjrei wktn tnf JXR. Kg tnks besf, ymu nevf tm

sferbn kg tnf ifgus omr mptkmgs subn es Cmwglmec pmkgts ormi tnf JXR.

Sedf ecvegtejf mo tnks mppmrtugkty egc stucy tnf rfst mo tnf ifgus. Kg tnfsf prmjreis

tnf cmwglmec, uplmec egc bmgokjuretkmgs sfttkgjs erf jrmupfc tmjftnfr ugcfr e ifgu

bellfc JXR mr Bmiiugkbetkmgs.

Mglkgf

Iegy ieguoebturfrs elrfecy nevf e wfasktf tnet cmwglmecs egc stmrfs tnf JXR cete

egc ellmws ymu tm cmwglmec kt kg verkmus omriets. Aflmw wf snmw smif sbrffgs ormi

tnf Jerikg ieguoebturfrs sktf0

nttp0//bmggfbt.jerikg.bmi
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5. [mu iust brfetf e usfr ebbmugt egc lmj kg sm tnet tnfy rfifiafr tnet tnf

rmutfs egc pmkgts erf ymurs. Snfg blkbd Vplmec0

1. Bmggfbt tnf JXR swktbnfc mg egc wekt omr kt tm af cftfbtfc. Znfg tnks

neppfgs, sflfbt Vplmec Gfw Ebtkvktkfs0

2. Kg tnf lkst mo ebtkvktkfs (es kt ks spmrts-mrkfgtetfc wfa kgtfroebf, survfys erf

bellfc ebtkvktkfs), sflfbt tnf mgf tnet ymu wegt tm cmwglmec. Snks ebtkvkty, omr

fxeiplf, bmrrfspmgcs tm tnf prmpmsfc rmutf omr pkpflkgf leymut kg Nektk0


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?? JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Omriets

Snfrf erf iegy ckoofrfg omriets omr JXR cete0 JX^, ZXS, DIL. Cfpfgckgj mg tnf

imcfl ymu nevf egc tnf prmjreis ymu usf ymu wkll nevf mgf mr egmtnfr. JX^ ks tnf

omriet omr ugkvfrsel fxbnegjf.

Sm bmgvfrt smif omriets tm mtnfrs ymu beg usf e wfasktf mr cmwglmec tnf JXRAeafl

prmjrei0www.jpsaeafl.mrj.Zktn tnks, ymu mgly nevf tm bnmmsf tnf kgput omriets egc

tnf Mutput tnet ymu wegt, gevkjetf tm tnf oklf mrkjkg egc jkvf e geif tm tnf gfw oklf

cfstkgetkmg0
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BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs ?:



69/124

?> JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Gevkjetkgj wktn Jmmjlf Fertn kg rfel tkif

Gevkjetkgj kgrfel tkif, ymu beg sff ymur pmsktkmg egc tnf petn tnet ymu erf omllmwkgj et

fvfry imifgt kg Jmmjlf Fertn (es wfll es kg mtnfr prmjreis). Snf JXR elrfecy cmfs

tnks aut ay bmggfbtkgj kt tm egmtnfr cfvkbf ymu beg sff ymur pmsktkmg mg setflktf

kiejfs. [mu beg bmggfbt tnf JXR tm e bmiputfr, e XCE mr nevf fvfrytnkgj kgtfjretfc

kg e siert pnmgf.

Gevkjetkgj kg rfel tkif ks vfry usfoul kg

besfs wnfg ymu beggmt wekt tm sff tnf

kgomrietkmg letfr, afbeusf ymu nevf tmiedf cfbkskmgs rkjnt tnfg mr afbeusf kt

ks e bmiplkbetfc besf. Fvfg tnmujn tnf

tflfpnmgf mptkmg ks vfry bmgvfgkfgt, tnf

kgomrietkmg motfg fgcs up squesnfc

tmjftnfr kg e vfry siell sbrffg, egc kt

iey af afttfr tm mpt omr e bmiputfr.

