Gps-gsm Integration for Enhabcing Public Transportation Management Services

8/10/2019 Gps-gsm Integration for Enhabcing Public Transportation Management Services

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GPS-GSM INTEGRATION FORENHANCING PUBLIC

TRANSPORTATION

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

BATCH 10V.SWATHI

G.CHAITANYA KUMARP.PHANI KUMAR

C.SARVANI

B.GOPALA RAO


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

ADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS


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INTRODUCTION

The problem is people waiting at bus stop dont knowwhen bus will come and where it is exactly. To avoidthis, If the passenger knows the id of bus then he willget the location of the bus by using GSM and GPStechnologies.

This paper proposes and implements a solution forenhancing public transportation management servicesbased on GPS and GSM in Punjab province ofPakistan.

The system consists of four modules: BUS StationModule, In-BUS Module, BASE Station Module and

BUS Stop Module. Equipped with PC and GSM modem,BUS Station Module sends the initialization informationcontaining the bus number and license plate number toIn-BUS Module and BASE Station Module using SMS.

In this project we are implementing only In-Bus Modulecontaining with GSM and GPS modules. Whenever

user send message he will get the bus location as areply message.


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HARDWARE

SPECIFICATIONSAVR Microcontroller

GPS Receiver

GSM Modem

Max 232

Power Supply

LCD


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AVR Microcontroller

AVR---Alf(Egil Bogen)and Vegard(Wollans)RISCprocessor.

The AVR is a Modified Harvard architecture 8-bitRISC single chip microcontroller. It was developed byAtmel in 1996. Harvard architecture means that the

program and data are stored in separate memoryspaces which are accessible simultaneously.

The AVR was one of the first microcontroller familiesto use on-chip flash memory for program storage, asopposed to One-Time Programmable ROM, EPROM,

or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at thetime. Flash memory is a nonvolatile (persistent onpower-down) programmable memory.

We are using ATxMEGA 32 microcontroller


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Features of AVR High-performance, Low-power AtmelAVR 8-bit Microcontroller

Advanced RISC Architecture

131 Powerful InstructionsMost Single-clock Cycle Execution

32 8 General Purpose Working Registers

Fully Static Operation

Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16MHz

On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

32Kbytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory

1024Bytes EEPROM

2Kbytes Internal SRAM

Special Microcontroller Features

Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator

External and Internal Interrupt Sources

Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby

and Extended Standby

The clock frequency is 16MHz for this ATMEGA 32 Microcontroller


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PINDIAGRAM OF AVR

Port A (PA7..PA0) :Port A serves as

the analog inputs to the A/D

Converter.Port B (PB7..PB0),Port

C(PC7..PC0),Port D(PD7..PD0) :

are8-bit bi-directional I/O port with

internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit).AVCC:AVCC is the supply voltage

pin for Port A and the A/D

Converter.AREF:AREF is the analog

reference pin for the A/D Converter.


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GPS Receiver The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based

navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellitesplaced into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS

was originally intended for military applications, but in the

1980s, the government made the system available for civilian

use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the

world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setupcharges to use GPS.

Fig.GPS Satellite system


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How it works GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and

transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take thisinformation and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact

location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal

was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The

time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is.

Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, thereceiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's

electronic map.
http://www8.garmin.com/products/spIII/


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Features

GPS Receiver supports 16 channel all-in view tracking.

Simultaneous tracking of every possible satellite in view.

The GPS receiver provides NMEA standard data message.

Available Versions: GPS 35 LVCAttached 10 foot power/data cable with bare wire ends.

Accepts power from unregulated low voltage power supplies between 3.6and 6 VDC. Asynchronous serial data interfaces via 2 serial ports withCMOS voltage level outputs, RS-232 polarity.

GPS 35 LVSAttached 10 foot power/data cable with bare wire ends.

Accepts power from unregulated low voltage power supplies between 3.6and 6 VDC. Asynchronous serial data interfaces via 2 serial ports with trueRS-232 voltage level outputs.

GPS 35 HVSAttached 5 meter power/data cable with bare wire ends.Accepts power from unregulated high voltage power supplies between 6and 40 VDC. Asynchronous serial data interfaces via 2 serial ports withtrue RS-232 voltage level outputs.

GPS35 PCAttached 10 foot power/data cable with female DB-9 serialconnection, ready to attach to your PC. Additional 8 foot power cableextension from the DB-9 connector terminates in a cigarette lighter plug foreasy application of power supply voltage between 6 and 40 VDC.Asynchronous serial data interface via a single serial port with true RS-232voltage level output.


