Grace Books 1€¦ · sI. A_q-_-°¿ 1964 Unk-º¿ 9\v P\-\w. tIcf bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v...

$Page 1: Grace Books 1€¦ · sI. A_q-_-°¿ 1964 Unk-º¿ 9\v P\-\w. tIcf bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥-c-_n-cp-Zw. 1990 apX¬ IS-tacn B¿. F. kn. lb¿sk-°‚dn$
Grace Books 1

Sn. Dss_Zv

sI.-A-_q-_-°¿

]km-[\w:sKbvkv FPp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

mappilaheritagelibrary.com 2

MalayalamNethrusmrithi - 10

T. Ubaid

by K. AboobackerGeneral Editor

P.A.RasheedAll rights reserved

First Edition : January 2014Published by

Grace Educational AssociationRegd. 245/04

PB No. 3, Malappuram Dist. 676 317Layout & Cover: entermedia, calicut

Printed at : Redstar Offset, Calicut

DistributorsGrace Books

Camp Sayyid, PB No. 3Malappuram Dist. 6763179895114673, 9633902944

` 80.00


]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

B[p\nI tIcf¯nsâ atXXc kwkvImc¯n\v

AXyp¯ctIcf¯nsâ kw`mh\bmWv Sn. Dss_Zv.

sFIytIcf]Øm\¯nsâ DuÀPkze\mb t\Xmhv,

aebmf IhnXbv¡v ]pXnb CuW§Ä k½m\n¨ Ihn,

Ad_naebmf¯nse CuSpsh¸pIÄ amXr`mjbnte¡v

apXðIq«nb mjmtkhI³... hyXykvX§fmb taJe-

Ifnð Sn. Dss_Zv \ðInb kw`mh\Isf hniIe\w

sN¿pó IrXnbmWnXv. am¸nf kmlnXy KthjI

\pw KŸImc\pamb sI. A_q_¡dmWv Cu cN\

\n¿∆ln®Xv.

hnZym`ymk kmwkvImcnI cwKØv Hcp Zim_vZambn

]h¿Øn °p∂ sKbvkv FPpt°jW¬ Atkmkn

tbj≥ ]mcºcy ]T\ Øn s‚ `mKambn Gs‰SpØ

][m\ t]mPIvSpIfnsem∂mWv "t\XrkvarXn'. Cu

]cºcbnse ]ØmasØ ]pkvXIamb "Sn. Dss_Zv'

]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xn\v klmbn® sI.Fw.kn.kn.

kDuZn CutÌ¬ t]mhn³kv ]knUïv JmZÀ sN¦f

AhÀIÄ¡v \µn tcJs∏SpØp∂p.

sKbvkv FPp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥


sI. A_q-_-°¿

1964 Unk-º¿ 9\v P\-\w. tIcf bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬

\n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥-c-_n-cp-Zw. 1990 apX¬

IS-tacn B¿. F. kn. lb¿sk-°‚dn kvIqfn¬

A[ym-]-I≥. ]cm-h¿Ø-\hpw ]Zm¿∞hpw klnXw

en]y-¥-cWw sNbvXv c≠p-hm-ey-ß-fn-embn ]kn-≤o-

I-cn® tambn≥Ipń sshZy-cpsS kºq¿Æ-Ir-Xn-IfpsS

kl-K-Ÿ-Im-c≥. "sshZy-cpsS Imhy-temIw' F∂

t]cn¬ sshZy¿ IrXn-I-fpsS ]T\w ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-

´p≠v. `mcy kuZ. a°ƒ Zm\niv ^¿lm-Zv, _mlnkv

_lvkm-Zv, A¿k¬ hnZm-Zv. hnemkw: Biym-\,

taap≠ X]m¬, hS-I-c 673 104. t^m¨ 0496-˛2527167,

9446833650, [email protected]


D≈-S°w

1. s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sns‚ kuµ-cyw 9

2. amXr`mjmtkh\w 18

3. cm„obw kmapZmbnIw 33

4. kmwkvImcnI∏I¿® 38

5. ]cnjvIcWØns‚ ]m´phgn 48

6. sFIytIcf]ÿm\w 53

7. AwKoImcØns‚ \mfpIƒ 57

8. hnShmß¬ ]kwKw 62

A\p-_Ôw

1. Dss_Zns‚ ]cnjXv]kwKw 65

2. Dss_-Znsâ teJ\w 89


6

t\Xr-kvarXn Sn. Dss_Zv

apJ-hpc

am∏n-f-∏m´pamtbm am∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-hp-amtbm ]mc-º-cy-_‘-

sam∂pan√m-Ø, ]mSmt\m ]ms´-gp-Xmt\m Ign-hn√mØ Hcmƒ

am∏n-f-∏m´p ]T-\taJe-bn¬ bmZr-›n-I-ambn FØn-s∏´m¬ t\

cnSm-hp∂ ]T\]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ ASn-°Sn A\p-`-hs∏Sm-dp-≠v. Bi-

bhpw A¿∞hpw Xncn-bmsX, hm°p-Iƒ°pw hcn-Iƒ°pw apºn¬

\nlmb-\mbn -\n-evt°≠n hcptºmƒ Hcp ssI klm-b-Øn-

\mbn a\v tIgm-dp-≠v. Npcp-fgn°m\m-hmØ kakyIfpambn

Ducp-Np-‰p-tºmƒ ]mc-º-cym-kvXn-Ifpw k¿§-ti-jnbpw sIm≠v

am∏n-f-∏m-´dnhns‚ adp-I-c-bn-temfw k¿§-k-©mcw sNbvX Dss_Zv

kmln-_ns\ t\cn¬ I≠v kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F∂v

sImXn®p t]m bn´p-≠v. Bsf Xncn-®-dnbmhp∂ ]mbw F\n-s°-Øp-

∂-Xn\p apsº Gev]n-°-s∏´ ]Wn-Iƒ Ag-tImsS HXp-°n-Øo¿Øv

A¥y-hn-ia kt¶Xw ]qInbncp-∂p At±lw.

Dss_-Zns\ Ipdn®v ]Tn-°m≥, Xm≥ Fgp-Xn-bXpw Xs∂°pdn®v

Fgp-Xn-bXpw ]cn-tim-[n-°pIbmWt√m hgn. Dss_-Zns‚ IrXn-

I-sfm∂pw ]pkvX-I-®-¥-bn¬ C∂v e`y-a-√. XpS¿∂p h∂ Imew

am∏nf-km-ln-XyØn\p t\sc s\‰n-Np-fn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\memImw

Dss_-Zns‚ apgp-h≥ cN-\-Ifpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-SmsX t]mbXv.

am∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-Xw, am∏n-f-∏m-´p-hr-Ø-ßƒ XpS-ßnb ][m\

IrXn-Iƒ t]mepw ]pd-Øn-d-ßmsX t]mbXn\v as‰-¥p- \ymb-am-Wp-

≈Xv. Dss_-Zns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ amXw Nne sse_-dn-

I-fn¬ ImWmw. A°m-esØ B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬ h∂ ]T-\-ßfpw


7


]m´p-Ifpw kam-l-cn-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. ]tØmfw IrXn-I-sf-¶nepw C\nbpw

Xosc A®-Sn-°-s∏-SmsX InS-°p-∂p.

Dss_-Zns‚ PohnXw ]Tn°m≥ \ap°p ap∂n¬ Ah-ti-jn-

°p∂ apJym-ibw Imk¿t°mSv kmln-Xy-thZn ]pd-Øn-d-°nb

kvamc-I-K-Ÿ-am-Wv. At±lØns‚ ac-Wm-\-¥cw D‰-h¿ Fgp-Xnb

A\p-kva-c-W°pdn∏pI-fptSbpw ]Xhm¿Ø-I-fp-tSbpw Hcp kam-lm-c-

am-W-Xv. CS°meØv ]kn≤oIcn°s∏´ Nne B\pImenIßfpsS

Dss_Zv ]Xn∏pIfpw GXm\pw hy‡nIfn¬ \n∂v e`n® hnhcß

fpw hnes∏´Xmbncp∂p. Iq´Øn¬ Sn. sI. A–p√°p™n, Fw.

kn. hS-I-c, dlvam≥ Xmb-e-ßm-Sn F∂nh¿ ]tXyI ]cma¿iw

A¿ln°p∂hcmWv. Cßs\sbms° e`n® hnhcßfneqsS cq]-s∏-

´p-In-ńb Dss_-Zns‚ hy‡n-XzØnte-°p≈ Hcp FØn-t\m-´-amWv

Cu sIm®p-Ir-Xn.

Dss_-Zns\ Ipdn®v Iptd-sbms° Fgp-X-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. At±-l-

sa-gp-Xnb Ihn-X-I-fmWv ]e-hpcp ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-b-Xv. t]mb Xe-ap-

d-bnse kn.-]n. io[-c≥, Dss_-Zns‚ If-cn-bn¬ A`y-kn® sI.-Fw.

AlvaZv, C_mlnw t_hn-©, C.-]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿

Dss_Zv Ihn-X-I-fpsS kuµ-cy-Xew tXSn-t∏m-b-h-cm-Wv. CS°pw Xe-

°p-sams° At±-l-Øns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ Ct∏mgpw \ncq-]n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ kuµ-cy-im-kvX-]-c-amb A¿∞-Øn¬

At±-l-Øns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ Cu eLpIr-Xn-bn¬ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-

bn-ń-√.

tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXpkmln-Xy-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ Dss_-Zn-s∂m-cnSw

e`n-®Xv Hcp ]`m-j-WØneq-sS-bm-Wv. 1947 sabv 18-˛\v tImgn-t°mSv

kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-’tΩ-f-\Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m- ns\ Ipdn®v At±lw Xøm¿

sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]`m-jWamWXv. sXm´-SpØ BgvN, sabv 25

apX¬ XpS¿e°-ß-fn-embn amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn∏v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®

B ]`m-jWw Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ A\p-_-‘-ambn tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

AXv e`n°p∂-Xn\v Imc-W-°m-c\mb _lp-am\y kvt\ln-X≥ Sn.-

sI. A_vZp-√-°p-™n-tbmSv henb IS-∏m-Sp-≠v.

""Ihn kam«v tambn³Ip«n'' F¶ t]cnÂ Dss_Zv Fgp-Xnb

Hcp teJ-\hpw A\p-_-Ô-¯n-ep≠- v. ]`m-j-I\pw Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\p-

amb Dss_-Zns\ ASp-¯-dn-bm³ A\p-_-Ôw D]-I-cn-¡pw.


8


kuµcyw Xpfpºn\nev°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ tIm¿ØmWv

tambn≥Ipń sshZy¿ _Z-dp¬ ap\o-dns\ h¿Æn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ‘tX\m¿

Nnd°pw ]b°w tI´m¬’ F∂ ]mZm¿≤w Xs‚ IYm-\m-b-Is‚ samgn-

b-gIv Bkzm-Z-Is\ A\p- -hn-∏n-°m≥ e£yw sh®v D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xm-Wv.

AXv D±njvtSm∂-Øn\pw A∏pdw sN∂v B XcpW IYm-]m-X-Øns‚

hy‡n-XzsØ Xs∂ ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂Xmbn s]men™n-´p-≠v. Dss_-

Zns\ Ipdn-®p≈ A\p-kva-c-W-°pdn-∏pIƒ an°Xpw Xs‚ \njvI-f-

¶-amb Nncnsb Ipdn®v ]d-bp-∂p-. hn\-bsØ ]‰n hmNm-e-am-Ip-∂p-.

