1. SOCIALSAFETY INOUDCHARLOIS GPS TRACKING OF SENIORS

2. INDEX1.Preface42.Approach83.Research andDesign124.Evaluation795.Literature81 2 3. ForewordA perfect social safe design does not exist. It is the people of a neighbourhood that in the end cause or prevent crime. But what we as ur-banists can do is shape conditions that make a social safe area possible. (Voordt, D.J.M. van der, and H.B.R. van Wegen - 1990)For this course we worked on the Veldacademie in Rotterdam Oud-Charlois. This academy is a cooperation between the municipality of Rot-terdam and the TU Delft. It is a knowledge centre for neighbourhood transformation. The course is an elective in the Urbanism Masters de-gree.Twelve students worked together and divided in groups of three persons. The three of us have been working together since the first week,and had a productive cooperation during the nine weeks of the course.We hope you will enjoy reading this report!Robin BoelsumsThomas GaleslootKhor Minhong 3 4. 1.Preface1.1Abstract1.2Introduction 4 5. 1.1Abstract In this report we explain how we try to reach the goal improve the social safety in Oud-Charlois by the participation of seniors. For this course the task was to design an assisted living area in which a person is able to live as long as possible in their own neighbourhood. We focus on a certain aspect of that, namely the social safety of Oud-Charlois. This aspect is very important when trying to prevent seniors to move out of their neighbourhood. We use a checklist with criteria for designing a social safe area. We define which of these criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois. Because we want to include seniors in these solutions we talk in more detail about the criteria that they can address: presence of people and involve- ment/responsability of neighbourhood. We state that our group of seniors are mainly active persons, so they will be very capable of solving these problems. After this, we research which public places of the area need modification. Out of our masterplan we focus on three streets and made an indi- vidual design for those. The designs are based on the two previous criteria. We do not expect much of the seniors, they do what thay always do on a regular day. But we will shape the conditions that may change their behaviour unconsiously.They take a different route because of better accesibility (presence in a certain street) or they put a bench in front of their house because we gave them a semi-public zone (they show involvement).5 6. 1.1Abstract1.2Introduction 6 7. 1.2Introduction GPS tracking is a rapidly evoluating technology that is getting more and more accesible for research. New notions can be found when we use the Global Positioning System to trace the movement patterns of residents. For this course twelve students tracked 40 seniors during four days. The seniors had to carry a little GPS device with themselves whenever they left their homes. The assignment was to use these movement patterns to make a design for an assisted living area in Oud-Charlois, Rotterdam. An assisted living area is an area in which people needing assistance with activities of daily living can live as independently as possible for as long as possible, with support of long-term care facilities (MedicineNet, 2010). This means that people should be able to live as long as possible in their own neighbourhood, without having to move to a care facility. The present idea of assisted living seems to be outdated. It is the idea of elderly living in an assisted living facility (care centre) with all facilities as closeby as possible. New theory states that elderly should be able to stay in their own house as long as possible, without having to move as early as they do now. The houses should be more fit for elderly and also the neighbourhood with its facilities should be adapted in a way that elderly can make use of it far longer than they do now. Accessibility, safety and facilities are examples of topics urbanists should deal with when creating an assisted living area. In this course we will make a design towards an assisted living area, according to the new developing ideas about it. If we want to prevent the necessity for seniors to move because of their health, we also have to make certain they will not move for other reasons such as accesi- bility, safety and social isolation. In this report we will discuss social safety, which also influences the other two topics. Social safety deals with for example escape routes, presence of people and attractiveness of the area. We believe that seniors can be involved in solving the problems on social safety in Oud-Charlois. We research those possibilities and take a look at how we can best shape the environment in a way that seniors are able to help with increasing the social safety. 