gpui[fspd; fUj;J f;f Sk; NahridfSk; - Citizens...

1 Gjpa murpayikg;gpw;fhd gpui[fspd; fUj;Jf;fSk; NahridfSk;

Gjpa murpayikg;gpw;fhd gpui[fspd;

fUj;Jf;fSk; NahridfSk;


mwpKfk;

rpwe;j murpay; mikg;ig cUthf;Ftjw;fhf nghJkf;fspd;

fUj;Jf;fis mwpAk; eltbf;iffspd; rhu;gpy;> murpayikg;igj;

jahupg;gjw;fhd fye;Jiuahlypy; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj 'murpay;

mikg;G khw;wj;jpw;fhd gpui[fspd; Kaw;rp" mu;g;gzpg;NghL

nraw;gl;lJ. ,jw;fika> gy;NtW fye;Jiuahly;fs; %yk;

kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; NahridfisAk; ngWtjw;fhf

njhlu;e;J Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW

gpuNjrq;fSf;F tp[ak; nra;J> ,ayf;$ba rfy

toptiffspYk; gpui[fisr; re;jpj;J> Gjpa murpay; mikg;Gg;

gw;wp mtu;fSf;F mwpt+l;b> mtu;fspd; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fisAk;

NahridfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nlhk;.

mNj rkak;> ,J njhlu;ghf Mu;tk; nrYj;Jk; gy gpui[fs;

'murpayikg;G khw;wj;jpw;fhd gpui[fspd; Kaw;rpf;F" jghy;

%yKk;> kpd;dQ;ry; %yKk;> fUj;Jf;fisAk; NahridfisAk;

Nrfupj;jJ.

mjw;fika Gjpa murpayikg;G vt;thW jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;?

vd ehl;bd; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J mDg;gg;gl;l

nghJkf;fs; fUj;Jf;fisAk; NahridfisAk; cs;slf;fpa

mwpf;if ,t;thW jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

nghJkf;fspd; ,f;fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Nahridfs; murpayikg;G

kWrPuikg;G gw;wpa nghJ kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisf; NfhUk;

FOtpdhy;> mtu;fSila NahridfisAk; gupe;JiufisAk;

jahupg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; vd ek;GfpNwhk;.

“murpayikg;G khw;wj;jpw;fhd gpui[fspd; Kaw;rp”


Kfthrfk;

1. ,yq;ifapd; gd;ikj;Jt fyhrhuk;> gy;tifik> murpay; gd;ikj;Jtk;

vd;gtw;iw Vw;W mq;fPfupf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp> mjpfhug; gq;fPL kw;Wk; khDl nfsutk; vd;gtw;iwg;

Ngzf;$ba tifapy; murpayikg;gpd; rfy Vw;ghLfSk;

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

3. ,yq;ifapy;; ve;jnthU kjj;jpw;Fk; ,dj;jpw;Fk; tpNrl ftdpg;G> my;yJ

rpwg;Gupikfisf; fhl;lhj> kjr; rhu;gw;w murhf> murpayikg;gpy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahtpl;lhy; ngsj;jk;>

fpwp];jtk;> ,e;J> ,];yhk; cl;gl NtW ve;j kjj;ijAk; rkkhff; ftdpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mNj rkak; ve;jnthU kjj;ijAk; topglhj egu;fisAk;; rkkhff;

ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Kiwik

1. ,jd;fPo; gpujkiu epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;ltuhf epakpg;gJ Nehf;fk;

my;y. gpujkiu Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;l xl;Lnkhj;j mikr;ruitf;F

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; fpilf;ff;$ba tifapy; ,J ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.

2. [dhjpgjp murpd; jiytuhf khj;jpuNk Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtu;

ghuhSkd;w kw;Wk; khfhzrig cWg;gpdu;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l thf;fhsu;

fy;Y}upapy; ,Ue;J njupTnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;>

3. [dhjpgjp ghuhSkd;wk; njhlu;ghf gf;fr;rhu;gw;w eilKiwapy; nraw;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

4. [dhjpgjp NeubahfNt ve;jnthU murpaw; fl;rpapdJk; nraw;ghl;lhsuhf

,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

5. [dhjpgjp Njrpa ey;ypzf;f Mizf;FOtpd;; jiyikj;;Jtj;jpw;F epakdk;

ngw Ntz;Lk;.

6. RahjPd Mizf;FOf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mNjrkak;> Nkw;gb Mizf;FOf;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; tpupthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j Mizf;FOf;fs; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;Gf; $Wk; tifapy;

Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c+k;: mur jpl;lkpLk; Mizf;FO>

fy;tp Mizf;FO> gy;fiyf;fof khdpa Mizf;FO> Rfhjhu Mizf;FO>

Rw;whly; Mizf;FO> ngz;fs; Mizf;FO> rpWtu; Mizf;FO>

tyJFiwe;Njhu; Mizf;FO

7. mur Clfq;fs; RahjPdkhf nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;ghf Clf

Mizf;FO ];jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak; mur kw;Wk; jdpahu;

Clfq;fspd; elj;ij njhlu;ghf Kiwrhu; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.


8. ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;Fk;> nkhopfSf;Fnkd epue;jukhd Mizf;FO epakpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. mjd;%yk; gpur;rpidfis MuhaTk;> mJ njhlu;ghd

fye;Jiuahliy cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ,J njhlu;ghf muRf;F MNyhrid

toq;fff;$ba tifapy; mJ jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Mizf;FOf;fs;

[dhjpgjpapd; jiyikapy; ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;.

9. ey;yhl;rpiag; NgZtjw;fhfTk;> rpWghd;ik ,dq;fspd; cupikfisg;

ghJfhg;gjw;fhfTk; [dhjpgjpf;F KOikahd mjpfhuk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

10. ngz;fs; kw;Wk; gps;isfs; njhlu;ghf tpNr~ Mizf;FO epakpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

11. mikr;Rr; nrayhsu;fisAk; kw;Wk; mur $l;Lj;jhgd jtprhsu;fisAk;>

ntspehLfSf;fhd J}Jtu;fisAk; epakpf;Fk;NghJ> Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

guPl;irfspy; mtu;fs; rpj;jpaile;jpUg;gNjhL> tpNrl jifikfspd;fPo;

Fwpg;gpl;l epakdq;fs; ghuhSkd;wr; nraw;FOtpd; Clhf gpNuupf;fg;gl;L

epakpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

12. mikr;ru;fspdJk;> ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspdJk; jdpg;gl;l gzpf;FOtpw;F

(nghJkf;fspd; tupg;gzj;jpy; guhkupf;fg;gLNthu;) jkJ cwtpdu;fis

cs;slf;FtJ jilnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

13. tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd tifaPl;bd;fPo; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fNshL cupa

mikr;Rf;fspd; vz;zpf;if jPu;khdpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd

msTNfhy;fs; epu;zapf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mikr;ruit me;j];Js;s

mikr;ru;;fspd;; vz;zpf;if ,Ugj;ije;jpw;Ff;(25) fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. gpujp

mikr;ru;fspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; ,Ugj;ije;jpw;F (25); Nkw;glf;$lhJ.

mikr;ruit mikr;ru;fshf 06 ngz;fs; epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

14. nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F xU rl;lj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F 3 khjq;fSf;F Kd;du;>

nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W> mJ jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak;

tu;j;jkhdg; gj;jpupifapy; mJ gpuRupf;fg;gl;l gpd;du; gjpehd;F (14) ehs;

fhyvy;iyf;Fs;; kPz;Lk; nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg;ngw mtfhrk;

mspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

15. murpay; uPjpahf fl;rp khWtij jilnra;a Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak; Neub

[dehaf Kiwikapd;;fPo; fl;rp khwpa murpay;thjpfs; kPz;Lk; njupthtij

nghJkf;fs; jPu;khdpf;f KbAk;.