Dss_-sZm∂v Nncn-®m¬ kΩm-\n-X-s‚-bp-≈n¬ tX\m¿ Nnd-°p-sa∂v

Dd-∏v. F∂m¬ At±-lsØ Ipdn-®v ]Tn°p-∂-h¿ B Nncn-bn¬ ab-ßn-

t∏mbm¬ hgn sX‰n-t∏m-Ipsa∂Xpap-d∏v. F√m-htcmSpw Nncn-°p-Ibpw

hn\-b-tØmsS amXw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw BtcmSpw apjn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXv ‘F√m-h¿°pw ]nb-s∏-´-h-\m’-hp∂Xn\v A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp

\n_-‘-\-bp≠v. \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn-√m-Xncn-°pI F∂-XmWv B ap∂p-]m-[n.

F∂m¬ Dss_Zv Aß-s\-bm-bn-cp-t∂bn-√. Xm\n-S-s]-Sp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-

se√mw hfsc hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-SpIfp≠mbn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn-\v.

AXm-Is´ \nXy-k-l-hm-kn-I-fptS-Xn¬ \n∂v Xptemw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. an°-t∏mgpw a‰p-≈-h¿°v H´pw cpNn-°m-Ø-Xv. AXn-sem∂pw

Hcp \o°p-t]m°pw hcp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-I, AXv \nc-¥cw ]mSnbpw ]

d™pw ]N-cn-∏n-®psIm≠n-cn-°p-I, F∂n´pw F√m-h¿°pw Hcp-t]mse

]nb-s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-I. Cu A¤p-X-amWv Sn. Dss_-Zv.

C∂-se-I-fn¬ shfn-®-ambn h¿Øn-®-h-cpsS Hm¿Ω ]pXp-°m-\m

bn sKbvkv FPp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kntb-j≥ Bhn-jvI-cn® ‘t\Xr-

kvarXn’ ]c-º-c-bpsS mK-am-Wv Cu ]pkvX-Iw. A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-tS≠

hy‡n-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Sn. Dss_-Zns\ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw At±-

lsØ Ipdn®v Rm≥ Fgp-XWsa∂v- \n›bn°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw- sNbvX-

Xns‚ êamWv Cu ]pkvX-Iw. AXn∂v \nan-Ø-am-b-hsc apgp-h≥

\µn-tbmsS Hm¿°p-∂p.

am∏nf kmlnXy ]T-\-ßfpw At\z-j-W-ßfpw Gsd kPo-h-

am-bn-cn-°p∂p kao] -Im-eØv. Dss_-Zns‚ cN-\-Iƒ apgp-h≥ kam-

l-cn-®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn°m\pw Ah \evIp∂ Dƒ°m-gvN-bpsS IqSn

shfn-®-Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m´p ]T\w ⁄m\-k-º-∂-am-Im\pw Cu sNdp

]pkvXIw t]c-W-bm-sb-¶n¬ F∂v Bin®p t]mIp-∂p.

12.09.2013 sI.-A-_q-_-°¿

taap-≠


9


s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sns‚ kuµ-cyw

cmhmw I-cn-¶m-fn-s∏-Æn-≥ h-b-‰n-¬

hn-`m-Xw ]n-d-°p-∂q˛kz-bw Xm-≥

d-s∫-∂p hm-Zn-® ^n-¿-Hu-s‚-b-¶-Øn-¬

aq-km Nn-cn-°p-∂q

I-gn-™ X-e-ap-d-bn-se Im-hym-kzm-ZI-sc s]m-Xp-hnepw am-∏n-f-

∏m-´m-kzm-ZI-sc hn-ti-jn®pw c-kn-∏n-® Cu-c-Sn-Ifn-sem-∂m-WnXv. C-

cpfpw sh-fn-®hpw t]m-se X-Ωn-en-W-ßmØ ssh-cp-[y-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬

\n-e-\n-ev-°p-∂ A-Xn-hn-Nn-X-t®-¿-®I-sf A-Xn-c-a-Wo-b-amw-hn-[w tN-¿-

Øp-sh-®v Sn. D-ss_-Zv c-Nn-® I-hn-X-bn-emWv Cu h-cn-I-fp-≈Xv. \n-Xy-

Po-hn-X-Øn-¬ \n-c¥-cw B-h-¿-Øn®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw I-hn-bp-sS

Iq¿-Ω-t\m- w Nq-≠n-°m- p-∂-Xp h-sc hm-b-\-°mc-s‚ I-Æn-¬ s]-Sm-Xn-

cp-∂-Xpam-b hn-]-co-X i-‡n-I-fp-sS hn-Nn-X-s∏m-cp-Ø-ß-ƒ ]e-Xv H-cp

am-e-bn-se-∂ IW-s° tIm-¿-sØm-cp°n-b I-hn-X-bmWv ‘Zp-\n-bm-hn-s‚

a-dn-am-bw’. A-h-tbm-tcm-∂pw A-I-°-Æm-¬ I-≠-dn-™v I-S∂p-t]m-cp-∂

Im-hym-kzm-Z-I-≥ H-Sp-hn-se-Øn-t®-cp-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hv A-tX I-hn-X-bp-sS

B-Zy-]m-Z-ß-fn-¬ X-s∂ ap-tº-dm-bn Ip-dn-®p-sh-®n-´p-≠v Ihn : ‘Zp-\n-bm-

hn-sX-¥v ]p-Xp-a-∏-d-ºm-Wv B-ew D-S-tbmt\’ F∂ B›cyamWX.v

B-tem-N-\ ‘Zp-\n-bm-hn-s‚ ]p-Xp-a-Ø-c-'sØ sNm-√n-bp-≈ AXni-

bØn-¬ Xs∂ sN-∂v- tN-cp-am-dv I-hn-X-bn¬ A-Sp-°n-b-e-¶-cn-®p sh-®n-


10


cn-°p-∂ Im-gv-N-Ifpw Im-cy-ß-fpw, ]pdw-temI-Øv H-cp ]-Z-¿-i-\-im-e-bn-

se∂ t]mse B-¿°pw Im-Wp-Ibpw a-\Ên-em-°p-Ibpw sN-øm-hp∂

h-kv-Xp-X-Ifpw Zr-iy-ß-fp-amWv. A-√msX, B-[p\n-I I-hn-I-sf-t∏m-se

a-‰p-≈-h-¿-°m-¿°pw ]-th-i-\-an-√mØ, X-ß-fp-tSXp-am-Xam-b \n-Kq-

V-tem-I-Øp-\n-∂v I-s≠-Sp-Ø-hb-√. H-‰-t\m-´-Øn-¬ a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS

Im-gv-N-bn-¬ s]-Sm-Ø Im-cyßƒ I-hn-bp-sS I-Æn-ep-S-°m-≥ Im-c-W-

sa-¥m-Im-sa∂-Xv A-t∏mgpw DØ-cw tX-Sp∂ tNm-Zy-am-bn \n-ev-°p∂p.

]pdw-tem-I-Øpw hn-Nn-X-s∏m-cp-Ø-ß-ƒ X-s∂ Im-Wp-hm-≥ Im-c-W-

am-Ip-am-dp≈ hn-Nn-X-m-\p-`-h-ß-ƒ F-X-bp-ap-≠v X-s‚ hy-‡n-Po-hn-X-

Øn-¬. F-∂m-¬ kz-¥w I-Y-b-h-X-cn∏n°p-∂-Xn¬ A-ev-]-Ø-cw ImWp-

∂ I-hn-bv°v ]-Ir-Xn Zr-iy-ß-sfbpw N-cn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw Iq-´p-

]n-Sn-®v A-Xv A-h-X-cn-∏n°m≥ am-X-ta I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p≈q.

a-e-bm-f-Øn-s‚ henb h-‡m-hm-bn-cp-∂p Sn. D-ss_-Zv. A-t±l

Øn-s‚ P-∑-tZ-iamb Im-k-¿-t°m-Sns\ _n-ó-jp-Im-¿ Z-£n-W-Im-\-d

Pn-√-bn-em-Wv D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv. H∂c \q‰m-≠p-Im-ew, `m-jm-Sn-

ÿm-\-Øn-¬ kw-ÿm-\-ß-ƒ cq-]o-I-cn-® 1956 h-sc B \n-e Xp-S-¿∂p.

I-∂-Ubm-bn-cp-∂p A-hnSsØ Hu-tZymKn-I `m-j. I-∂-U X-s∂-bm-

bn-cp-∂p t_m-[-\-am-[yahpw. a-e-bm-f-Øn-¬ ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂ kv-Iq-fp-I-

fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ÿ-e-\m-a-ßƒ t]mepw I-∂-Uh-Xv-I-cn-°-s∏´p.

‘Im-™n-tcmSv’ B-bn-cp-∂ ]-tZ-iw A-tX t]-cn-s‚ I-∂U-cq-]am-b

‘Imk-d-tKmUv’ B-bn am-dp∂-Xv A-°m-e-ØmWv. ‘]p-Xn-b-tIm´’ tlm-

kv-Zp¿-§v B-bn am-dp∂p. Aß-s\ Im-k-¿-t°m-Sns‚ kmw-kv-Imcn-Im-Im-

iØv ]-c-`m-jm-[n]-Xy-w I-\-Øp-\n-∂n-cp∂ Im-eØm-Wv B Iq-cn-cp-ƒ

]n-f-¿-°m-≥ a-e-bm-f-Øn-s‚ -i-–am-b D-ss_-Zv X-f-¶-c-bn-¬ ]n-d-°p-∂Xv.

‘X-f¶-c’bpsS N-cn-X-Øn-te-°p-≈ I-hm-Sw Xp-d-°p-∂ H-cp kv-

am-c-I-ap-≠v A-hn-sS. Hm-¿-ΩI-sf H-‰-b-Sn-°v B-bn-c-Øm-≠p-I-ƒ-°-∏p-d-

tØ-°v sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ am-en-Iv-Zo-\m-¿ a-kv-PnZv (Im-k-¿-t°m-Sv hen-b

Pp-apA-Øv ]-≈n) BWXv. ln-Pvd 22˛mw h-¿-jw d-P-_v 18˛\m-W-sX

AXv ÿm-]n-X-am-Ip-∂Xv. A-Xv i-cn-bm-sW-¶n¬ In-kv-Xp-h-¿-jw 643

Pq-¨13 sh≈nbm-gv-N-bm-Wv ]-≈n ]q-¿-Øo-I-cn-bv-°-s∏-´ Zn-hkw.

tI-c-f-Øn-te-°p h-∂ B-Zy-sØ ]-t_m-[-I kwL-Øn-s‚ A-ao-dm-

bn-cp-∂t√m am-en-Iv C-_v\p Zo-\m-¿. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ \n-¿-t±-i-]-Im-cw

am-en-Iv C-_v-\p l-_o-_m-Wv A-Xv \n-¿-Ωn-®Xv. Aß-s\ C-¥y-bn-se

C-kvem-an-s‚ X-d-hm-Sp-Ifn-sem-∂m-bn-Øo¿-∂ X-f-¶-c-bn-se ]-≈n-°m¬


11


]-tZiØm-Wv Sn. D-ss_-Zv P-\n-bv-°p-∂-Xv. 1908 HIvtSm-_¿ amkw

Ggmw Xob-Xn. ln. 1326 da-fm≥ 11 _p[-\m-gvN.