7 8. 2.Approach2.1Goal2.2Strategy 8 9. 2.1GoalIn this course, we address two main topics: GPS and assisted living. We tracked 40 seniors with GPS devices and their movements arestudied. All seniors are from Oud Charlois in Rotterdam or nearby.Our goal is:Improve the social safety of the public space in Oud-Charlois by the participation of seniorsWe believe that seniors can be really helpful when solving the problem of social safety in Oud-Charlois. As can be read in the followingchapter, we do not ask a lot of the seniors. They simply can do what they always do on a regular day. But we will shape the conditions thatmay change their behaviour unconsiously.9 10. 2.1Goal2.2Strategy 10 11. 2.2Strategy To reach the goal, we define five questions to help us. Question V will derive the answer how to reach the goal. I What are the criteria for a social safe neighbourhood? Our aim is to work on the social safety of Oud Charlois. How can we reach a social safe area? What literature is there on this topic and therefore what criteria can we use? II What criteria are absent in Oud Charlois? If we answer this question, we know what problems we have to deal with. III Which of these criteria can be reached by our focus group of seniors? To reach our goal we need to answer this, because we will only include the participation of seniors for this goal. IV Which public areas of Oud Charlois need improvement? After these first answers, we can derive the public spaces that need improvement. V How can we improve these public areas? As an example we will make designs to improve some of the mentioned areas. To answer these questions we use different tools. An important one is the GPS. As mentioned, we tracked 40 seniors to look at their move- ment patterns. Of course, these patterns are not representative for the entire neighbourhood of Oud-Charlois. However, for this course it is interesting to learn how we can use this method when there would be hundreds of seniors tracked, which could happen in the future. There- fore we assume that these tracks are representative for all seniors of the neighbourhood. We do take into account the characteristics of the tracked seniors, more on that in paragraph 3.3. 11 12. 3.Research and 3 nDesign3.1 What are the criteria for a social safeneighbourhood?3.2What criteria are absent in Oud Char-lois?3.3Which of these criteria can be reachedby our focus goup of seniors?3.4Which public areas of Oud Charloisneed improvement?3.5How can we improve these publicplaces? 12 13. 3.1What are the criteria for a social safeneighbourhood? The following items are the criteria for a social safe neighbourhood. When we talk about social safety we talk about both the actual safety (crime rates, numbre of robberies etc) and the perception of safety (do people feel safe). First there is a list of the criteria in general, second we adapted this list specificly for Oud-Charlois. GeneralChecklist regarding social CharloisOud-Charloissafety Social safety checklist Social safety* criteriaSocial safety criteria *note: both actual safety as feeling of safety 1. Presence of other people 1.Presence of potential offender(perpretator) 2. Visibility 2.Presence of social eyes 3. Involvement/responsibility 3.Visibility 4. Attractiveness of the area 4.Involvement/responsibility 5. Accessibility 5.Attractiveness of the public space 6. Vulnerability of potential target 6.Accessibility/escape routes 7.Attractiveness of potential Criteria for social unsafety* target*note: both actual incidents as feeling of unsafety 8.Vulnerability of potential1. Presence of potential target offender (perpretator) Literature: Voordt, D.J.M., van der ,Sociaal Veilig Ontwerpen, checklist ten behoeve van het ontwikkelen en toetsen van (plannen voor) de gebouwde 2. Presence of potential target omgeving., Delft, 1990Gelegenheidstheorie - rational action theory 13 14. 