16. murpay; fl;rpfspd; epjp fzf;fha;tpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak;

Nkwgb epjp njhlu;;ghd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; vd;gd cl;gl;l Vida

tplaq;fis Nju;jy; Mizf;FO ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

17. cl;fl;rp [dehafj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; mjw;F Vw;Gila

tplaq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


18. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspd; jdpg;gl;l gzpf;FOf;fspd; Nritf;F>

mtu;fSila cwtpdu;fis ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. ,e;j jdpg;gl;l

gzpf;FO kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;..

19. murpayikg;Gj; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;T fhz;gjw;fhd

murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wk; xd;W cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

20. ghuhSkd;wk; ,U rigfisf; nfhz;l rl;lthf;fr; rigahf mikaNtz;Lk;.

,uz;lhtJ cWg;gpdu; rig khfhzj;jpd; gpujpepjpfisAk;> fy;tpkhd;fisAk;

rptpy;r%fg; gpujpepjpfisAk; cs;slf;fp ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

21. “gpui[fs; FOf;fs;” vdg; ngauplg;gl;l mbkl;lj;jpy; cs;s [dehafg;

nghwpKiwia ];jhgpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;

gpupTf;Fk; xU gpui[fs; rigia cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;jg; gpuNjr

nrayfg; gpuptpy; thOk; gpui[fs;kPJ jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba

gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf> kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfSf;F mwpTWj;jNtz;Lk;. mJ

njhlu;ghf nraw;gLtjw;F gpui[fs; rigf;F mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhkPa kl;lj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffisg; gw;wpa

jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy; fpuhkPa kl;lj;jpyhd

nghwpKiwahf “gpui[fs; rigfis” mwpKfg;gLj;j KbAk;.

vj;jifa mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lhYk; mit

gaDWjpaw;wpUg;gjd; fhuzkhf> kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; mgptpUj;jpj;

jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gpui[fs; rigfis epu;khzpf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

muR mKy;gLj;Jk; epu;thf - mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs; vj;jifa

fl;likg;gpy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; > mit “fpuhkk;” vd;w myifNa

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.,q;F %d;W jug;gpdu; nraw;gLfpd;wdu;.

fpuhkPa r%fk;

Nrit epWtdq;fs;

muR

muRf;Fk; fpuhkPa r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cwT Nrit epWtdq;fspd;

ClhfNt fl;bnaOg;gg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> gy;NtW rpf;fy;fs; fhuzkhf

,it cupaKiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,tw;iw milahsk;

fhz;gJk; mtrpakhd gupfhuq;fisf;fhZk; Mw;wy; gpui[fs; rigf;F

cz;L.

gpui[fs; rigfs; vd;gd> fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s gy;NtW rq;fq;fs; $l;lhf

,ize;J cUthf;fpf; nfhz;l xU fl;likg;ghFk;. fpuhk mgptpUj;jpr;

rq;fq;fs;> kuz cjtpr; rq;fq;fs;> khju; rq;fq;fs;> ,isQu; rq;fq;fs;>

tptrhar; rq;fq;fs;> rpWtu; rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fld;toq;Fk; rq;fq;fs; Mfpa

gy;NtW rq;fq;fs; fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLk; mNjNtis Nkw;gb

midj;Jr; rq;fq;fspd; midj;J cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSk; mtw;wpd; gpujpepjpfSk;

$l;lhf ,ize;J gpui[fs; rigia cUthf;Ffpd;wdu;. gpui[fs; rig

FOf;fshfTk; gpd;gUk; tplaj;JiwfSf;F mikthf tpuptilfpd;wJ.


ey;yhl;rp (ey;yhl;rpf;FO)

Rw;whlYk; kdpjDk; (Rw;whly; FO)

ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; (ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; FO)

,isQu; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; (,isQu;fs; FO)

kdpj nfsutk; kw;Wk; nkhop> fyhrhug; gd;ikj;Jtk; (nkhop kw;Wk;

fyhrhuf; FO)

gpui[fs; rigapd; Ml;rpf; FOtpw;F jiytu;> Jizj; jiytu;> nrayhsu;>

Jizr; nrayhsu;> nghUshsu;> nraw;FO cWg;gpdu;fs; vd;Nghu; njupT

nra;ag;gLtu;. mNjrkak;> Nkw;gb Ie;J FOf;fSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf jiytu;>

nrayhsu;> nghUshsu; MfpNahu; njupTnra;ag;gLtu;. mtu;fs; Ml;rpf;

FOit gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

gpui[fs; rigapd; MNyhridf; FOthf fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;> ghlrhiy

mjpgu;> kjj; jiytu;fs;> rkhjhd ePjthd;fs; kw;Wk; Ml;rpf;FO gpNuupf;Fk;

gpuKfu;fisAk; njupTnra;a KbAk;.

fpuhkPa mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fisj; jahupj;jy;> mtw;wpw;fhd fUj;Jf;fisg;

ngWjy; kw;Wk; mtjhdpj;jy; Mfpa tplaq;fs; gpui[fs; rigapd; Clhf

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

mjpfhug; gfpu;T njhlu;ghdit

1. rpq;fs ngsj;j kf;fspd; cupikfs; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNj

rkak; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; cs;s tpNrl jd;ikiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L>

K];ypk; kf;fs; cl;gl Vida rpWghd;ik ,dq;fspd; cupikfSk;

Ngzg;glf;$ba tifapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpd; nraw;ghL mika Ntz;Lk;.