]n-Xmhm-b B-en-°p-™n-lm-Pn sXm-gnep-sIm-≠v H-cp Xp-Wn-°-

®-h-S-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p. I-mk-¿-t°m-Sv A-ßm-Sn-bn-se Xp-Wn-°-S-bn-te-°v

t]m-Ip-∂-Xph-sc hoń¬ sh®v Ip-ń-Iƒ-°v hn-Zy ]-I¿-∂v sIm-Sp-Øn-

cp-∂ Kp-cp-\m-Y-≥ IqSnbm-bn-cp∂p A-t±-lw. 1918˛¬ ap-CÊp-¬ C-kvemw

a-Z-k B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xp h-sc- A-Xmbn-cp-∂p ÿnXn. a-‰p-hn-⁄m-\-ß-

ƒ-s°∂ t]m-se ]m-´v ]-Tn-bv-°p-∂-Xn∂pw A-hn-sS hn-Zym-¿-∞n-I-ƒ

h-∂n-cp-∂p. \-√ i-–-\n-b-¥-W-ap-≈ Km-b-I-\pw ]m-s´-gp-Øp-Im-c-

\pam-bn-cp-∂p A-t±lw. ]-Z-ßfpw Xn-cn-∏p-Ifpw _-Æ-ßfpw c-Nn-®v

in-jy-∑m¿-°v ]m-Sm≥ sIm-Sp-Øn-cp∂p. Aß-s\ ]-Tn-®v an-Sp-°cm-b

in-jy-∑mcp-sam-Øv I-√ym-W-ho-Sp-I-fn-¬ hn-cp-Ø-ßfpw ko-dm-]-Z-ß

fpw -]m-Sm≥ t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNøpam-bn-cp∂p Ben-°p-™n-lmPn. H-cp

am-e-∏m-´v kz¥-ambn sI´p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠-sX A-t±-lw. F∂m¬

]n-Xm-hn-s‚ k-¿-§-ti-jn-I-ƒ H-cp ]m-c-º-cy-sØ am-X-ta D-ss_-Zn-∂v

k-Ωm-\n-®n´p≈q. Xm-≥ ]n-d-°p-∂-Xn-∂p-ap-tº s]m-Xp-thZnI-fn-se

]m-´v \n-¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂p At±lw. ]nXmhv I-®-h-S-Øn-\v ]p-d-s∏-Sp-tºm-ƒ

A-[ym-]-\-®pa-X-e D-ss_-Zn-s‚ D-Ω ssk\_n G-s‰-Sp-°p-w. A-h¿-°v

A-d-_n-a-e-bm-fw F-gp-Xm\pw hm-bn-°m\pw A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. [m-cm-fw

C-i-ep-I-ƒ a-\-∏m-T-hpap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. s]-¨-k-ZÊp-I-fn-¬ ]m-Sp-∂ ]m-

´p-Imcnbp-am-bn-cp∂p. ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fn-¬ H-cm-ƒ Km-b-I-\m-bn-cp∂p.

th-sdm-cp ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Zc-s‚ aI≥ ]m-Sp-I-bpw I-hn-X-sb-gp-Xp-I-bpw

sN-øp-am-bn-cp∂p. D-ss_-Zn-s‚ tPy-jv-T-\pw ]m-´p-I-sf-gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.

Xs‚ Ip-Spw-_-Ønse ]m-´p-kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ I-Y-bm-WnXv.

Xf-¶-c-sØm∏n ]kn-≤-am-W-t√m. Ab¬ hońse sXm∏n-∏-Wn-

°m¿ _Zdpw DlvZp-sams° ]mSp-Ibpw Krl-\m-Y≥ AXns‚ Bibw

hni-Zo-I-cn®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Ip™p-ss_Zv \∂mbn a\

Ên-em-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. k-am-\am-b km-l-N-cy-

ß-fp-≈ th-sdbpw sXmgn-en-S-ßfpw ho-Sp-I-fp-ap≠m-Ip-tºm-ƒ A-Xv

H-cp \m-Sn-s‚ kw-kv-Im-c-am-bn am-dp∂p. A-hnsS am-∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-f-cn-I-fp-

≠mhp-I kzm-`m-hnIw. ]m-´p-Iq-´-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn¬ I-√ym-W-ho-Sp-I-ƒ tI-

µo-I-cn-®p-≈ ]m-´p-a-’-c-ß-ƒ k-Po-h-am-bn-cn-s° ]m-´p-]-Tn-°m-\p-≈

th-Zn-I-fp-ap≠m-hp-a-t√m. tI-c-f-Ønse ap-kvenw B-hm-k-tI-µ-ß-fn-

seßpw Im-Wmambncp-∂ am-∏n-f-∏m-´p I-f-cn-I-fmWv a-°m-\n-I-ƒ. D-


12


ss_-Zv ]n-d-°p-∂-Xn-∂p ap-tº Xs∂ X-f-¶-c-bn-¬ a-°m-\n-I-ƒ k-Po-h-

am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ am-∏n-f-∏m- v tZ-i-kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bp-sS s\-Spw-XqWm-b

X-f-¶-c-bn-em-Wv D-ss_-Zv hfcp-∂Xvv.

am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ B A-cpasb A-–pd-lvam-≥ F-∂m-Wv t]-cn-´p-

hn-fn-®Xv. F-∂m-¬ A-t∏-cn-¬ C-∂v A-t±-lw A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-t∂-bn-√. ]

I-cw kz-bw kzo-I-cn-® D-ss_-Zv F-∂ t]-cn-em-Wv t]cpw s]-cp-a-bpw.

Iq- -Øn-¬ X-f-¶c-sb Ip-dn-bv-°p-∂ Sn. F-∂ D-ev-]-hpw. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-ƒ

hn-fn-® t]-cn-e-√, X-∂-Øm-≥ kzo-I-cn-® \m-a-Øn-em-Wv A-dn-b-s∏-´-

sX-∂ hn-Nn-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn\v Iq-Sp-X-¬ Iu-Xp-Iw ]-I-cp-∂Xv, A-tX t]-

cn-¬ X-\n-s°m-cp tPy-jv-T-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂-XmWv. D-ss_-Zp-√ F-∂

A-–p-√bmW-bm-ƒ. Dss_Zv B t]cv kzoI-cn-¨Xp Imc-W-am-WsX

AbmÄ Xsâ t]cv amän-b-Xv. Sn. A-lva-Zv lmPn F-∂ B-ap- am-jm-Wv

a-s‰mcp k-tlm-Z-c≥. Ccp-]-¯-©m-as¯ hb-ÊnÂ acn-¨p-t]mb apl-

½Zv F¶v t]cpÅ Hcp ktlm-Z-c³ IqSn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-¶p.

F- ma-sØ h-bkn-¬, 1916˛¬ B-bn-cn°-Ww D-ss_-Zv kv-Iq-fn-¬

tN-¿-∂n-´p-≠m-hp-I. Z-£n-W- Im-\-d-Pn√bn-se-hn-sSbpw A-∂v a-e-bm-

fw ]-T-\-am-[y-aam-b kv-Iq-fp-I-ƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. apCÊp¬ Ckvemw

kvIqfmWv BZysØ ae-bmfw aoUnbw kvIqƒ. A-Xn-\m-¬ I-∂-U-

`m-j-bn-em-Wv A-t±-lw hn-Zym-`ym-kw sN-bv-XXv. F-∂n´pw a-e-bm-fw

]-Tn-°p-Ibpw a-e-bm-f-Øn-¬ sa-®-s∏-´ I-hn-X-I-sf-gp-Xp-Ibpw a-e-bm-

f-I-hn-X-I-ƒ I-∂-U-Øn-te-°v hn-h-¿Ø-\w sN-øp-Ibpw a-e-bm-f-Øn-

\p th-≠n [o-c-[o-cw s]m-cp-Xp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂ `m-jm-`n-am-\n-bm-bn D-

ss_-Zv h-f-¿-∂p-h∂p. C-°m-cy-Øn-¬ a-e-bm-fn-I-ƒ I-S-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂-Xv

At±-lØn-s‚ ]n-Xm-hv B-en-°p-™nlmPn-tbm-Sm-Wv, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚

Xp-Wn°-S-tbm-Spw. B-en-°p-™n-lm-Pn-bv°v a-e-bm-fw F-gp-Xm\pw hm-

bn-°m\pw A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp--∂p. A-t±-l-Øn-¬ \n-∂m-Wv D-ss_-Zv A-£-

cam-e A-`y-kn-°p-∂Xv. ]n-Xm-hns‚ Xp-Wn-°-S-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-l-

Øn-s‚ am-Xr-`m-jm-hn-Zym-ebw. A-hnsS a-e-bm-f-Øn-¬ h-kv-X-ß-fpsS

t]-cp-I-ƒ F-gp-Xn-sh® sIm-®p- t_m-¿-Up-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p X-s‚ a-e-bm-f- ]

m-Tm-hen. A-h-bn-se-gpXnb Im®n, X´w, ep¶n, ]-¿-°mfn, I-™n-]m-°v

Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw B-Zy-am-bn F-gp-Xnbpw hm-bn®pw ]-Tn-

® a-e-bm-f-hm-°p-Iƒ.

1924˛¬ Im-k-¿-t°m-Sv _m-k-¬ an-j-≥ sslkv-Iq-fn-¬ F´mw ¢m-

kn¬ ]-Tn-bv-°p-tºm-ƒ D-ss_-Zv hm-¿-jn-I-∏-co-£-bn¬ tXm‰p-t]mbn. I-

hn-Xm- -aw aq-Ø-Xm-Wv tXm-¬-hn-°p Im-c-W-sa-∂v ]-d-b-s∏-Sp∂p. A-t∏m-


13


tg°pw kv-Iq-ƒ Po-hn-Xw \-t∂ a-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p D-ss_-Zn∂v. A-Xn-\m-¬

Xp-S¿-∂v ]-Tn-bv-°m-≥ ]n-Xm-hv sN-epØn-b t]-cW-I-sfm∂pw ^-ew

I-≠n-√. Aß-s\ 1924˛¬ A-t±-l-Øns‚ ]-T-\w A-h-km-\n-°p∂p.

A-tX D-ss_-Zv X-s∂-bm-Wv A-\-¥-c-Ime-Øv D-Ø-c-tI-c-f-Øn-se

ap-kvenw a-\Ên-s\ hn-Zym-`ym-k-h-gn-bn-te-°v hn-fn®p-sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂

hn-Zym-`ym-k ]-h-¿-Ø-I-\m-Ip-∂Xv. ]p-e-¿®-°v ]-≈n-°q-S-Øn-se-Øp-

Ibpw ]-I-e-dp-Xnh-sc ]-Wn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂ A-[ym-]-I\pw

]n-s∂ ]-[m-\m-[ym-]-I-\p-am-bn am-dn-bXv. G-‰hpw an-I-® A-[ym-]I¿°v

\-ev-Ip-∂ A-hm-¿-Un-∂v A-¿-l-\m-bn-Øo-¿-∂Xv.