Gmrielly, ymu wkll gffc tm nevf

tflfpnmgf ebbfss tm tnf kgtfrgft wktn eg

ebtuel pnmgf mr e VRA imcfi (E).

Zktn tnf JXR bmggfbtfc tm tnf bmiputfr egcswktbnfc mg (!) ymu iust jm tm Smmls / JXR

egc sflfbt tnf tea Qfel Skif. Bnmmsf tnf

prmtmbml typf mo ymur JXR, bnfbd tnf amx

Eutmietkbelly omllmw tnf petn egc blkbd Rtert0


70/124

BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs ?;


Vskgj Jmmjlf Fertn mool kgf

[mu cmgt gffc tm nevf eg kgtfrgft bmggfbtkmg ell tnf tkif tm usf Jmmjlf Fertn, ymu

bmulc nevf prfvkmusly sevfc tnf erfes tnet kgtfrfst ymu kg tnf bebnf ifimry ay

omllmwkgj tnks prmbfss0

5. Sm ebbfss tnks mptkmg jm tm Smmls / Mptkmgs egc, kg tnf ckelmjuf tnet mpfgs,

sflfbt tnf Bebnf tea. Rflfbt tnf iexkiui, 18880

1. Cflftf tnf ifimry bebnf tm fgsurf tnet ymu jft tm usf tnf iexkiui bepebkty

egc epply tnf bnegjfs afomrf lfevkgj tnf ifgu.

2. Fxplmrf tnf erfe tnet kgtfrfsts ymu kg tnf cftekl

tnet ymu gffc wnklf ymu nevf kgtfrgft ebbfss. Ko

ymu wegt tm nevf smif leyfrs subn es Amrcfrs,Nkjnweys ftb, tkbd tnfsf leyfrs0

Snf bebnf ifimry ks rfbmrcfc kg sfvfrel oklfs tnet kgblucf tnf wmrc bebnf0


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:8 JXR egc Jmmjlf Fertn omr Cfvflmpifgt.


Ko ymu gffc imrf ifimry ymu beg berry mg sevkgj bmpkfs mo tnfsf oklfs wktnkg omlcfrs

geifc eotfr tnf erfes bmvfrfc. Sm bnegjf tnf erfe, bmpy tnf oklfs mo tnf plebfs omlcfr

egc mvfrwrktf tnf fxkstkgj mgfs kg tnf Jmmjlf omlcfr.

Snf rmutf tm tnfsf oklfs bnegjfs ebbmrckgj tm tnf mpfretkgj systfi tnet ymu nevf, kt ksprmaealy afst omr tnf systfi tm sferbn omr tnfi uskgj tnf bmiputfrs sferbn mptkmg omr

tnf B0 crkvf.

Snfrf erf prmjreis tnet beg sbeg erfes eutmietkbelly omr ymu (k.f. Jmmjlf Fertn

Bebnf Auklcfr, Jmmjlf Fertn _myejfr, ftb.) Rferbn tnf kgtfrgft omr tnf letfr vfrskmgs tm

cftfrikgf ko tnfy beg af nflpoul tm ymu.

Vsuelly tnf bebnf oklfs tnet ymu prfperfc mg e bmiputfr begt af sfgt tm

egmtnfr bmiputfr, uglfss tnf oklf rmutfs erf fxebtly tnf seif, wnkbn ks amtn

uglkdfly egc kiprebtkbel. Afomrf jmkgj tm eg erfe wktnmut kgtfrgft,

cksbmggfbt ormi tnf kgtfrgft egc tfst Jmmjlf Fertn tm iedf surf tnf

ifimry ks wmrdkgj es kt ks ifegt tm.


72/124

BNEXSFQ 1. JXR egc Bmmrckgetfs :5


Vskgj tnkrc perty ieps

Rmiftkifs, tnf Jmmjlf Fertn ieps erfgt prebtkbel mr tnfy cmgt nevf tnf kgomrietkmg

ymu gffc. Kg tnmsf besfs ymu nevf verkmus eltfrgetkvfs.

Date post:	19-Feb-2018
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GPS and Google Earth for Development. How to create, share and collaborate with maps on the net

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