2. rkhe;jpukhd jd;ikia Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tNjhL> khfhz rigfspd;

tplaq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf $ba re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

3. nghJkf;fspd; epjpia Nrfupj;jy; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik tha;e;jjhfTk;> [dehaf

uPjpahfTk; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. murpd; epjp khjpup tbtk;

[dehafkag;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

4. 13MtJ murpayikg;gpw;fhd jpUj;jj;jpy; cs;s FiwghLfSf;F gupfhuk;fz;L>

mjpfhug; gfpu;tpy; gz;GuPjpahd tsu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

5. khfhz rig mikr;ru;fspd; vz;zpf;if Vohf(07) kl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

mNjrkak; ,t; mikr;Rf;fspy; ,uz;L (02) ngz;fSk; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

6. khfhz murNrit kw;Wk; kj;jpa murNritapy; cs;s Kuz;ghLfis ePf;fp

xU mur Nritahf khw;wpaikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis

njupTnra;Ak; Kiwrhu; eltbf;ifiaj; jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak;> mur

Nritf;F murpay; epakdq;fisr; nra;tijj; jtpu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

7. epjp Mizf;FO kj;jpa tq;fpapdJk;;> epjp mikr;rpdJk; fl;Lg;ghl;bdfPo;

nraw;glhky; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; nghWg;Gf; $wNtz;Lk;.


8. khfhz MSeu;fisj; njupTnra;Ak;NghJ [dhjpgjp> gpujku;> vjpu;fl;rpj; jiytu;> rghehafu; cl;gl;l xU FOtpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. MSeupd; mjpfhuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL kf;fs; gpujpepjpfSf;F $Ljyhd mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

9. khfhz rigfisAk; kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;> gy;NtW tplaq;fis cs;slf;ff; $ba tifapy; FOf;fs; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c+k;: fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> ngz;fs; kw;Wk;

khfhz rigfspYk;> cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspYk; MSk;fl;rp> vjpu;f;;fl;rp cWg;gpdu;fs; kw;Wk; gpui[fs; rigfspdJk; cWg;gpdu;fs; vd;Nghuhy; FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

10. cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf khfhz rig tplaj;jpd;fPo; cs;s xU mikg;ghf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,ad;wtiu kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdJk;> khfhz rigfspdJk; tpUg;gpd; Ngupy; ,tw;iw nraw;gLj;jf; $lhJ.

mbg;gil cupikfs; njhlu;ghdit

1. mbg;gil cupikfisg; gw;wpa mj;jpahaj;jpy; ru;tNjr rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; cupikfs; njhlu;ghd rkthaj;jpy; cs;s kl;lj;jpw;NfDk; tYg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

2. thOk; cupik> fy;tpf;fhd cupik> Rfhjhuj;jpw;fhd cupik vd;gd mbg;gil cupikfshf Vw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL jfty;fis mwpAk; cupikia tpupthf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. tpNrl re;ju;g;gq;fspd;NghJ fUr;rpijT Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F cs;s cupikia Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

4. kdpj cupikfs; kPwg;gLk;NghJ kdpj cupikfs; Mizf;FOtpd; mjpfhuq;fs; tYt+l;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5. taJ 16f;Fk; – 18f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;> ngz;fs; kPjhd ghypay; ty;YwT njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fspy; cs;s FiwghLfs; eptu;j;jp nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. 18 tajpw;Ff; Fiwe;j xU ngz; gps;isahfNt Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

6. rfy mur epWtdq;fspdJk; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; Kiwrhu; eltbf;iffs; Clhf kdpj cupikfs; njhlu;ghf mwpt+l;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

7. mbg;gil cupikfs; njhlu;ghd tof;Ffis khfhz kl;lj;jpyhd Nky; ePjpkd;wq;fspYk; tof;Fj; jhf;fy; nra;Ak; cupik toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

8. ,zf;fr; rigfis NkYk; tYt+l;b mjpfhuk; nfhz;l rigfshf cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.

9. mur nfhs;iffisAk;> mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; cs;slf;fg;gl;l 6 MtJ mj;jpahak; czT> tPlikg;G> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp vd;gd toq;fg;gLtjhf 27Mk; cWg;Giuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lhYk; mJ 29 Mk; cWg;Giu%yk; epuhfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ Neubahd nghWg;G ,y;iynad;gjhFk;.

10. ,jw;Fg; gupfhukhf 1980,y; ,yq;if ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;s nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr rkthaj;ij ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; xU rl;lkhf mq;fPfupf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ 27Mk; cWg;Giuia mKy;gLj;Jk; nghWg;G Vw;gLk;.


Nju;jy;Kiw njhlu;ghdit

1. epue;ju Nju;jy; ehl;fhl;b xd;iw mwpKfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

2. ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jiy Fwpg;gpl;l xU jpdj;jpy; elj;j Ntz;Lk;.

3. tpfpjhrhu KiwAk;> njhFjpthup KiwAk; fye;j fyg;Gj; Nju;jy; Kiw

jFjpahdJ.

4. tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd mbg;gilapd;fPo; (Gtpapay; kw;Wk; rdj;njhifapd;

mbg;gilapy;) vy;iy epu;zak; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5. Nju;jy;fspd;NghJ nghJkf;fshy; epuhfupf;fg;gLk; Ntl;ghsu;fs; Njrpa

gl;baypd;fPo; epakpf;fg;glf; $lhJ.

6. cl;fl;rp [dehafj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Nju;jy;fspd;NghJ Ntl;ghsu;fis njupT

nra;tjw;F fl;rp cWg;gpdu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

7. Nju;jy;fspd;NghJ ngz;fspdJk;> ,isQu;fspdJk; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gq;fPl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ];;jhgpf;f Ntz;Lk;

(ngz;fs; 25% ,isQu;fs; 25%). 8. khtl;l mbg;gilapy; njupT nra;ag;gLk; cWg;gpdu;fspd; gl;bay; Kd;Dupikf;F

mika ngau; Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;gpl;l fl;rpapd; nrayhsUf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s jw;WzpG ePf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

9. murpayikg;Gf;F mika rfy Nju;jy;fSk; elj;jNtz;ba ehl;fs; rl;lg+u;tkhf

epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak; mjw;fhd ehl;fhl;bAk; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

murpay; mjpfhupapd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F mika Nju;jYf;fhd jpfjpia epu;zapj;jy;

,lk;ngwf; $lhJ.

10. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;fhd newpKiwf; Nfhitia mwpKfk; nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

11. Nju;jy; thf;FWjpfis kPWk; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fis kPs miof;Fk;

cupikia kf;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;

12. Njrpag; gl;baYf;fhd cWg;gpdu;fspd; njupT kf;fspd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy;

,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk.;

13. Nju;jy; Mizf;FO NkYk; tYt+l;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

nghJg; gpur;rpidfs;

gy;NtW khfhzq;fspYk; thOk; gpui[fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; xUrpy gpur;rpidfs; fPNo

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;wpw;F murpayikg;G uPjpapyhd jPu;Tfisf; fhz;gJ

nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fspd; flikAk; nghWg;GkhFk;.