]-Tn-∏v \n-dp-Øn D-]Poh-\w tX-Sn-bn-d-ßp-tºm-ƒ ]-Xn-\m-dv h-

bÊp-am-X-ta D-ss_-Zn-\v ]mbap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q. H-gn-hp-t\-c-ß-fn-¬

Jp-¿-B-≥ sNm-√n-s°m-Sp-Øv Hmtcm am-khpw A-t±-lw F-´p-cq-]m-ho-Xw

k-ºm-Zn-®n-cp∂p. H-cp sIm-√w I-gn-bp-tºm-ƒ K-h.^n-j-do-kv kvIq-fn-¬

A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn A-t±lw tPmen-bn¬ ]th-in®p. Ipº-f, D∏-f, B-

cn-°m-Sn Xp-Sßn-b ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se a-’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS a-°-ƒ-

°m-bn ap-lΩ-Zv si-dq-¬ ap-≥-I-sø-Sp-Øv- Xp-S-ßn-b kv-Iq-fm-bn-cp-∂p

AXv. B hn-Zym-e-b-Øn-se Htc-sbm-c-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-t±lw.

c≠p-sIm-√-tØm-fw hn-Zym-e-b ]-cn-k-c-ØpX-s∂ Xm-a-kn-°p-Ibpw a-

’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS t£-a-Øn-\m-bn ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-Ibpw sN-bvXp.

C-Xn-\n-S-bn-¬ D-ss_-Zn-s‚ B-tcm-Ky\n-e hf-sc tam-i-ambn. n-j-do-kv

kv-Iq-fn-¬ \n-∂v amdm-\m-bn-cp∂p ]n-Xm-hn-s‚ \n-¿-t±iw. ]-≈w X-≥-ho-

dp-¬ C-kvemw kv-Iq-fn¬ tPm-en i-cn-bm-°p-Ibpw ]n-cn-®p-hn-Sp-I-bn-s√-∂

[m-c-W-bn-¬ ^n-j-do-kv kv-Iq-fnse Kh.tPm-en D-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw sN-

bvXp. ]-Xn-s\-´p-cq-]-bm-bn-cp-∂p \n-›-bn-°-s∏´ ]-Xn-am-k-i-º-fw.

IrXyw H-cm-≠v I-gn-bp-tºm-ƒ, ]n-cn-®p-hn-Sn-s√-∂v D-d-∏p-hm-ßn \n-ba-\w

t\Sn-b kv-Iq-fn-¬ \n-∂v D-ss_-Zv kz-bw cm-Pn-sh®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv

\mw Im-Wp-∂Xv. ]-X-hm-b-\-sb sNm-√n A∂-sØ am-t\-P-dp-am-bn

X-\n°p≠mb s]m-cp-Ø-t°-Sm-Wv cm-Pn-bnte-°v \-bn®Xv. A-¬ A-ao-≥

Xp-Sßn-b ]-X-ß-ƒ hm-bn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p D-ss_Zv. A-Xv sN-ø-cp-

sX-∂ \n-e-]m-Sp-Imc\m-bn-cp∂p am-t\P-¿. ]-X-hm-b-\ X-s‚ s\©-Øv

I-Tm-c-sIm-≠v Ip-Øp-∂-Xn-∂v k-am-\-am-sW-∂v H-cn-bv-°-¬ A-bm-ƒ Xp-

d-∂p-]-d-™-sX. am-t\-P-dp-sS A-]o-Xn `b-∂v hm-b-\ \n-dp-Øp-I-b-√

D-ss_-Zv sN-bv-XXv. A-bm-fp-sS Io-gn-ep≈ tPm-en-I-f™pw hm-bn-°m-

\p-≈ kzm-X-¥yw \n-e-\n-dp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.


14


Ip-º-f ap-\o-dp-¬ C-kvemw kv-Iq-fn-se sl-Uv-am-Ã-dp-sS I-tk-

c-bn-em-Wv A-Sp-Ø A-[y-b-\-h-¿-j-Øn¬, 1928˛¬, D-ss_-Zn-s\ \mw

Im-Wp-∂Xv. si-dq-¬ km-ln_p-sam-∂n-®v ]-h-¿-Øn-°m-\p-≈ A-h-k-c-

ap-≠m-bn F-∂-Xm-Wv ]pXnb sXm-gn-en-Sw sIm-≠p≠mb sa®w. A-hn-sS

tPm-en sN-bvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-s°-bm-Wv A-t±-lw hn-hm-ln-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xv,

1929˛¬. iw-\m-s´ sN-°d-≥-sIm-Sp kn-Fw am-ln-s‚ c-≠ma-sØ a-

Ifm-b \-ô-k-bm-bn-cp-∂p a-W-hmń. A-©ma-sØ h-bÊn-¬ ]n-Xm-hv

a-cn®p-t]m-hp-I-bm-¬ A-\m-Ybm-b s]-¨-Ipń. t]-cp-tI-´ a-X-]-`m-j-I-

\m-bn-cp-∂ I-f-\m-s´ sI-]n l-k-≥-Ip- n au-e-hn-bp-sS s]-ß-fp-sS aI-ƒ.

D-ss_Zpw D-‰-kp-lrØm-b l-k-≥-Ip-ń au-e-hnbpw H-cp tlm-´-en-en-

cp-∂v Nm-b-Ip-Sn®p-sIm-≠n-cn-s°-bm-Wv hn-hmlm-tem-N-\ Xp-S-ßp-∂Xv.

A-Sp-Ø-Sp-Øn-cp-∂v Nm-b Ip-Sn-°p-∂-h-¿-°n-S-bn-¬ B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\v

G-‰hpw A\p-tbmPyw hm-sam-gn-bm-W-t√m. AØ-c-sam-c-h-k-c-Øn-¬

AX-sbm∂pw D-Nn-X-a-√m-Ø h-c-sam-gn-bm-Wv aue-hn hnhm-lm-tem-

N\-°v sX-c-s™-Sp-ØXv. ]Xn-s\m-∂v h-bkp-Im-cnbm-b \-ôk-sb

]-Øp-hbkv Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈ D-ss_-Zv \n-°m-lv sN-bvXp. ho-Sp-Iq-S-¬ \m-

ep-h-¿-j-tØ-°v \o-ń-sh-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. 1933˛em-Wv hn-hm-lm-\p-_-

‘-®-S-ßp-I-ƒ \-S-°p-∂Xv. hn-Zym- ym-k-]-Nm-c-I\pw hn-⁄m-\-tIm-iw

D-]-tZ-i-I-k-an-Xn Aw-Khpw bq-\n-th-¿-kn-‰n ss^≥ B¿Svkv ^m-°¬-

‰n sa-ºdpw F-gp-Øp-Im-c\pw kv-Xo-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚ h-‡mhp-sam-

s°bm-b D-ss_-Zn-s‚ m-cy-°v kz-¥w-t]-sc-gp-Xm-\p-≈ ]-Tn-∏p-am-X-ta

D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q. F-∂m-¬ A-Xv X-ß-fp-sS Ip-Spw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn-¬

bm-sXm-cp X-c-Øn-ep-≈ A-tem-k-c-ßfp-ap-≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂n√.

]-Xn-s\-´v cq-] iº-fw sIm-≠v Po-hn®p-t]m-Im-\m-hn-s√-∂v D-d-

∏m-b-tXm-sS D-ss_-Zv H-cn-°-eq-sS D-tZym-Kw cm-Pn-sh-°p-∂p. 1930 Pq-

em-bv 21˛\m-bn-cp-∂p B cmPn. ]p-kv-X-I-°-®-h-S-am-bn-cp-∂p ]pXn-b

]-cn-]mSn. F-≥. a-Ωp-™n au-e-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p Iq-dp-I-®-h-S-°mc-≥. B

kw-cw-`hpw hn-P-bn-°n-s√-∂m-b-t∏m-ƒ Iq-dv ]n-cn-bp-Ibpw I-®-h-S-i-aw

D-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw sN-bvXp.

A-¬ A-ao-≥ hn-Sm-sX hm-bn-°p-Ibpw ap-lΩ-Zv A-–p-d-lvam-≥

km-ln-_n-s\ lr-Z-b-Øn-¬ t]-dn \-S-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-s∂mcmƒ tIm-

¨-K-kv A-\p-`m-hn-bmIp-I kzm-`m-hn-I-am-W-t√m. D-ss_-Zn-s‚ Po-hnX-

Ønepw A-ßs\-sbm-cp Im-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. tIh-em-\p- m-h-Øn-\-∏p-dw

km-am\yw k-Po-h-am-bn ]-h-¿-Øn-®n-cn-°m-≥ C-S-bp≠v. A-ß-s\-bm-h-


15


Ww 1930˛¬ D-ss_-Zv Im-k-¿-t°m-Sv tIm- -K-kv I-Ωn-‰n sa-º-dm-bn-Øo-

¿-∂Xv. G-I-tZ-iw A-©m-≠p-Im-ew B cm-„o-b \n-e-]m-Sv \o-fp-∂p-≠v.

1931˛¬ ap-CÊp-¬ C-kvemw kw-L-Øn-s‚ sk-I´-dn ÿm-\w

G-s‰-SpØ-Xv D-ss_-Zn-s‚ Po-hn-X-Øn-se \n-¿-Æm-b-I kw-`-h-am-bn-

cp∂p. Im-k-¿-t°m-Sv Xm-eq-°n-se ap-kvenw-I-fpsS kmw-kv-Imcn-I

\-thm-∞m-\w D∂w sh-®v Xp-Sßn-b kw-L-am-W-Xv. Ccp]Ønaqt∂m

Ccp]Øn\mtem h-bÊn-s‚ C-f-a-bn-em-Wv D-ss_-Zv A-Xn-s‚ sk-I-´-

dn-bm-Ip-∂Xv. 1933 sa-bv H-∂n-\v ap-Ckp-¬ C-kvemw kv-Iq-fn-¬ A-[ym-]-

I-\m-bn D-ss_-Zv ho≠pw F-Øp∂-Xv A-ß-s\-bmWv. D-ss_-Zn-s‚-bp-

≈n-se km-aqln-I ]-h-¿-Ø-I-≥ ]q¿-Æ-tXm-Xn-¬ ]p-d-Øp-h-cp∂-Xn-\v

C-S-bm-bXpw A-ß-s\-bm-Wv. Cu Np-a-X-em-_-lp-e-X-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-em-Wv,

1932˛¬ X-s‚ B-Zy-sØ Ir-Xn, ‘\-h-c-Xv-\-amen-I’ F-∂ t]-cn-ep-≈

Io¿-Ø-\ k-am-lm-cw ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-bv-°-s∏Sp∂Xv.