3.1What are the criteria for a social safeneighbourhood? Now we zoom in on these criteria. What do these items mean exactly? Social safety criteria1.Presence of other people 5. Accessibility3- Formal surveillance (police, security guard) - entries to non-public areas are closed properly- Semi-informal surveillance (street coaches,- public areas accesible from several pointsshop owners, etc) - escape routes for potential victims- risk of getting caught as offenders- Informal surveillance (neighbours, passer-by)- Feeling of presence of other people 6. Vulnerability of potential target32.Visibility - people: physical (depends on age, gender)- Clear view within the public space - items: asshole proof design of street furnitureC- Sufficient street lights- Clear view from house to public space and vice versa33.Involvement/responsibility ofneighbourhoodr- Low moving tendency 1. Presence of potential of-- Design of public space in relation to users wishes- Ability to recognize co-users (scale) fender (perpretator)3- Stimulate use of collective space- Participation of residents in management of public space- age- Clearly define who is responsible for what- genderl- alcohol/drugs4. Attractiveness of the area- Design of public space in relation to users wishes 2. Presence of potential target3- Attractive colour & material usage- attractive street furniture - both people & items- good & regular maintenance of public space- presence of valuable itemsp- high concentration of potential targets 14 15. 3.1What are the criteria for a socialsafe neighbourhood?3.2What criteria are absent in OudCharlois?3.3Which of these criteria can bereached by our focus seniors?3.4Which public areas of Oud Char-lois need improvement?3.5How can we improve these publicplaces?15 16. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? asWe narrowed down our focus aarea to just the Northern part ofNie uw e MOud-Charlois, so we could bemore detailed in our research.n sh ave The Northern area is interesting Maabecause it consists of differentstreet typologies, the commercialcentre of Oud-Charlois and adiversity of deprived and less.z. nOFrandeprived building blocks.s Be kkerave strDorpsweg lh WaaWaa l- Zuidplein Haven Wiel AHOYe- waal Z u i d e r p ark Plein 1953scale 1:20000 16 17. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 1 Presence of other peopleThe presence of otherpeople is an importantaspect in social safety.When residents (informalsurveillance) are walkingin the street an offend-er feels that people arelooking at him, so he willthink twice before he acts.Formal surveillance con-sists of people that arepaid for surveilling or oth-er material arrangements.Examples ofinformal surveillancein Oud-CharloisExamples offormal surveillance in Oud-Charlois17 18. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 1 Presence of other peoplePedestrian densityLow pedestriandensityMid pedestriandensityHigh pedestriandensityExpectedpedestrianmovement 18 19. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 2. Visibility_Public places Street lights Visibility 1 Karel de Stouteplein open facade closed facade dikesufficient street lights scale 1:10000 good view from house to park and vice versa 2 Gouwpleinsufficient street lights scale 1:10000 closed facades cause bad visibility 3 Wolphaertse plein scale 1:10000 after school closure bad visibilityno street lights19 20. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 2. Visibility_Streets Street lights Visibility 1 Wolphaertsbocht sufficientbad on some spots: shed scale 1:5000 2 Frans Bekkerstraat sufficientbad: closed curtains + highered 1st floor scale 1:5000 20 21. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 3. Involvement/responsibility in the neighbourhoodMOBILITYThe proportion of residents within thedistrict or the district or moved away,as a percentage of the average popu-lation per block or cluster of blocks.Mobility rates (2009)>8% and 15% and 22%21 22. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois?expressive facade design4. Attractiveness ofthe area good maintenanceattractive streetfurniture22 23. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? anonymous facade design4. Attractiveness ofthe areabad maintenanceunattractivestreet furniture 23 24. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 5. Accessibility_Public places1 Karel de Stouteplein312great sense of accesibility/escape routes2 Gouwplein good sense of accesibility/escape routes3 ?? weak sense of accesibility/escape routes 24 25. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 5. Accessibility_Streets1 Wolphaertsbocht1 22 Frans Bekkerstraat 25 26. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 6. Vulnerability of potential target hufterproof design6. Vulnerability of potentialtargetprevention ofburglary or vandalism26 27. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? 