01. fhzpfs;

,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW khfhzq;fspy; thOk; gpui[fs; fhzpfs; njhlu;ghf gy;NtW

Njitg;ghLfis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;. mtu;fspd; Njitfs; gd;ikj;Jtk;

nfhz;lit. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; thOk; gpui[fspd; fhzpfs;

njhlu;e;Jk; ,uhZtg; gilfspdhy; RtPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vdNt> mq;FthOk;

gpui[fs; gy;NtW f~;lq;fis vjpu;Nehf;fp cs;sdu;. kiyafj;jpd;

Njhl;lg;Gwq;fspy; thOk; gpui[fs; mtu;fs; thOk; fhzpfspd; cupikiag;

ngWtJ njhlu;e;Jk; xU gpur;rpidahfNt cs;sJ.


fhzpfis ,uhZtk; RtPfupj;jpUj;jy;

tTdpah> kd;dhu;> aho;g;ghzk;> kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy> fpspnehr;rp

kw;Wk; Ky;iyj;jPT Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; mNdfkhd nghJkf;fspd;

fhzpfs; ,uhZt Kfhk;fshfg; guhkupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; fhuzkhf

kf;fs; gy;NtW f~;lq;fis vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;sdu;. rpyUf;F fhzp cj;juTg;

gj;jpuq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; ,uhZtk; mtw;iw gyte;jkhf ifafg;gLj;jp

cs;sd. mNjrkak; Nghu;f; fhyj;jpy; iftplg;gl;Ls;s fhzpfspy; fhLfs;

tsu;e;Js;sNjhL kPz;Lk; Kd;ida tjpthsu;fs; mf;fhzpfSf;F tUif

jUk;NghJ td ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsk; ,f; fhzpfis fhLfs; vd

milahsk; fhl;b kf;fs; tPLfs; mikg;gij jLj;J cs;sd. Cuzp

Nghd;w fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; ,e; epiyikiaf;

fhzKbAk;. ,e;j epiyikfSf;Fj; jPu;thf kf;fspd; fhzpfs; kf;fSf;Nf

xg;gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fhzp cWjpfSk; cj;juTg; gj;jpuq;fSk; ,y;yhik

Fwpg;ghf tlf;F fpof;Fg; gpuNjrq;fspy; kf;fs; ,g; gpur;rpidfis

vjpu;Nehf;fp cs;sdu;. Aj;j fhyj;jpy; epytpa gpd;dzp fhuzkhf fhzp

cWjpfSk; cj;juTg; gj;jpuq;fSk; fhzhkw; NghAs;sd. tTdpah>

kd;dhu;> fpspnehr;rp> kl;lf;fsg;G kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w

khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;epiyik cf;fpukile;J fhzg;gLfpwJ.

kj;jpa kw;Wk; Cth khfhzq;fspy; ngUe;Njhl;lg; gFjpfspYk; ,g;

gpur;rpidia mjpf mstpy; milahsk; fhzKbAk;. gJis> khj;jis>

EtNuypah> nkhduhfiy kw;Wk; fk;gis Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspYk;

guk;giuahf cupik nfhz;lhba fhzpfSf;Fk; Njhl;lf; fhzpfSf;Fk;

fhzp cWjpfNsh my;yJ cj;juTg; gj;jpuq;fNsh toq;fg;gltpy;iy.

mdu;j;jq;fSf;F Kfk;nfhLf;Fk; mr;RWj;jy;fs;

gJis> EtNuypah kw;Wk; fk;gis Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; fhzpfs; kz;rupT

mr;RWj;jy;fSf;F Kfk;nfhLj;Js;sd. kz;rupT Vw;gl;Ls;s rpy

fhzpfSf;fhf khw;Wf; fhzpfs; toq;fg;glTkpy;iy.

Jizf; FLk;gq;fSf;fhd fhzp ,d;ik

,g;gpur;rpid Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l rfy gpuNjrq;fspYk;; ,yq;ifapd; mNdfkhd

gpuNjrq;fspYk; epyTk; xU epiyikahFk;.

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l cs;@uhl;rp mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa murhq;fq;fs; ,k;

kf;fSf;F fhzp cWjpfisNah my;yJ cj;juTg; gj;jpuq;fisNah toq;ftpy;iy.

,J ghupastpy; kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpw;F rupahdnjhU jpl;lk; ,d;ikf;F fhuzkhf

mikfpwJ.

,e; epiyik kj;jpa kw;Wk; Cth Mfpa khfhzq;fspYk; kj;jpa kiyehl;bYk;

thOk; njhopyhsu;fSf;fhd xU nghJg; gpur;rpidahFk;. mtu;fisr; rhu;e;j

FLk;gq;fs; Rkhu; 200 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf mtu;fs; thOk; fhzpfspy; tho;e;Jk;>

njhopy;nra;Jk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; fhzp cupik njhlu;ghd Mtzq;fs; mtu;fSf;F

toq;fg;gltpy;iy. fz;b> khj;jis> EtNuypah> gJis Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy;

Vuhskhd njhopyhsu;fs; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;.


02. tPLfs;

ehL g+uhTk; kf;fs; tPl;L trjp ,y;yhj gpur;rpidia vjpu;Nehf;fp cs;sdu;. tlf;F

fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; tPl;L trjp ,y;yhg; gpur;rpidiaAk;> kPsf;FbNaWk;

gpur;rpidiaAk; ikakhf itj;J gy rpf;fy;fis vjpu;Nehf;fp cs;sdu;. kj;jpa

kw;Wk; Cth khfhzq;fspy; Njhl;l kf;fspd; tPLfs; kpff; Fiwe;j trjpfs;nfhz;l

rPu;Nflhd tPLfshfTk;> yad; fhk;guhf;fshfTk; njhlu;e;J epyTfpd;wd.

kPsf; FbNaWk; gpur;rpidfs;

Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; kPsf;

FbNaw;Wk;NghJ mtu;fSila tPLfs; cupa Kiwapy; rPuikj;Njh my;yJ

jpUj;jpNah ,y;yhik ghupa gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ. tlf;F fpof;F

khfhzq;fspd; mNdfkhd khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;epiyikiaf; fhzKbAk;.

Njhl;lg; Gwq;fisr; rhu;e;j tPLfspd; gpur;rpidfs;

Njhl;lg; Gwq;fisr; rhu;e;j kf;fspd; yad; fhk;guhf;fspd; gpur;rpidfs;

gJis> EtNuypah> nkhduhfiy> khj;jis> ,uj;jpdGup> Nffhiy kw;Wk;

njdpaha Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,lg;

gw;whf;Fiw> kpd;rhuk;> ePu; kw;Wk; kyry$l trjpfs; ,y;yhik> yad;

fhk;guhf;fshy; mike;j Njhl;lg;Gw tPLfspdhy; gpur;rpidfs;

cf;fpukile;Js;sd.

Jizf; FLk;gq;fSf;F tPLfs; ,y;yhik

EtNuypah> gJis nkhduhfiy> khj;jis> ,uj;jpdGup> Nffhiy kw;Wk;

njdpaha Mfpa kiyafg; gpuNjrq;fisnahl;b mike;Js;s yad; fhk;guh

tPLfspy; thOk; kf;fs; ,g;gpur;rpidfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

mNjrkak; ,yq;ifapd; Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; Jizf; FLk;gq;fSf;fhd

tPLfs; ,y;yhj gpur;rpidiaAk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

Fbir tPLfs; nfhOk;G efiu mz;kpj;j mNdf ,lq;fspy; Fbirfs; (Nrupg;Gw tPLfs;)

vd;gtw;iwf; fhzKbfpwJ. mNjrkak; ,yq;ifapd; rfy fpuhkpa

gpuNjrq;fspYk; Fbir tPLfspd; gpur;rpid cf;fpukile;J tUfpwJ.