D-ss_-Zv ]n-Xm-hm-Ip∂Xv 1934˛em-Wv. B h-¿-j-amWv aqØa-

I-ƒ kplv-d ]n-d-°p-∂Xv. (1940-˛¬ ]nd∂ ssaaq-\bpw ]n∂oSp ]nd

∂ km_n-dbpw H∂c hb-sØp∂ thf-I-fn¬ acn-®p- t]m-hp-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p.) D-ss_-Zn∂v ]nXm-hm-b-Xp-t]mse k-t¥m-j-I-cam-b H-c-\p-

`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p 1935˛¬ ap-Cp-¬ C-kvemw kv-Iq-fn-¬ F´mw ¢m-kn-\v

Aw-Ko-Im-cw e-`n-®Xv. hn-Zym-`ym-k C-≥-kv-s]-Œ-dm-bn-cp-∂ ap-lv-kn-≥

k-lm-bn-®Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv A-Xv km-[y-am-bXv. A-t±-lw A-hnS-sØ

A-[ym-]-I\m-b D-ss_Zn-\v H-cp D-]-tZ-ihpw \-evIn. a-e-∏pd-Øv sN-

∂v A-[ym-]-I ]-cn-ioe-\w I-gn-bv-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p AXv. B D-]-tZ-iw

A-t±l-sØ h-√m-sØm-cp hn-j-a-hr-Ø-Øn-em°n. F-´mwX-cw ]mkm-

b-h¿-°v am-X-ta A-[ym-]-I ]-cn-io-e-\-Øn-∂v t]m-Im-\mhq. Xm-\m-I-

s´ H-cp Z-im-–w ap-sº, F´mw X-c-Øn¬ tXm-‰-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v ]T-\w

D-t]-£n-®-bm-fmWv. F-¶nepw ]T-\w ]p-\-cm-cw-`n-°m\pw ]-cn-ioe-\w

I-gn-°m\pw \n-›-bn®p.

Aß-s\ H-cp hym-g-h-´-Øn-\p ti-jw, 1936˛¬ ho≠pw hn-Zym-e-

b-Øn-¬ tN-¿∂p. F-´m-w X-cw ]m-km-bn-ń-√m-Ø Xm-≥, a-e-bm-fw ]-Tn-

∏n®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ F´mw ¢m-kn-¬ A-[ym]-\w Xp-S¿-∂p sIm-≠n-cn-s°

X-s∂-bmWv, AtX ¢mkn¬ H-cp hn-Zym-¿-∞n-bm-bn D-ss_-Zv tN-cp-∂-Xv.

1937˛¬, X-s‚ 28˛ma-sØ h-bkn-¬ F-´mwX-cw ]mkm-hp-Ibpw ]-cn-io-

e-\-Øn-\v t]m-Im-\p≈ tbmKy-X t\-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp.


16


D-ss_-Zn-\v A-sXm-cp ]-co-£-W-Im-e-am-bn-cp∂p. s]m-Xp-Po-hn-

X-Øn-¬ H-cp hn-f-°p-am-S-am-bn h-¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ si-dq-¬ km-ln-_n-s‚

hn-tbm-Kw H-cpX-cw A-\m-YXzw kr-„n®p. A-t±-lw \n-¿-∆-ln-®n-cp-∂

Np-a-X-e-I-fn-¬ Nn-e-Xp-Iq-Sn G-s‰-Sp-t°-≠n h-cn-Ibpw X-s‚ D-Ø-c-

hm-ZnXzw Iq-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. ap-Cp-¬ C-kvem-an-s‚ `m-cn-® Np-a-X-

e-I-ƒ-s°m-∏w D-ss_-Zn-\v A-øq-¿ P-am-A-Xp-¬ C-kvem-an¬ si-dq-¬

km-ln-_v h-ln-®n-cp-∂ sk-I´-dn ÿm-\w Iq-Sn G-s‰-Sp-t°-≠n h∂p.

A-Xn-∂n-S-bn-¬ ]n-Xm-hn-s‚ A-kp-Jhpw IqSn. ]p-Xp-h-¿-j-Øn-s‚ Xp-

S-°-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p ap-Cp-¬ C-kvem-an-s‚ hm-¿-jnIm-tLm-j ]-cn

-]mSn. 1938 P-\p-hcn 8\v. A-∂p-cmXn X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]n-Xm-hv B-en-

°p-™n-lmPnbp-sS a-c-W-hpw.

H-cp \n-e°pw am-dn-\n-ev-°m-\m-hm-Ø hn-[w Ip-Sp-ßn-°n-S-∂n-cp∂

s]m-Xp-]-h-¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚ Np-a-X-e-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v c-≠m-≠p-Im-e-tØ-°v

am-dn-\n-ev-°m-\p-≈ A-hk-cw ssI-h∂-Xv A-[ym-]-I -]-cn-io-e-\-Øn-

\m-bn B h¿-jw a-e-∏p-d-tØ-°v ]p-d-s∏-´-tXm-sS-bm-Wv. km-ln-Xy-

Im-c\m-b D-ss_-Zn-∂v A-\n-hm-cy-am-b t]m-j-I-ß-ƒ e-`n-bv-°p∂-Xv

A-°m-e-ØmWv. F-gp-Øpw hm-b-\bpw ]-Tn∏pw ]-kw-Khpw F-Un-‰nwKp-

sam-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p A°me-sØ ]-[-\ ]-cn-]m-SnI-ƒ. ssS-\nw- Kv kv-

Iq-fn-¬ \n-∂v ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂ B-\p-Im-en-I-Øn-¬ A-t±-lw I-hn-

X-I-sf-gpXn. am-∏n-f-∏m- pI-sf Ip-dn-®v Ku-c-h-tØm-sS B-tem-Nn-®n-cp-∂

]p-∂-bq-¿-°p-fw hn. _m-∏p- a-e-∏pdsØ A-[ym-]-I ]-cn-io-e-\- Im-eØv

Xs‚ k-l-]m-Tn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Fkv. sI s]m-s‰-°mSv, am∏n-f-dhyp amkn-

I-bp-ambn _‘-s∏ v ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ h-°w A-–p-¬ Jm-Z-¿ Xp-Sßn-b

km-ln-Xy ]-Xn-`-I-fp-am-bp-≈ ku-lr-Zw km-[y-am-Ip-∂Xpw A-°m-e-

Øm-Wv. km-aqln-I tk-h-\-Øn-¬ H-Xp-ßn-t∏m-Im-am-bn-cp-∂ D-ss_-Zn-

s‚ I-¿-Ω a-fi-e-Øn-\v Iq-Sp-X-¬ kmw-kv-Imcn-I D-≈S-°w \-ev-Inb-Xv

A-[ym-]-I ]-cn-io-e-\Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v th-Ww A-\p-am-\n-°m-≥.

a-e-_m-dnse A-[ym-]-I-hn-Zym-¿-∞n-Iƒ-°p th-≠n X-e-t»-cn _n C Fw

]n kv-Iq-fn-¬ sh-®p- \-SØn-b km-ln-Xy-a-’-c-Øn-¬ ]-kw-K-Ønepw

lm-ky-`mjW-Ønepw k-Ωm-\w t\-Sp-∂-Xn-¬ A-Xn-s‚ Kp-W^-ew

\mw Im-WpIbpw sNøp∂p.

c-≠p-h-¿j-sØ A-[ym-]-I ]-cn-ioe-\w ]q-¿-Øn-bm-°n 1940

am¿-®v B-dn-\v a-e-∏pd-Øp \n-∂v Xn-cn®p-t]m-cp-tºm-ƒ D-ss_-Zn-\v 31

h-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]mbw. A-tX h¿-jw G-]n-¬ H∂mw Xob-Xn Xs∂


17


ap-Cp-¬ C-kvem-an-¬ A-t±-lw ho≠pw A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn tN-¿∂p.

aq-∂p-h-¿-jw I-gn-™-t∏m-ƒ A-Xv ssl-kv-Iq-fm-bn D-b-¿-Ø-s∏-´p. A-

Xns‚ ss]a-dn hn-`m-K-Øn-¬ 1946 G-]n-¬ 2 \v ]-[m-\m-[ym-]-I-\m-bn

D-ss_-Zv Np-a-X-e-tb-‰p. 1969˛s‚ H-Sp-hn-¬ A-hn-sS \n-∂v ]n-cn-bp-∂-Xph-

sc B Npa-X-e Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. A-tXmsS Xm-≥ A-[ym-]-I\m-b

hn-Zym-e-b-Øn-s‚ A-hn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-t±lw.

bm-X-bn-e-s√-¶n-¬ Dss_Zv A-hn-sS-bp-≠m-Ipw. cm-hn-se F-´p-a-Wn-°v

kv-Iq-fn-se-Øpw. D-Æm\pw D-d-ßm\pw am-X-ta ho- n¬ t]m-bn-cp-∂p≈q.

X-s∂-tØ-Sn h-cp∂-h-scm-s°bpw Im-W-ms\-Øn-bn-cp∂-Xv X-s‚ hn-Zym-

e-b-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p. H-cn-bv-°-ep-a-S-°m-Ø hn-Zym-ebw. X-f-¶-c-°m-cp-sS

km-aqln-I kmw-kv-Imcn-I tI-µ-am-bn B hn-Zym-eb-sØ h-f-¿-Øn-sb-

SpØ-Xv D-ss_-ZmWv. \m-´p-Im-cp-sS a-\n-¬ kv-Iq-fn-s\ Ip-dn-®p-≈

hn-Nm-cw D-W-cp-tºm-sgm-s°bpw sX-fn-™p-h-∂n-cp∂-Xv D-ss_-Zn-s‚

Nn-X-am-bn-cp∂p. Aßs\ ap-Cp-¬ C-kvemw kv-Iq-ƒ P-\Io-b

hy-hlm-c tc-J-bn-¬ hf-sc hf-sc kzm-`m-hn-I-ambn ‘D-ss_-Zv-®m-s‚

kv-Iq-ƒ' F-∂v X-¶-en-]n-I-fn-¬ Ip-dn-bv-°-s∏´p.

Dss_-Zns‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßfneqsS IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ

\ΩpsS IÆn¬ ]Xnbp∂ hnti-j-ß-fn-sem∂v Xosc tNcn-s√∂v

tXm∂n-b-h-bpsS ca-Wo-b-t®¿®bpw AXp-≠m-°nb at\m-l-c-^-e-ß-

fp-am-Wv. I∂U am[y-a-Øn¬ ]Tn-bv°p-I. F∂n´pw ae-bm-f-Øns‚

h‡m-hm-IpI F∂Xv IuXp-I-I-c-amb Imcy-am-Wv. Dss_Zv ioen®

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ, _Æhpw Xncn∏pw ]Z-hp-sa√mw Xan-gp-h-XvIrX

ssien-bn¬ cNn-bv°-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. Bflm-hn-temfw thcp-I-fm-gvØnb

am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ Xan-gp-h-XvIrX ssien am‰n-sh-°m\pw ]Icw ae-bm-

f-]-Zm-h-en-bn¬ ]ms´-gp-Xm\pw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂n-S-ØmWv B \ne-]mSv

al-Ø-c-am-Ip-∂-Xv. t\ctØ ]d™ IuXp-I-Øn\v Im¥n-tb-dp-∂-

Xpw. X\n-bv°p-In-ńb t]cv A_vZp-dlvam≥ F∂v. Xm≥ kzoI-cn-®Xv

Dss_Zv F∂pw. AtX t]cn¬ Hcp ktlm-Z-c\pw D≠m-hp-I. F∂n´pw

X∂-Øm≥ kzoI-cn® t]cn¬ ]kn-≤-\m-hp-I. CXmWv as‰mcp hnNn-

Xm-\p-`-hw. Dss_Zv F´mw ¢mkn¬ tXmev°p-∂p. F∂n´pw Fńse

A[ym-]-I-\m-Ip-∂p. ]Tn-∏n-®p -sIm-≠n-cnt° Xs∂ AtX ¢mkn¬ ]

Tn-bv°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-bp-am-Ip-∂p. Abmƒ Xs∂ henb hnZym- ymk ]

Nm-c-I-\m-Ip-∂p. anI® A[ym-]-I\p≈ Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-\m-Ip-∂p.