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GSM GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)

Mobile service provides the user to receive a call, to callfor the people at remote end ,send SMS to remote areas

just by using GSM-SMS commands and Embedded

systems [8051 family micro controller based]. This

device can be used to receive a call and to call as many

people as possible. GSM Mobile Interface can call to

remote areas and can receive a call from remote areas.

GSM users can send and receive data, at rates up to

9600 bps.


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GSM Features Maximum data rate: 9600 bit/s (there are some

extension that allow now faster speeds) Maximum mobile terminal output power: 8 W

Maximum hand-held mobile terminal outputpower: 2W

Maximum cell radius: 30 km Minimum cell radius: 350 m

Access method: TDMA/FDMA

Number of radio channels in each direction: 124

Number of speech channels per radio channel: 8

Modulation: Minimum Shift Keying (GSMK)


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GSM NETWORK


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Power Supply

The power supply unit is used to provide constant 5 V dc supply to the

peripherals.The 230 V ac is converted into 9 V ac by using a transformer and then a

bridge rectifier rectifies it to a 9 V dc with ac ripples.

This is then filtered by electrolytic capacitors used across the rectifier

output.

LM7805 regulator is employed to obtain a constant 5 V dc at the output.


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TRANSFORMER:

It is an electrical device which transfers the power from

one winding with isolation. All the electronic gadgets work

for less voltage [normally 3V to 12V]. So an step down

transformer is used, whose function is to step down the A.C

voltage from 230V to required voltage depending on the

need. In our project 12V-0-12V is used the output of the

transformer is connected to the diodes for rectification.

RECTIFIER CIRCUIT:

It employs 2 diodes, which converts A.C voltage into

D.C voltage. The output of rectifier circuit is not a pure D.C.

It also consists of some A.C components, which is calledRipples. In order to remove these A.C components, filter

circuits are employed. So the output of rectifier circuit is fed

to the filter circuit [capacitor].


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FILTER CIRCUIT:

Filter circuits employs electrolytic capacitors inorder to remove the A.C the components. As we knowthe capacitors does not allow the D.C components topass through it because it offers high reactance to theD.C components. And offers less reactance to the A.Ccomponents. So all A.C components will be bi-passthrough the ground.

REGULATOR:Regulator is an electronic circuit, whose function

is to keep its output constant, though the input isvaried. In this project the three terminal I.C regulatorof 7805 is used for providing output D.C voltages.

E.g. 7805, the number 78 represents the positiveregulator I.C and 05represents the output voltage i.e.output is 5V.


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LCDCircuit description of LCD

experiment:

The circuit can be wired up on a

plug-in-style prototyping board,

using dual-in-line switches for thedata lines (S1-S8).

A toggle switch for the RS input

(S10) and a momentary action switch

(or macro switch) for usage.

Most of the LCD modules conform to

a standard interface specification. A14pin access is provided having eight

data lines, three control lines and three

power lines.

The connections are laid out in one of

the two common configurations, either

two rows of seven pins, or a singlerow of 14 pins.

One of the, pins are numbered on the

LCDs print circuit board (PCB), but

if not, it is quite easy to locate pin1.


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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power Supply

AVRLCD

GPS

M

A

X

23

2

GSM

MODEM

(RX)

GSMMODEM

(TX)


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Software Requirements

CODEVISION AVR-----High Performance ANSI C Compiler,

Integrated Development Environment, AutomaticProgram Generator and In-System Programmer

for the Atmel AVR family of microcontrollers. Embedded C-----

Embedded C is a set of languageextensions for the C Programming language by

the C Standards committee to addresscommonality issues that exist between Cextensions for different embedded systems.


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Statistical Analysis and

Recommendations BASE station utilizes the passenger information on per

stop basis to carry out the statistical analysis. A GUI,shown in Fig, is developed in MATLAB to analyze theresults. A recommendation report is also generated bythe software which highlights the regions of greater

emphasis. These are the regions where buses are more

overloaded. The solution to the problem lies inincreasing the number of buses on routes which aredensely crowded or introduce new overlapping routes tocompensate the demand.

BASE station transmits the statistical data along withthe recommendation report to Punjab GovernmentTransportation Department through internet at the endof day or as per request of transportation department.


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Fig: GUI Showing Statistical

Data


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ADVANTAGES

Helpful to passengers

Saves time


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APPLICATION AREAS

Transport departments

Public safety systems


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QU RI S

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Gps-gsm Integration for Enhabcing Public Transportation Management Services

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