03. Rw;whly; gpur;rpid

ehl;bd; gy gpuNjrq;fspy; gy;NtW Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfs; epyTfpd;wd. fhlopj;jy;>

<uypg;ghd gpuNjrq;fs; mopf;fg;gLjy;> Kiwrhuh tifapy; Fg;ig $sq;fis

mfw;Wjy; ,q;F kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tfpf;fpwJ.

,yq;ifapd; midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; fhlopg;ig mjpf mstpy;

milahsk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. mNjrkak; kiy rhu;e;j

gpuNjrq;fspy; Kiwaw;w gapu;r;nra;if fhuzkhf kz;rupTfs;

mjpfupj;Js;sd.


ehl;bd; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s xU gpur;rpid kf;fspd;

Efu;tpw;fhf jFjpahd ePu; fpilf;fhikahFk;.

,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs; Vw;gLk;NghJ nghJkf;fs; Kiwg;ghLfs;gw;wp cldbj;

jPu;TfisNah my;yJ khw;W eltbf;iffisNah Nkw;nfhs;s Kbahky;

cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fSk;> khfhz rigfSk; jpwikaw;wdthf

,Uf;fpd;wd. nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLk;NghJ tlf;fpy; thOk; kf;fSf;F

epthuzq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mNjrkak; gpuNjrj;jpd; tbfhy;

njhFjpfs; ngUf;nfLj;J XLtjdhYk; mit rupahd epakq;fSf;F mika

fl;lg;glhikAk; fhuzkhf ,g; gpuNjrq;fspy; nts;sg;ngUf;F cr;r

fl;lj;ij milfpd;wd.

mNjrkak; tdtpyq;Ffshy; Vw;gLk; mr;RWj;jy; fhuzkhf tpgj;Jf;F

cs;shfpAs;s gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F ghJfhg;Ngh my;yJ

tho;thjhuNkh cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;glhikahy;> gy;NtW njhy;iyfis

mtu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;fp cs;sdu;. mk;ghiw> ikaq;fid> mDuhjGuk;>

nghydWit> nkhduhfiy kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiy Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy;

thOk; kf;fspd; tptrhaf; fhzpfSk;> gapu;fSk;> tPLfSk;

mopf;fg;gLfpd;wd mj;Jld; ahidfspd; mr;RWj;jy;fSf;F

cs;shf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fpof;F kw;Wk; Cth khfhzq;fspYk; ,J xU

nghJthd tplakhFk;. rpwpa fpuhkq;fs; ghJfhg;ghd kpd;rhu Ntypfshy;

ghJfhf;fg;gltpy;iy.

04. Rfhjhuk;

Rfhjhuk; vd;gJ mNdfkhNdhiug; ghjpf;Fk; Xu; mbg;gil gpur;rpidahFk;.

,tw;Ws; rpWePufg; ghjpg;G gpur;rpid ghuJ}ukhd xU gpur;rpidahFk;.

Kiwaw;w tifapy; Fg;ig $sq;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jtjpdhy; Neha;fs;

tpahgpf;fpd;wd.

,jid gJis> fk;gis> khj;jis Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; cf;fpukhff;

fhzKbAk;. ,yq;ifapy; mNdfkhd efuq;fspy; ,e;epiyikia

milahsk; fhzKbAk;. mNjrkak; gJis> khj;jis kw;Wk; `w;wd; Mfpa

kiyafg ; gpuNjrq;fspy; yad; fhk;guh tPLfis mz;kpj;J ,e;epiyikiaf;

fhzKbfpwJ.

tsq;fs; ,y;yhik ,q;F Rfhjhuj;Jiwapd; kdpj tsq;fisg; NghyNt ngsjPf tsq;fspd;

gw;whf;FiwiaAk; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; milahsk; fhzKbAk;.

itj;jpau;fs;> gzpahsu;fs; gw;whf;Fiw NghyNt itj;jparhiyfspy;

Ma;T$l trjpfs;> kUe;Jfs; my;yJ NtW trjpfs; ,y;yhik ghupa

gpur;rpidahFk;. khj;jis> `_d;d];fpupa> gJis> EtNuypah Mfpa

kiyafg; gpuNjrq;fspy; itj;jparhiyfs; ,y;yhik NghyNt

eilKiwapy; cs;s itj;jparhiyfs; cupaKiwapy; guhkupf;fg;glhik>

NtW trjpfs; ,y;yhik fhuzkhfTk; fe;jis> tTdpah> kd;dhu;>

fpspnehr;rp Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; Nkw;gb tplaq;fisf; fhzf;$bajhf

cs;sJ.


05. ngz;fspd; gpur;rpid

tpjitg; ngz;fs;

ehLg+uhTk; jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fspd; gpur;rpid ghupa gpur;rpidahf

khwpAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; ngz;fs; jiyik

jhq;Fk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Js;sd. ghupastpy; Nkhjy;

fhuzkhf MAjg; gilfspy; ngz;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lik> Nghu;

fhuzkhf Mz;fspd; capupog;G vd;gd fhuzkhfNt ,e; epiyik

Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;fika fpspnehr;rp> kd;dhu;> tTdpah jpUNfhzkiy

kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; tpjitg; ngz;fspd; gpur;rpidfis

milahsk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

ngz;fs; J~;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshjy;

ngz;fs; Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fk;> J~;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fk; Mshjy; kw;Wk; mJ

njhlu;ghd rk;gtq;fspd; vz;zpf;if fle;j gy Mz;Lfspy; mjpfupj;Js;sd.

kiyafg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; Njhl;lq;fis mz;kpj;j gpuNjrq;fspYk;>

nkhduhfiy> mk;ghiw Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspYk; ,e; epiyikiaf;

fhzKbAk;.

Gyk;ngau;jy;

,J ehL g+uhTk; fhzf;$ba Kf;fpa gpur;rpidahFk; ,e;j ehl;by; jFjpahd

njhopy;nra;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; ,d;ikahYk;> Vo;ik fhuzkhfTk; mjpf

mstpyhd ngz;fs; Gyk;ngau epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mtu;fspd;

FLk;gq;fspy; gy;NtW nghUshjhu r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; cf;fpukile;Js;sd.

ngz;fs; Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fk;> J~;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fk; cs;shf;fg;gLjy; fhuzkhf

mtu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vz;zpf;iffSk;> rk;gtq;fSk; mjpfupj;Js;sd. ,it

Mz;LNjhWk; mjpfupj;Js;sd. tPl;L td;Kiwfisg; nghWj;jtiu ,tw;iwj;

jLg;gjw;fhf cWjpahd Vw;ghLfs; fpilahJ.