Cßs\ FXtbm sshcp-[y-ß-fpsS ktΩ-f\w krjvSn-°p∂ Nmcp-X-

bm¿∂ ê-ß-fmWv Dss_-Zns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ImWm-hp∂ Imcyw.


18


amXr-`m-jm-tk-h\w

NXpc-I-ho-µ-∑m-scmSp hn⁄-cp˛

acp-fp-a-aq-ey-°m-gvN-Iƒ t\Sn

P\n-X-k-ssa-Iy-t£-a-k-ar-≤n-Iƒ

aXn-h-cp-thmfw ˛ X\p-P-cn-teIn

P\-\n-N-bm-Z-c-samSp hnP-bn∏q

aa ae-bmfw

ae-\mSpw ae-bm-f- m-jbpw Sn. Dss_-Zn-s∂mcp hnIm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p,

Bflm-hn¬ Aen™p tN¿∂ Xoh-hn-Im-cw. B hnIm-cm-th-i-tØmsS

tIc-fsØ hmgvØn-s°m-s≠-gp-Xnb Ihn-X-bmWv ‘tIc-f-Km-\w.’ sFIy-

t£-a-k-ar-≤n-Iƒ Acp-a-°n-Sm-ßƒ°p \evIm≥ ae-\m-Sns\ ]m]vX-

bm-°n-bXv Iho-µcpw hn⁄cpw \evInb Aaq-ey-°m-gvN-I-fm-sW∂v

Ihn Icp-Xp-∂p.- kzmX¥yk-ºm-Z-\hpw sFIytIc-f-hp-sams° e£y-

am°n XpS-ßnb ]ÿm-\-ßƒ DW¿Øn-sb-SpØ sFI-a-Xyhpw ]mc-

kv]-cy-hp-sams°, Dss_Zv Cßs\ ]mSpw ImeØv Dujva-f-XtbmsS

\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv t\cm-Wv. F¶nepw B sFIyhpw AXp-hgn

h∂p tNcp∂ t£a-k-ar-≤n-Ifpw s\Sp-\mƒ CutSmsS ]pe-cp-∂-Xn∂v

hgn-ap-S-°n-I-fm-tb-°m-hp∂ H´p-h-fsc s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Iƒ D≈n¬

t]dp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p tIc-fob kwkvIr-Xn-sb∂v ASp-Øp-\n∂v ]

cntim[n-®m¬ a\kn-em-Ipw. tIc-fob P\-X°v Xßsf kmam-\y-ambn

Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ e`n® ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ Xs∂ AXv ImWmw.


19


ae-\m-Sns‚ amXr-`m-j-°p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ A\n-hm-cy-tbm-KyX

C∂m-´p-Im-cmb B¿°pw, Xßsfbpw Xß-fpsS kwkvIm-c-sØbpw

BI-Øp-I-bn¬ ]Im-in-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww AsX-∂p-

≈-Xm-Wv. F√m hn`mKw P\-ß-fp-tSbpw ]Z-ßfpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw

]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw sFXn-ly-ßfpw CuW-ßfpw Ae-

¶m-c-ßfpsa√mw Aen-™p-tN¿∂v Dcphw sIm≠-Xm-bncn°-W-a-Xv.

At∏mƒ amXta Hmtcm ae-bm-fn°pw CXv Xs‚ `mj-bm-sW∂

hnIm-c-ap-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. A√mØ ]£w at‰-sXmcp `mj-tbbpw

t]mse AsXmcp A\y-`m-j-bmbn Xs∂ \ne-sIm-≈pw. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv Imhy-`m-j-tbbpw am\-I-a-e-bm-f-tØbpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥

tIc-fo-b-¿ Gsd-t∏cpw ]bmks∏-´-Xv. Cu ]Xn-k‘n a\kn-em-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. F∂-√, Xß-fpsS ]c-º-cm-KX mj-bn¬ hyh-l-cn-

®-t∏mƒ hnI-e- m-jm-]-tbm-K-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿ cq£-ambn Bt£-

]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apgp-h≥ ae-bm-fn-I-fp-tSbpw amXr- q-an-bmWv

tIc-f-sa-¶n¬ apgp-h≥ tIc-fo-b-cp-tSbpw `mjm-kvXn-Iƒ Dƒt®¿∂-

Xm-bn-cn-°Ww ae-bm-f- m-j-. Hgn-®p-\n¿Øm-\m-hmØ Cu P\m-[n-]-Xy-

h-XvI-cWw \S-∂n-ń-s√-∂-XmWv ae-bm-f-Øns‚ alm-Zp-c-¥w.

‘tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan’sb∂Xv shdp-samcp Xe-

hm-N-I-a-√. AsXmcp BZ¿iw IqSn-bm-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-aq-ey-ß-fn¬

Xmev]-cy-ap-≈-h¿°v Bthiw \evIp∂ BZ¿iw. amXr-`m-jsb

Ipdn®v ASn-t®-ev]n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ Xncp-

Øm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ BZ¿iw. \ΩpsS Imhy-`m-jbpw KZy-`m-j-

bp-sam∂pw apgp-h≥ tIc-fo-b-cp-tSbpw `mjm-kvXn-Iƒ A¿ln-°p∂

A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ Dƒt®¿∂p≠mb-X-√. ae-bm-fn-bpsS h¿Ø-am-

\-Ime amXr-`m-jm-hn-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ am\Iaebmfw -am-Xta ]cn-K-

Wn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≈q. s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-ßfpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw ]

X-]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw km[y-amb Hcp Ime-Øns‚ ê-amWv

]pXnb ae-bm-fw.- A-Xn\p apºsØ amXr- m-jm\ne ad∂p sIm≠mWv

\man∂v \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Atßm´v hgnIm´p∂ Nne t^mkn-ep-

Iƒ C∂pw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]g-s©m√pI-fmbn ]Xn™p InS-∏p-≠v.

‘Bdp-a-e-bm-fn°v \qdp-a-e-bm-f’-am-sW∂v GXv ae-bm-fn-°p-a-dn-

bmw.- PmXnt`Zhpw tZi-hy-Xym-khpw hnizm-k-ssh-hn-[y-hp-sam-s°-

bmWv Cu sNm√ns\ km[q-I-cn-°p∂ kml-Ncyw tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠m-°n-


20


b-Xv. PmXn-t_m[w a\p-jys\ amX-a-√, Ah-\p-®-cn-°p∂ mj-tbbpw

D®-\o-N-Xz-a-\-tmsS AI‰n -\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Nne-cp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

`mjmcq]w anI-®Xpw _lp- q-cn-]-£-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb mjm-

cq-]-ßƒ tæO-ßfp-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bm-bXv Aß-s\-bm-Wv.

]k-h-]-Inb, ]k-hn-°p∂ kvXobpsS kmaq-lnI \ne-b-\p-k-cn®v

‘Xncp-h-b-sdm-gn-b-em’bpw ‘s]¨PmXn Ipc-ßn-S-em’bpw amdn-bn-cp∂p \

ΩpsS amXr-`m-j-bn¬. sXm´p-Iq-sS∂pw Xo≠n-°q-sS∂pw PmXn-\n-b-am-

hen hne-°n-bXpw AI‰n \ndp-Øn-bXpw Bfp-Isf amX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√,

Ah¿ samgnbpw hm°p-Isf IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ‘ae-bmf Ihn-X’-bpsS

ssIIm-cy-I¿Øm-°ƒ, Npcp°w A]-hm-Z-ßƒ am‰n \ndp-Øn-bm¬,

ta¬Pm-Xn-°m-cmb sNdp\yq\-]-£-am-bn-cp-∂p. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬

]X-am-kn-I-Ifpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw hgn KZy-`mj am\-Io-I-cn-°-

s∏-´-t∏mƒ ta¬ hn`m-K-tØm-sSm∏w IrkvXym-\n-Iƒ IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-

°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

At∏mgpw ae-_m¿ am∏n-fbpw Cug-h\pw BZn-hm-knbpw a‰-t\

Iw Iogm-f-P-\-Xbpw ]m´p-sI-épw ]mSepw t]mse-bp≈ hnti-j-hy-

h-lm-c-ß-fnepw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ kmam-\yhyh-lm-c-ß-fnepw

\nc-¥cw G¿s∏-Sp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Xß-fp-tS-Xp-

am-X-amb ]Z-ßfpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw

sFXn-ly-ßfpw CuW-ßfpw Ae-¶m-c-ßfpw Iev]-\-I-fp-sam-s°-

bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-h-bn-eq-sS-b-√msX Xßsf ]q¿Æ-ambn Bhn-jvI-

cn-°m-\m-hn-s√∂ \ne h∂ps]Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AXm-Is´

Xß-f-√m-Ø-h¿°v Bg-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Aß-s\-bmWv ‘Bdp-a-e-bm-fn°v \qdp-a-e-bmfw’ \S-∏n-em-b-Xv. ape-∏m-en-

t\m-sSm∏w Xßƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°nb mjm-kvXn-Iƒ am\-I-`m-j-bn¬

th≠-hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. Ah \mS≥]m-´p-I-fmbpw

Kmay-]-Z-ß-fm-bp-sams° AI‰n \ndp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]mT-

]p-kvX-I-ß-fnepw ]X-am-kn-I-I-fnepw a‰pw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xn\v \n›-bn-°-s∏´ `mjmam\-Z-WvU-ßƒ Ahbv°v Aip≤n Iev

]n®p am‰n\n¿Øn. sFIy-tI-c-f-Ønse BZysØ Xe-apd A[ym-]-

I¿, kmam-\y-P-\X Xß-fpsS kz¥w amXm-°-fn¬ \n∂v G‰p-hm-ßnb

`mjm-hn-ti-j-ßsf Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßfn¬ \n∂v A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬

ASn-®psIm-gn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. am[y-a-ßƒ `mjm-ip-≤n-bpsS t]cn¬

kap-Zm-b-ßsf am\-lm\n hcp-Øp-amdv Bt£-]n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.


21


Aß-s\-bmWv, Xßƒ°v hg-ßp-∂Xpw Xßsf Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-hp-

∂-Xp-amb `mtjm-]m-[n-Isf Bflm-hn¬ \n∂v Adp-Øp-am-‰m\pw Hcp

lrZ-b-_-‘-hp-an-√mØ htc-Wy-h¿§-Øns‚ mj-bn¬ hyh-l-cn-°m

\pw Ah¿ \n¿∫-‘n-X-cm-b-Xv.