5. Accessibility_Public places none. vulnerable design6. Vulnerability of potentialtarget easy to break-in/vandalisenone. 27 28. 3.2What criteria are absent in Oud-Charlois? Social safety criteria When we take a look again at the criteria we can mark them red, orange or green: respectively absent, absent at some places, or present. 1.Presence of other people5. Accessibility- Formal surveillance (police, security guard)- entries to non-public areas are closed properly- Semi-informal surveillance (street coaches, - public areas accesible from several pointsshop owners, etc)- escape routes for potential victims- Informal surveillance (neighbours, passer-by)- risk of getting caught as offender- Feeling of presence of other people 6. Vulnerability of potential target 2.Visibility - people: physical (depends on age, gender)- Clear view within the public space- items: asshole proof design of street furniture- Sufficient street lights- Clear view from house to public space and vice versa 3.Involvement/responsibility of Criteria for social unsafety neighbourhood- Low moving tendency 1. Presence of potential of-- Design of public space in relation to users wishes- Ability to recognize co-users (scale)- Stimulate the use of collective space- Creating opportunities for semi-public use of public space fender (perpretator)- age- gender 4. Attractiveness of the area- alcohol/drugs- Design of public space in relation to users wishes- Attractive colour & material usage- attractive street furniture2. Presence of potential target- good & regular maintenance of public space- both people & items- presence of valuable items- high concentration of potential targets28 29. 3.1What are the criteria for a socialsafe neighbourhood?3.2What criteria are absent in OudCharlois?3.3Which of these criteria can bereached by our focus seniors?3.4Which public areas of Oud Char-lois need improvement?3.5How can we improve these publicplaces?29 30. 3.3Which of these criteria can bereached by focus group of seniors? Profile of the tracked group LifestylesTracked group are in average1414 SmartAgent Active Seniors Green world54 socially active: & Yellow world1 ? group-oriented make a chat with neighbours live in Oud-Charlois for long time physically activeHow long havewalk for leisure oftenyou lived in the GPS activity radius: 16 way more than 500mneighbourhood? 128400-5yrs 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 >30yrsWhen we typify the seniors we tracked, we can Almost neverDo you often take a walk in Less than tell that they are active seniors. Most of them 6% once a weekthe neighbourhood?19% have lived in the area for a long time, so they69%feel involved. The often take a walk in the neigh-Regularly bourhood and have a talk with the people thatare around.How often do you have a smalltalk with people from yourThe lifestyle scheme shows a lot of green andclose neighbourhood?(almost) daily69%yellow, and less blue and red. This means the Weekly 23%following:A couple of times per month0%red - ego oriented, vital, dynamic A couple of times per month or less 4% green - group oriented, protection(almost) never 2% yellow - group oriented, harmony not applicable0% blue - ego oriented, control, statusPeople can select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%.30 31. 3.3Which of these criteria can bereached by focus group of seniors? Criteria that seniors can participate in SOLVABLE BY ACTIVE SENIORS 1.Presence of other people5. Accessibility- Formal surveillance (police, security guard)- entries to non-public areas are closed properly- Semi-informal surveillance (street coaches, - public areas accesible from several pointsshop owners, etc)- escape routes for potential victims- Informal surveillance (neighbours, passer-by)- risk of getting caught as offender- Feeling of presence of other people 6. Vulnerability of potential target 2.Visibility - people: physical (depends on age, gender)- Clear view within the public space- items: asshole proof design of street furniture- Sufficient street lightsSOLVABLE BY - Clear view from house to public space and vice versaACTIVE SENIORS 3.Involvement/responsibility of neighbourhood- Low moving tendencyOut of the six criteria active 1. Presence of potentialof-- Design of public space in relation to users wishes- Ability to recognize co-users (scale) seniors can participate in two- Stimulate the use of collective space- Creating opportunities for semi-public use of public space fender (perpretator)of them. The other four crite-- ageria can be solved by tangible- gender- alcohol/drugs not by people.solutions, 4. Attractiveness of the area- Design of public space in relation to users wishes- Attractive colour & material usage- attractive street furniture2. Presence of potential target- good & regular maintenance of public space- both people & items- presence of valuable items- high concentration of potential targets 31 32. 