06. rpWtu;fspd; gpur;rpidfs;

rpWtu;fs; njhlu;ghd gy;NtW gpur;rpidfs; gy;NtW Jiwfs;%yk; tpupthf;fk;

ngw;Ws;sd.

fy;tp

ehl;bd; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s nghUshjhu gpur;rpidfs; fhuzkhf

ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia ,ilapy; iftpLfpd;wdu;. Njhl;lg;Gwq;fspYk; epiyik

,JNt. nkhduhfiy> mk;ghiw khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;epiyik mjpfupj;Jf;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNjrkak; fpuhkPa ghlrhiyfspy; cs;s Fiwe;j trjpfs;>

Mrpupau;fspd; gw;whf;Fiw vd;gd fhuzkhf cupa fy;tpia gps;isfs;

ngwKbahJs;sJ.

J~;gpuNahfq;fs;

gps;isfs; gy;NtW J~;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fk;> Nghijt];JfSf;Fk; mjpfkhf

mbikahtJ mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ. Fbg;gof;fj;jpw;FmbikahFk; Nghf;F

Njhl;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mjpfsT fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNjrkak; ngw;Nwhu;

Gyk;ngau;e;J ntspehLfSf;F njhopy;ehbr; nry;tjd; fhuzkhf FLk;gj;jpy;

cs;s tsu;e;Njhu;fspdhYk;> maytu;fspdhYk; gps;isfs; J~;gpuNahfj;jpw;F


Mshfpd;wdu;. ,yq;ifapd; mNdfkhd gpuNjrq;fspy; gps;isfs; gy;NtW

Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;.

guhakilahNjhupd; jpUkzq;fs;

,g; gpur;rpid fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; gy;NtW ,dj;Jt FOkq;fSf;fpilNa

fpuhkq;fspy; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. mk;ghiw> nkhduhfiy Nghd;w

gpuNjrq;fspy; guhakilahNjhu; jpUkz ge;jq;fspy; <LgLk; vz;zpf;if

mjpfupj;j tz;zk; cs;sJ. yh`{fy kw;Wk; ehtyb Nghd;w fpuhkPag;

gpuNjrq;fspy; ,J mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjrkak; kiyehl;bd;

ngUe;Njhl;lq;fisr; rhu;e;Jk; guhakilahNjhupd; jpUkzq;fs;

mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sd.

07. fy;tp

fy;tp njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs; gy;NtW njhdpg;nghUl;fisr; Rw;wp mjpfupj;jtz;zk;

cs;sd. mjhtJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l tsq;fs; (efuj;jpYk; fpuhkq;fspYk;

ghlrhiyfspd; tsq;fs; epahakw;w Kiwapy; gfpug;gLjy;) ghlrhiyfSf;fhd

Nkhrkhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gpur;rpidfs;> Mrpupau;fspd; tpidj;jpwd; ,d;ik>

Ml;Nru;j;jy; kw;Wk; nkhopj;jilfs; fhuzkhf fw;gpj;jy; fw;wy; gpur;rpidfs;

mjpfupj;Js;sd.

tsq;fspd; gw;whf;Fiw tsg;gw;whf;Fiw ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW fpuhkPag; gpuNjrq;fspy; epyTk; nghJg;

gpur;rpidahFk;. vdNt fy;tpf;F mtrpakhd trjpfs;> ngsjPf tsq;fs;

gw;whf;Fiwiag; NghyNt me;je;j ghltplaq;fSf;Fj; jFjptha;e;j

Mrpupau;fspd; gw;whf;FiwAk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. EtNuypah> khj;jis>

`w;wd;> gJis Nghd;w kiyafg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; ,e;epiyikiaf;

fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. mk;ghiw> nkhduhfiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> tTdpah>

aho;g;ghzk;> fpspnehr;rp> kd;dhu;> Cu;fhtw;Jiw Nghd;w ,lq;fspYk;

,g;gpur;rpid mjpf cf;fpukile;Js;sd.

Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gpur;rpidfs; NkNyhl;lkhf Nehf;Fifapy; ,J fy;tpNahL njhlu;gw;w gpur;rpidahfj;

Njhd;wpdhYk; mNdfkhd fpuhkPag; gpuNjrq;fspy; epyTk; gw;whf;Fiw

fhuzkhf Neufhyj;jpw;F gps;isfisg; NghyNt Mrpupau;fSf;Fk;

ghlrhiyf;F tUif juKbahj fhuzj;jpdhy; gy gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.

Nkw;$wpa gpuNjrq;fisg; NghyNt ehl;bd; Vida gpuNjrq;fspYk;

,e;epiyik epyTfpwJ.

Nkw;gb midj;Jg; gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; murpayikg;gpd; %yk; jPu;T toq;Ftjw;F

ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


NtW Nahridfs;

rl;lkh mjpgu; jpizf;fsk; RahjPdkhd epWtdk; my;y. mJ kf;fSf;F Nrit nra;tjpy;iy. mJ rk;gsk; ngWk; Nrit ehLduhd murhq;fj;jpd; rhu;gpy; mbtUbj;jdk; nra;Ak; epWtdk; MFk;. ,Jgw;wp ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,isQu;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk;> mtu;fSf;Fupa ,lk; cupj;jhf;fg;gLk;> mtu;fspd; njhopy; gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;T toq;fg;gLk; ,isQu;fSf;fhd rl;lq;fs;/ epajpr;rl;lq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fshfpa mikr;ru;fspd; Clhf njhopy; toq;Fk; Kiwikf;Fg; gjpyhf Nghl;bg; guPl;ir %yk; njhopy;fSf;Fj; jFjpahNdhu; njupTnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nghl;bg; guPl;ir Kiwikia eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs;> mikr;ru;fs; rl;lthf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghuhSkd;w eltbf;iffSf;fhf khj;jpuk; jk;ik tiuaWj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Vida mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;fhf (njUf;fis epu;khzpj;jy;> ghyq;fisf; fl;Ljy; kw;Wk; fl;blq;fis epu;khzpj;jy;) ,ilaPLfis nra;af;$lhJ. ,J khfhz rig cWg;gpdu;fspd; rhu;gpYk; mKyhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

ve;jnthU ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdUf;Fk; gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l epjpapy; ,Ue;J epjp xJf;fPL nra;af;$lhJ. mNjrkak; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F khj;jpuk; nghWg;Gtha;e;j epWtdq;fSf;F epjp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

khfhz rig kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; fl;rpia khw;Wtjhapd; vz;zpf;ifapy; 50 f;Ff; FiwahNjhu; mt;thwhf fl;rp khwNtz;Lk;. nghJ Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mj;jifa fl;rpkhWk; eltbf;iffs; epahakhdit vd ,jd;%yk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j vz;zpf;if FiwAk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mtu;fspd; ghuhSkd;w kw;Wk; khfhz rig cWg;gpdu; gjtpfs; ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. FWfpafhy ed;ikfs; my;yJ jdpegu; Njitfs; kPJ ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; jkJ fl;rpfisf; iftplf; $lhJ.