\mcm-b-W-Kpcp tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI hnπ-h-Øns‚ alm-

Nm-cy-\m-Wv. hnZy-bp-tSbpw hyh-km-b-Øn-t‚bpw hne th≠p-thm-

f-a-dn-bm-hp∂ Kpcp-hn\v hm°ns‚ hne a\n-em-ImsX t]mIm-\n-S-

bn-√. ⁄m\w t]mse-Øs∂ Ihn-Xzhpw ssIap-X-em-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂

ÿnXn°v hnti-jn-®pw. Acp-hn-∏p-dØv ‘Cug-h-»n-hs\’ ]Xn-jvTn®

Kpcp-hn\v ]t£ Xs‚ Ihn-X-bn¬ Cug-h-P-\-X-bpsS `mjm-kvXn-Iƒ

]Xn-jvTn-°m≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. io\m-cm-bW [¿a ]cn-]m-e-\m¿∞w

kwÿm-]n-X-amb kwL-Øns‚ Imcy-Z¿in-bmbn XpS°w sXm v Gsd-

°mew kap-Zmb tkh\w sNbvX km£m¬ Ipam-c-\m-im-∂p-t]mepw

`mj-bn¬ kz¥w kap-Zm-bsØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n-ń-√.

ae-bm-fhpw ae-_m¿ am∏n-fbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ Ipdn®v

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ thWw ]p\-cm-tem-Nn-°m≥. ae-bm-fsØ

\mb¿`m-j-bmbpw Cw•o-jns\ \c-I-`m-j-bmbpw IW-°m-°nb

am∏nf\ne-]mSv th≠p-thmfw hna¿in-°-s∏´XmWv. F∂m¬

CXns‚ adp-hiw AXbpw Xmev]-cytØmsS ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-ńń-√.

\ΩpsS alm∑mcmb FgpØpIm¿ Fßs\bmWv am∏nfamsc

AhXcn∏n®sX∂vIqSn ImtW≠Xp≠v. aebmf kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-

fn¬ apkvenw IYm-]mX-ßƒ BZy-Im-eØv Xosc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p.

AXv hfsc kzm`m-hn-I-am-sW∂v a\Ên-em-°mw. F∂m¬ Akzm-

`m-hn-I-amb Imcyw BZy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ apkvenw IYm-

]m-X-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ ‘Zpc-hÿ’-bnse

am∏n-f-®nXw alm-Ihn Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ Gsd N¿®

sNø-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. tZiob hmZn-bmb alm-Ihn h≈-tØm-fns\ Ipdn®v

adn-®mWv a\Ên-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. k‘ym-]-Wm-aw, ]mwkp-kv\m-\w,

PmXIw Xncp-Øn, A√m-lv, Ims´-en-s°mcp IØv XpS-ßnb Ihn-

X-I-fn-eqsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ CkvemanI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS at\m-lm-

cnX IqSn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ ian-®, icn-bmb tZiob t_m[-Øm¬

]tNm-Zn-X-\mb Ihn-bm-W-t±-lw. Aß-s\-bp≈ h≈-tØm-fns‚

t]mepw BZy-Ime cN-\-I-fn¬ ImWp∂ am∏n-f-bpsS hmMvab NnXw


22


FXbpw \oN-amWv:

“]ncn-™p-ap-dpIn hf™aoi, sN¥o

s∏mcn NnXdpw angn, h´-samØ XmSn

lcn, lcn ba\pw \Sp-ßp-sam-∂-˛-

°-cn-a-e-bs‚ Icm-f-amb h‡w

shdn-b-\-h-\,-Xm-Xn-SØv Xń˛

∏dn sXmgn-em-bn-∏p-ecpw apl-Ω-Zo-b≥”

‘Hcp \mb¿ kvXobpw apl-Ω-Zo-b\pw’ F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂p-≤-cn®

hcn-Iƒ apt∂ ]d™ h≈-tØmƒ hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v H´pw \nc-°p-

∂-X-√. B ]m]-Øns‚ ]cn-lmcI¿Ωw IqSn-bmhWw taev]-d™

Ihn-X-I-fpsS cN-\. N¥p-ta-t\m≥ ‘Cµp-teJ-’bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂

apkvenw IYm-]m-X-Øn\v Iev]n-°-s∏´ ZuXyw I≈t‚bpw ]nSn-®p-

]-dn-°m-c-t‚bpw ]Wn-bm-Wv. IYm-k-µ¿`-Øn¬ Abm-sfmcp apkvenw

\ma-[m-cn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn¬ kuµcyimkvX-]-c-amb ]k-‡n-sbm-∂p-an-

s√-∂p-IqSn Hm¿°-Ww. kmam-\y-sa∂v hnfn-°m-hp-∂-X-s√-∂-Xp-t]mse

Xs∂ Xo¿Øpw H‰-s∏- -Xp-am-bn-cp-∂√ \ΩpsS amXr- m-j-bpsS A`n-am-

\- m-P-\-ß-fmb kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Cu kao-]-\w. k¿§m-flI cN-

\-I-fn¬ Cu hn[w Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ImeØv AXn\v

hnt[-b-cm-bn-cp∂ Hcp P\-X-tbm-SmWv -a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ hyh-l-cn-t°-≠-

Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xsb Ipdn®v amXr-`m-jm-`n-am-\n-Iƒ hmNm-e-cm-b-Xv.

AXn\v AX-sb-fp-∏-Øn¬ A\p-Iqe ]Xn-I-c-W-ap-≠m-Im-Xn-cp-∂Xv

hfsc kzm`m-hnIw amXw.

CXnt\mSv tN¿Øp-hm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv \ΩpsS ]finX∑m¿ am∏n-

f-`m-j-tbm-Sv kzoI-cn® \ne-]mSv. ‘Dss_-Zns‚ Ihn-X-bn-eqsS’ IS-∂p-

t]m-Ip∂ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬

AXv a\Ên-em-Ipw. “Dss_-Zns‚ Ihn-X-bn¬ Ad_n kwkvIm-c-Øn-

t‚bpw Ckvemw aX-Ønt‚bpw, `mc-Xob ]mc-º-cy-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ hne-

£-W-ß-fmb At\Iw Awi-ßƒ Aßnßv AXy¥w sXfn-™p-

Im-Wmw. ]g-b-a-ń¬ ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Ah -tæ-O-L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv.” Dss_Zv kvamc-I-K-Ÿ-Øn-emWv Cu ]cm-a¿i-ap-≈-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚

Ihn-X-bn¬ Xm≥ ImWp∂ tæO-L-S-I-ß-fmb Ad_n kwkvIm-c-Øn-


23


t‚bpw Ckvemw aX-Øn-t‚bpw Awi-ß-f-Xbpw am∏n-f-am¿°n-S-bn¬

\q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-cp-∂-hbpw BZ-cn-°-s∏´pt]mcp-∂-h-

bp-am-sW∂v Adn-bmØbmf√ kmwkvIm-cnI hna¿i-I≥ IqSn-bmb

Ago-t°m-Sv. htc-Wy-hn- m-K-ßƒ°nS-bn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√

F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mImw Ah tæO-ß-fm-b-Xv. apgp-h≥ tIc-fo-b-cp-tSbpw

`mjm-kvXn-Iƒ Dƒt®¿∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww \ΩpsS amXr-`mj F∂

t_m[-Øn-te-°p-b-cm≥ aSn-°p∂ Hcp a\Êns‚ k¶p-Nn-X-hn-Nm-c-

Øn¬ \n∂mWv Cß-s\-sbmcp ]cmXn ]nd-°p-∂-Xv.

ae-bm-fsØ am∏n-f-am-cpsS IqSn amXr- m-j-bm-°m≥ ]‰nb BZy-

tØXpw AXn-i-‡-hp-amb ]cn-i-a-am-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zn-t‚-Xv. AXv

AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ago-t°m-Sn\v Ign-bmsX t]mbn. AtX at\m-`m-h-

tØmsS ae-bm-f- m-jsb kao-]n® a‰p-≈-h¿°pw Ign-™n-√. kh¿Æ-

cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-Im-kvXn-I-fn¬ amXw A`n-c-an-°p∂ mjsb a‰p-≈-

h¿°p-ta¬ ASn-t®-ev]n-°p-∂-XmWv e-Øn¬ CØcw kao-]-\-ßƒ.

\n›-nX Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿h-ln®v Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw Ncn-X-Øn-

te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-Im≥ Hcp-ßp∂ Ime-Øm-Wv Dss_Zv kmln-Xy-

cw-K-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. ‘Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw \oWmƒ hmgs´’ F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ Dss_-Zns‚ apZm-hm-Iyw. AsXm-∂msI Akw-

_-‘-am-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. am∏n-f-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-Im-

kvXn-I-f-Xbpw ImØp-kq-£n-®p-sh® \ne-h-d-bmWv Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fw.

AXp-ap-gp-h≥ Bhm-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂v, am∏n-f-am-cpsS IqSn k¿§m-flI

hym]m-c-Øn\v ka¿∞-am-Ip-amdv Icp-Øp≈ `mj-bmbn ae-bm-fsØ

am‰n-Øo¿°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p icn-bmb hgn. AXv Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw

B hgnsb t_m[-]q¿∆w I∂n-bmX \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX mjm-t]-

an-bmWv Sn. Dss_-Zv.

Imk¿t°m-Sns‚ am∏n-f-∏m- p-]m-c-ºcyw CutS-dn-b-Xm-Wv. A∂m-

ńse samKm¬ Kmaw ‘Ci¬ Kmaw’ F∂v hnfn-bv°-s∏-´Xv Hm¿°p-

a-t√m. ae-bm-fsØ Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fØns‚ IqSn ]Zßfpw ]tbm-K-

ßfpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw sFXn-ly-ßfpw CuW-ßfpw

Ae-¶m-c-ß-fp-sa√mw k∂n-th-in-∏n®v kº-∂-am-t°-≠-Xp≠v F∂

hnth-I-Øn-te°v Dss_-Zns\ \bn-®Xv B ]mc-º-cy-Øn-ep≈ AKm-

[-⁄m-\-am-Wv. AsXm-cp-°n-s°m-Sp-ØXv hoń-t‚bpw \mń-t‚bpw

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-]m-c-º-cy-am-Wv. Dss_-Zns‚ Ip™p-a-\Ê v A\p-io-e\w


24


sIm≠ BZysØ k¿-§-ime Ab¬]-°sØ sXmgn¬im-e-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. AhnsS sXm∏n Xp∂p-∂-h¿ ]mSnbpw ckn®pw h∂ ]m´p-Iƒ

tI´mWv Dss_Zv Ci-ep-Ifpw ]Zm-h-enbpw ]Tn-®-Xv. Xf-¶-c-bnepw

sXcp-h-Øp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ a°m-\n-I-fn¬ \n∂v ta¬∏-Tn-∏n\pw Ah-k-

c-ap-≠m-bn. A°m-eØv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn tPmen sNbvXn-

cp∂ sXs° ae-_m-dp-Im-c≥ am∏n-f-°hn ‘]ø¬ Aen’bn¬ \n∂v

cN-\m-k-t¶-X-ßfpw ioen-®p.

Ben-_m-_-bp-tSbpw \mev]-sØm∂v I≈-∑m-cp-tSbpw IY

]mń-em-°n-s°m-≠mWv Dss_Zv cN-\m-tem-I-tØ°v ]th-in-°p-

∂-Xv. Jmkn A_vZp√ lmPn-bpsS ac-W-Øn¬ A\p-tim-Nn°p∂

IhnX, Xs∂ kΩm-\m¿l-\m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aIs‚ cN-\m-ssh-

`hw Xncn-®-dn™v k¥p-jvS-\mb ]nXmhv Ben-°p-™n-lmPn kΩm

-\n® jmfp-a-Wn-™p-sIm-≠mWv Dss_Zv B IhnX Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

t]mb-Xv. Ihn-Xm-h-X-cWw \S-∂-Xm-Is´ ]≈n-bn¬ sh®pw.

ae-bm-fw, I∂U, Ad-_n, DdpZp XpS-ßnb `mj-I-fn¬ t\Snb

]mhoWyw am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ klm-b-I-am-bn.