3.3Which of these criteria can bereached by focus group of seniors? Methods to derive information neededSOLVABLE BYACTIVE SENIORS1.Presence of other people MethodTopic- Formal surveillance (police, security guard)Questionnaire?Question 22- Semi-informal surveillance (street coaches, shop owners, etc) Gisweb 2.0 + sight seeing Locations of facilities- Informal surveillance (neighbours, passer-by) ArcMap GPS Tracks Density pedestrian maps- Feeling of presence of other people PhotosClosed curtains and blind wallsSOLVABLE BYACTIVE SENIORS3.Involvement/responsibility ofneighbourhoodMethod TopicMoving tendency- Low moving tendency Gisweb 2.0- Design of public space in relation to users wishesQuestionnarie + meetingsAdd. question #5- Ability to recognize co-users (scale) Questionnarie + meetingsQuestion 22- Stimulation use of collective space Gisweb 2.0Map of space ownership- Creating opportunities for semi-public use of public spacePhotosVisualiations space owner-32 33. 3.1What are the criteria for a socialsafe neighbourhood?3.2What criteria are absent in OudCharlois?3.3Which of these criteria can bereached by our focus seniors?3.4Which public areas of Oud Char-lois need improvement?3.5How can we improve these publicplaces?33 34. 3.4Which public areas of Oud-Char-lois need improvement? Methods to derive information needed for analysis SOLVABLE BY ACTIVE SENIORS1.Presence of other peopleMethodTopic - Formal surveillance (police, security guard)Questionnaire?Question 22 - Semi-informal surveillance (street coaches, shop owners, etc) Gisweb 2.0 + sight seeing Locations of facilities - Informal surveillance (neighbours, passer-by) ArcMap GPS Tracks Density pedestrian maps - Feeling of presence of other people PhotosClosed curtains and blind walls SOLVABLE BY ACTIVE SENIORS3.Involvement/responsibility ofneighbourhood Method Topic Moving tendency - Low moving tendency Gisweb 2.0 - Design of public space in relation to users wishesQuestionnarie + meetingsAdd. question #5 - Ability to recognize co-users (scale) Questionnarie + meetingsQuestion 22 - Stimulation use of collective space Gisweb 2.0Map of space ownership - Creating opportunities for semi-public use of public spacePhotosVisualiations space owner- 34 35. 3.4Which public areas of Oud-Char-lois need improvement? (Semi) Informal surveillance from buildings criterion 1 The spread of facilities in oud-charlois explains where the most semi- informal surveillance Faciliteiten(surveillance by Facilities (semi someone who is informal surveillance) close to the publicWoningen Houses (informalspace because of surveillance) his profession (shop owner, etc)) is taking place. In the grey areas some social safety is caused by the presence of inhabitants inside. For this reason, the surveillance in the wolphaertsbocht is higher than average, regardless of the street activity.scale 1:3000 35 36. 3.4Which public areas of Oud-Char-lois need improvement? Informal surveillance on street criterion 1The GPS data canbe used to measurethe actual informalsurveillance on thestreets. Becausepresence is only usefullwhen its possibleto intervene, thismap only shows softmode traffic (car andpublic transport use isexcluded).In our research we aremainly interested in theroutes the seniors take,than the destination ofthe trip.Lifestyle comparison inroutes (mainly green/yellow) didnt show anyremarkable results. scale 1:3000 36 37. 3.4Which public areas of Oud-Char-lois need improvement? Closed curtains criterion 1 For criteria 1: The Presence of other people, both people in and outside have a possitive influence on the feeling of safety. We stated that closed curtains occour more than average in oud-charlois than other neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. Although ofcourse you cannot demand people to lower their wishes for privacy, but the visibility from inside to outside is an important factor for the ammount of social control in a street. Asking participants for possible reasons, stated that it was mainly done by households with a non- dutch cultural background. 37 38. 3.4Which public areas of Oud-Char-lois need improvement? Neighbourhood signaling system criterion 3Combing the GPS layerwith the Neighbourhood-2.72