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; %yk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLk; rl;ljpl;lq;fs;> Nkw;gb rl;lq;fspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s tifapy; mKyhf;fg;gLtNjhL mt;thwpd;wp> mj;jifa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; mKyhf;fg;glhjjd; %yk; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jPa tpisTfis jLg;gjw;F ePjpkd;w eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ> Neuk;> epjp nrytplg;gLk; fhuzj;jpdhy;> vJtpj nryTkpd;wp jf;f fhuz fhupaq;fis Kd;itg;gjd;%yk; khj;jpuk; Nkw;gb rl;ljpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F RahjPdkhd epWtdq;fs; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c+k;: gzpf;nfhilr;rl;lk;> murpayikg;gpw;fhd 13 MtJ jpUj;jk;.

Njrpa ,dk;> kjk; Mfpatw;wpd; ngaupy; ve;jnthU murpaw;fl;rpAk; gjpT nra;ag;glf; $lhJ. mj;jifa fl;rpfs; jilnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Njrpak;


,yq;if vd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mNjNeuj;jpy; ve;jtpj mur gbtq;fspYk; mijtpl Ntnwhd;iwAk; vjpu;ghu;f;ff; $lhJ.

,dthj Nkhjy;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; ciufis epfo;j;Jjy;> ftpijfisAk; ghly;fisAk; ghLjy;> mjw;F mDruiz toq;Fjy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspYk; <LgLNthUf;F tho;ehs; rpiwj;jz;lid toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak; mtu;fspd; midj;Jr; nrhj;Jf;fSk; muRlikahf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

khfhz rigf;Nfh my;yJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Nfh Nghl;bapLk; Ntl;ghsu; f.ngh.j. cau;jug; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jpUg;gJ Mff; Fiwe;j jifikahf fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;F Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapLk; Ntl;ghsu;fs; f.ngh.j. rhjhuz jug; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Ntl;ghsu;fs; VjhtnjhU ehspy; ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; Fw;wthspfnsd milahsk; fz;bUg;gpd; me; egu; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl KbahJ. Ntl;ghsu;fspd; r%f nraw;ghL gw;wpAk; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

gpuNjr rigfs;> khfhz rigfs; kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; njupTnra;ag;gl;L rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;tjw;F Kd;du; mtu;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fs; gw;wp mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak; tUlhtUlk; mtu;fSila nrhj;Jf;fs; guprPyid nra;tjw;fhd RahjPd egu;fs; mlq;fpa fzf;fha;Tj;Jiw mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

rl;lthf;f rigfspd; jtprhsu; cl;gl nghWg;G tha;e;j mjpfhupfis epakpf;Fk; NghJ mjw;Fj; Njitahd jFjp tha;e;Njhu; khj;jpuNk fl;lhakhf cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fspd; epakdq;fs; murpay;thjpfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glf; $lhJ. mNjrkak; me;je;j tplak; njhlu;ghd tpNrl mwpTs;s egu;fs; taJ tpj;jpahrkpd;wp Nrit nra;tjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

cs;@uhl;rp> khfhz rigfs; kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;wk; Mfpa epWtdq;fspy; ngz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ 35% Mf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

njhopy; toq;Fk;NghJ jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;ff; $ba tifapy; rdj;njhifapd; E}w;WtPjk; gw;wp ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk.

itj;jparhiyfs; cl;gl midj;J mur epWtdq;fspYk; nkhopf;nfhs;ifia mKy;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghf ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

jkpo; nkhopia mwpKfg;gLj;Jifapy; njko> jpuhtpl> jkpo> Tamil vd;W gy;NtW tiffspy; jkpo; nkhopia mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. jkpo; vd;gNj mk;nkhopf;Fupa rupahd gjkhFk;. vdNt jkpo; nkhopia gpioahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ.

ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwiar; rhu;e;j kf;fs; njhlu;e;Jk; ,e;jpaj; jkpou;fnsd

milahsg;gLj;jhky; mtu;fSk; ,yq;ifau; vd milahsg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.


Nju;jy; nfhs;ifg; gpufldq;fspd;NghJ ngha;ahd cWjpnkhopfs;

toq;fg;gLfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; nfhs;ifg; gpufldq;fSf;F vjpuhf

tof;Fj;njhlu mDkjp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. nfhs;ifg; gpufldq;fisf;

fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mtw;iw ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F Nju;jy; Mizahsu; eltbf;if

vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ngUe;Njhl;l Jiwapd; fhzpfs;> tPlikg;G trjpfs;> fy;tp Mfpa

gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J mk; kf;fspd; kfpo;r;rpf;fhf> mtu;fspd; cupikfisg;

Ngzpg; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ruskhf Nehf;Fifapy; ‘Njhl;lk; fpuhkkhf;Ftjw;F’ eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwiar; rhu;e;j kf;fspd; rk;gsk; cau;j;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mNjNtis ngUe;Njhl;l njhopw;rq;f epjpapy; ,Ue;J xUnjhifg; gzk;

mtu;fSila vjpu;fhy rk;gsj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

xt;nthU murpaw; fl;rpapdJk; NjitfSf;fika khw;wkilahj> ve;j

murhq;fk; gjtpf;F te;jhYk;> mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; Njrpaf; nfhs;iffs;

cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

murhq;fj; njhopy;fSf;fhf Ml;Nru;g;Gr; nra;ag;gl;l rpyupd; flik ,ay;G

vd;dntd;gJ njspthf mikatpy;iy. ,j;njhopy;fspd; flikfs; ahit

vd jpl;ltl;lkhff; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;

tpijfis tpepNahfpf;Fk;> rpd;dQ; rpW nrbfis tpepNahfpf;Fk; egu;fs; vd

milahsg;gLj;Jk; gpur;rpid)

Rw;whliyg; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;ff; $ba tifapYk;> nghJkf;fSf;F njhe;juT

Vw;glhj tifapYk; rf;jp tha;e;j Kiwapyhd rl;lq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. Fg;ig $sq;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kiwrhu; topKiwnahd;W

,y;yhikahy; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; Rw;whlYf;F

Vw;gLk; jPikfisj; jLg;gJ ,jd;%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

gy;NtW tyJFiwe;j jd;ikfisf; nfhz;l tpNrl NjitAs;s egu;fs;

njhlu;ghf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

tyJFiwe;j egu;fs; cs;s FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;ba epjp Vw;ghLfs;>

cjtpfs; cupaKiwapy; NruNtz;batu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nritapy; tpNrlkhf g]; tz;bfspy; “tyJFiwe;NjhUf;fhd Mrdq;fs;” g];; tz;bapd; Kd;gFjpapNyNa mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy;

g]; tz;bfSf;fhd gazpfs; gpd;Gwf; fjtpd; topahfNt g];tz;bapDs;

Eioa mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,jdhy; tyJFiwe;Njhu; g]; tz;bapd;

Kd;gFjpf;Fr; nry;Yk;NghJ gy;NtW ,ila+Wfis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.

vdNt> ,t; tplaq;fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L cupa eltbf;iffis vLf;f

Ntz;Lk;.


rpq;fsk;> jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk; vd;w tifapy; ghlrhiyfis tifaPL

nra;ahky; rfy ghlrhiyfspYk; vy;yh ,dq;fisr; rhu;e;j gps;isfSk;

fy;tp fw;ff;$ba trjpfis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

murpay;thjpfs; ,dj;Jt mbg;gilapy; kf;fSf;F Nrit nra;tijf; iftpl

Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jg; gpui[fSf;Fk; ,dNtWghLfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;shky;

Nrit nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

mur epWtdq;fSf;F Ml;Nru;f;Fk;NghJ Mff; Fiwe;jJ rpw;W}opau;fSk; mur

nfhs;iffSf;F Vw;g Ml;Nru;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fy;tp rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gy;fiyf;fof GFKf

jifikfs; cau;j;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;

fy;tpKiwia mwpKfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

rl;lq;fis mq;fPfupg;gjw;F Kd;du; murhq;fk; nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg;

ngwNtz;Lk;.

Rfhjhu Mizf;FO xd;iw epakpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpui[fspd; cupikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs; Mfpait gw;wp rhjhuz

nghJkf;fs; mwpahj fhuzj;jpdhy; mtu;fSf;F mwpt+l;Ltjw;fhd

topKiwia Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fis cUthf;Fk;NghJ kpff; ftdkhf mtw;iw cUthf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

gpuNjr rigfspd; fyupf;Fr; nrd;W jkJ fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk;

re;ju;g;gj;ij nghJkf;fSf;F cupj;jhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpuNjr rigfSf;F tYit Vw;gLj;jp fpuhkPa eltbf;iffis ntw;wpfukhf

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhk uh[;a vz;zf;fUit NkYk; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ve;jnthU tof;ifAk; mKy;gLj;Jifapy; mjid epWj;Jtjw;F rl;lkh

mjpgUf;F mjpfhuk; cz;L. ,e;j mjpfhuj;ij ePf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mbg;gil kdpj cupikfs; kPwg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mJ Fwpj;J eltbf;if

vLg;gjw;F Xu; topKiw ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhkj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F Vw;Gila

mgptpUj;jp fpuhkPa kl;lj;jpy; jahupf;ff; $bathW xU topKiwiaj;

jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;.


xU gpNujj;ij mlf;fk; nra;tjw;fhd Xu; ,lk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;Fk; gwq;fpau;>

kNy ,dj;jtu;> Fwtu;fs; Mfpa rpWghd;ik kf;fs; FOkq;fspd;

cupikfs;kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

f.ngh.j. rhjhuz jug; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpngw;w ,isQu;fSf;Fk;>

AtjpfSf;Fk; njhopy;tha;g;Gg; ngwf;$ba topKiwiaj; jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kdpju;fSf;Fk; ahidfSf;FkpilNa epyTk; Nkhjypy; kdpju;fs; ghupa

ghjpg;ig vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;sdu;. ,jw;F cupa jPu;tpidf; fhz;gjw;fhd xU

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

murhq;f Nritapd; jfty;fisg; ngWk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mNdfkhd njhopy;tha;g;gw;w fy;tp fw;w mwpTs;s ,isQu; r%fk; vkJ

ehl;by; ,Uf;fpd;wikahy; mur Nritapy; <LgLk; tanjy;iyia tiuaWf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

rpy jug;gpdupd; tuTnryT Nahridfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;shtpbd;> mtw;iw

mKy;gLj;jhJtpbd;> mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLk; rl;lg+u;tkhd

topKiw mtrpakhFk;.

tptrhak;> fy;tp cl;gl Vida midj;J mikr;Rf;fspdJk; mikr;ru;fs;

khwpdhYk; mikr;R nrayhsu;fs; epue;jukhf jkJ flikapy; <Lgl Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;ifapd; midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; epahakhd Kiwapy; tsq;fisAk;

Vida trjpfisAk; xJf;fPL nra;Ak; xUtopKiw mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

,aw;if tsq;fisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; tdrPtuhrpfs;> tdg;ghJfhg;G>

flw;fiuNahug; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;Wf;Fg; nghWg;ghd epWtdq;fspd;

nraw;ghl;by; njspthd tpsf;fKk; Kiwrhu; jd;ikAk; mika Ntz;Lk;.

czTj; ju epakk; gw;wpa Kiwrhu; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

midj;J tsq;fSk; midtUf;Fk; epahakhd Kiwapy; gfpug;gl Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjdhy; xUtu; gapu; nra;af;$ba fhzpfspd; msit kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ fk;gdpfSk;> ngUk; gzf;fhuu;fSk; Vuhskhd fhzpfisj;

jkjhf;fpf;nfhs;tu;. ,jd;NghJ nrhj;Jf;fsw;w ghl;lhspfSf;F xd;WNk

vQ;rg;Nghtjpy;iy.

fhy;eilfis epUtfpf;Fk; tptrhapf;F> tpyq;Ffisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd

njhOtq;fisAk;> Gy; Nka;tjw;fhd jpl;ltl;lkhd Nka;r;ry; epyq;fSk;

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F cupa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhkPa tpij> jhdpak;> gapu;fs; vd;gtw;iwg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;ff; $ba

tifapYk; mtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jf;$ba tifapYk; Nkk;gLj;Jk;

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij milahsg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.


gy;Njrpa epWtdq;fspdhy; xslj tpahghuk; elj;JtJ gw;wp eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

r%f neUf;fbfs; Vw;glf;$ba tifapy; Clfg; gad;ghl;Lg; Nghf;F

fhzg;gLtjhy;> mj;jifa epfo;Tfisj; jLg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;f

Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf ,dthjj;ijj; J}z;Ljy;> ,df; FOkq;fSf;fpilNa

re;Njfj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy;> r%f rPuopTf;F fhuzkhd tplaq;fis

r%fkag;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fSf;F mNdfkhd mur kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l

Clfq;fs; ,ilaPL nra;tjhy; ,Jgw;wpa eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.

mur nfhs;iffs; cUthf;fg;gLk;NghJ rptpy; r%fj;jpdJk;> fy;tpapy;

r%fj;jpdJk; gq;fspg;igg; ngwNtz;Lk;.

rhjhuz kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ey;ypzf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tifapy; epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lq;fs; tprhupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mur Copau;fSf;Fs;s gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;fhf eltbf;if vLf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mur Copau;fs; vd;Nghu; cau;e;j rk;gsq;fisg; ngWk; eLj;ju

tu;f;f r%fk; vd milahsk; fhzg;gl;L ,Ue;jhYk;> mtu;fspd; tPLfs;>

fhzp cj;juTg; gj;jpuq;fs; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhy; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfs;

Vw;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iwj; jPu;g;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpui[fs; kj;jpapy; fhzpfisg; gfpu;tJ njhlu;ghf tpQ;Qhd uPjpahf

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Date post:	14-Mar-2021
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