]sØm-ºXpw Ccp-]Xpw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ cNn-bv°-s∏´ ]m´p-I-fmWv

Dss_-Zns‚ kq£va-]-T-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-b-sX∂v At±-l-Øns‚

]_-‘-ßƒ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. ]tXy-In®pw tambn≥Ipń

sshZy¿, Nm°ocn XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ. Aßs\ am∏n-f-∏m- ns‚

kt¶-X-ß-fptSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-t‚bpw Bg-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-s®-

√m≥ Dss_-Zn-∂-h-k-c-ap≠mbn. AXns‚ kuµcyw lrZ-b-Øn¬

\nd™p Ihn-™p. tIm∏pw Ign-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXv ]I¿∂p

\evIm-\p≈ Bth-i-hp-ap-≠m-bn. Bem-]-\-ti-jn, ]kw-K-]m-S-hw,

kmln-Xy-a¿Ω-⁄X F∂nh AXn\v klm-b-I-am-bn.

t\ctØ kvIqfn-se-Øp∂ Ipń-Isf Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw ]Tn-

∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv ae-bm-fsØ P\m-[n-]-Xy-h-XvI-cn-°m-\p≈ Xs‚

ia-ßƒ°v Dss_Zv XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXp-a-\

Êv s]mXp-hnepw ]cn-jvI-c-W-hm-Zn-a-\Êv hnti-jn®pw Ad-_n-a-e-bm-

f-tØmSv Ah-⁄bpw Ah-K-W-\bpw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ ImeØmWv

Dss_Zv Cu ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿Øpw kuP-\y-am-bn-cp∂p

Cu tkh-\w. H∂pw c≠pw sIm√-a-√, XpS¿®-bmbn Ccp-]Xv h¿j-

amWv At±lw Cu A[ym-]\w \S-ØnbXv. AXbpw sIm≠-dnbmw

Xs‚ ia-Øn\v Dss_Zv Iev]n-®n-cp∂ ]m[m\yw.


25


am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ°v ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w Btem-

N-\m-hn-j-b-am-Ip-∂Xv Ah c≠n-t\bpw tN¿Øp-sh®v ]Tn-b-°m≥

Nne¿ ian®p XpS-ßn-b-t∏m-gm-Wv. am∏n-f-km-ln-Xy]T\-ta-J-e-bn¬

auen-I-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \evInb Xnaq¿Øn kw-L-Øn¬ H. B_p-

hn\pw ]p∂-bq¿°pfw hn. _m∏p-hn-\p-sam∏ap≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv Ihnbpw

Imhy-\n-cq-]-I\pw hymJym-Xmhpw Kmb-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Sn. Dss_-Zm-

bn-cp-∂p.

Bbn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cØn \mev]-tØ-gn¬ tImgn-t°m-´p-

sh®v tN¿∂ ka-kvX-tI-cf kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øns‚ ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v

sImgp-t∏-Im-\mWv kwLm-S-I¿ Dss_-Zns\ £Wn-®-Xv. sIÊ v

]mSp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Xs‚ \ntbm-Kw. ‘irwKm-c-c-k-]-[m-\-ß-fmb sIÊp-

]m- p-Iƒ ]mSn-t°ƒ°p-∂Xv sIm≠p-amXw am∏n-f-km-ln-XysØ Ipdn-

®p≈ sX‰n-[m-cW amdp-I-bn-√.’ At±lw kwLm-S-Icn¬ Hcm-fmb

]n.-F. apl-ΩZv tImb°v Fgp-Ø-b-®p. ]Icw AtX ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬

am∏n-f-∏m- p-Isf Ipdn®v ]kw-Kn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v At]-£n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IØv kzmK-X-kwLw ]kn-U≠v h¿§okv If-

Øn-en\v ssIam-dn. ‘B ]kwKw AX \∂m-Iptam?’ AXm-bn-cp∂p

F√m-h-cp-tSbpw Bi-¶. A∂v Nµn-I-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-

cp∂ kn.-F-®v. aplΩZvtImb AS-°-ap-≈-h-cpsS CS-s]-S¬ hgn Hcp

]kw-Km-h-kcw Dss_-Zn∂v ssIh-∂p.

Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-apƒs∏sS, tIc-fob kmwkvIm-cnI `qan-I-bpsS

Hmc-ß-fn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h-cpsS `mjm-kvXn-IƒIqSn Dƒs°ms-≠-¶n¬

amXta ae-\m-ńse apgp-h-\m-fp-I-fp-tSbpw amXr-`m-j-bmbn ae-bmfw

amdp-I-bp-≈q-sh∂v Dss_-Zn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v ae-

bm-f-Ønse alm-]-Xn- -I-fp-ambn kwhm-Z-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm-\p≈ thZn-bm-

Wv Dss_Zv tNmZn-®p-hm-ßn-b-Xv. AXv AX Ffp-∏-amb Imcy-a-s√∂v

At±-l-Øn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Hcp-]mSv Zn\-cm-X-ßƒ

]T-\-Øn\pw ]cym-tem-N-\-°p-ambn sNe-h-gn-®p-sIm-≠mWv At±lw

B ]kwKw Fgp-Xn-Ø-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv.

]q¶p-bn-ep-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Im°-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xnse HuNn-

XysØ Ipdn-®p≈ Bi¶ ]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv H∂c aWn-°q¿

ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ ]kwKw Dss_Zv XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. (B Bap-J-`mKw Hgn-

hm-°n-bmWv amXr-`q-an- Xs‚ ]kwKw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv.) "tæOmw-i-


26


ßƒ' Xo≠mØ Imhy- m-j-bn¬, am\-I-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ kmln-Xy-c-N\

\S-Øp-∂-h¿°n-S-bn¬ Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-]m-c-º-cy-°m-c-s\-¥p-Imcyw

F∂mWv tNmZyw. B kmln-Xy-th-Zn-bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-cm-b-h¿°n-S-bn¬

Akv]-jvS-am-sb-¶nepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ s]mXp-hm-sbm-cm-i¶ D®-Øn¬

tNmZn®v Hcp kwhm-Z-apJw Xpd-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zv.

am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ Ncn-Xhpw ]tXy-I-X-Ifpw hnh-cn-®p-sIm-

≠v, irwKmchoc-c-k-ßƒ Be-]n-®p-Zm-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v Dss_Zv ]

kw-Kn-®p. IpXn-c-Øm-f-Øn-ep≈ hcn-Iƒ a[p-c-a-t\m-l-c-ambn ]mSn.

]uV-I-hn-X-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-I-cm-bn-cp∂ timXm-°ƒ am∏n-f-∏m- ns‚

tX\n-i-en¬ ebn-®n-cp-∂p-t]m-bn. ]S-°-f-Øn-te°v t]mIp∂ Xcp-W-

\mb sambvXo≥Ipń amXm-hn-t\mSv hnS-hm-ßp-∂, ‘ae-∏pdw ]S-∏m- n’se

hnIm-c-\n¿`-c-amb hcn-Iƒ ]mSn-hn-h-cn-®-t∏mƒ lmfns‚ Hcp-h-iØv

HXp-ßn-bn-cp∂ kvXoIƒ ]ecpw ssIte-kp-sIm≠v IÆo-scm-∏n.

‘ae-bm-f-km-ln-XysØ Ipdn®v N¿® sNøp-t∂-SØv am∏n-f-∏m- p-Im-c∂v

F¥p-Imcyw’ F∂v kwi-bn-®n-cp-∂-h¿°p≈ adp-]-Sn-bmbn “am∏n-f-∏m-

ń-s\-∏‰n IqSn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°mØ ae-bm-f-km-lnXy NcnXw A]q¿Æ-

am-sW”∂v Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp-∏ns\s°m≠v ]d-bn-°p-∂Xn¬ sN∂mWv

B ]kwKw Iem-in-®-Xv. am∏n-f-∏m-´p-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS tX\m-dp-Iq-Sn-

sbm-gp-Ip∂ ]qhm-Sn-bmbn ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xym-cm-asØ amt‰-≠-Xp-≠∂v

sXfn-bn® ]kw-K-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Cu ]cy-h-km-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬ Btem-Nn-°p-tºm-gmWv Dss_Zv Bap-J-Øn¬ \S-Ønb ‘Im°’ ]cm-a¿iw FX-ta¬ Xo£vW-am-sW∂v \mw A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Bth-i-`-cn-X-cmb ap∏Xv kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m¿ H∏p-sh®v, Dss_-

Zn∂v ]tXyI kΩm\w \evI-W-sa∂v kwLm-S-I¿°v \nth-Z\w \

evInbsX. Bsc-¶nepw FXn¿Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ AXv \S-°m-sX-

t]m-b-Xv. Imin-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. B h¿jw sabv,

Pq¨ amk-ß-fn-¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb e°-ß-fn-embn amXr- qan ]kvXpX

]kwKw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ kwLm-S-

I¿°pw AXn¬ kw_-‘n-®-h¿°pw ]kw-Kn-°m≥ Ah-kcw hmßn-

s°m-Sp-Ø-h¿°p-sa√mw ]c-a-k-t¥m-jw. Aßs\ tImgn-t°mSp ]

cn-j-Ønse G‰hpw D÷z-e-amb ]kw-K-ambn AXp-am-dn. ASpØ

c≠p-]cn-j-’tΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw am∏n-f-∏m´v N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-hp-Ibpw

hnj-bm-h-Xm-c-I-\mbn Dss_Zv Xs∂ \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.


27


ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Ønse alm-c-Y-∑m-cpsS kwK-a-th-Zn-bmb kmln-Xy-

]-cn-j-Øns‚ \n¿hm-lI kan-Xn-bn-¬ AwK-am-bn-cn-°m\pw At±-l-

Øn\v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn.

Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ \ntXym-]-tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

]Z-ßfn¬ t]mepw ae-bm-f-Øn∂v A]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fm-bh Gsd-bp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_n, lnµp-kvXm-\n, Xangv XpS-ßnb `mj-I-fn¬ \n∂v

AtX-cq-]-Øntem A√-d-Nn-√d hyXym-k-ß-tfmSv IqSntbm Ad-_n-a-e-

bm-f-Øn-te°v hm°p-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Ahbv°v ]e-t∏mgpw

aqe-`m-j-bnse A¿∞w Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw Iev]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°pI.

A¿∞-t`-Z-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´-h-bp-ap-≠v. Cßs\ ]e-cq-]-

Øn¬ Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-]Z-k-©bØn¬ kzcq-]n-°-s∏´ hm°p-Iƒ

tiJ-cn-®v, \njv]Øn Is≠-Øn, A¿∞-ßfpw DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw

klnXw ae-bm-f-Øn\v e`y-am-°p-I-bmWv, ae-bm-fsØ am∏nf kulr-

Z-am-°p-∂-Xn∂v Dss_Zv sNbvX as‰mcp tkh-\w.

1953-˛¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ hnZym-`ymk a¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ ]\-ºn≈n

tKmhn-µ-ta-t\m≥ ]tXy-I-Xm-ev]-cy-sa-SpØv iqc-\m´p Ip™≥

]n-≈sb ae-bm-f-a-lm-\n-L-≠p-hns‚ Npa-X-e-tb-ev]n-°p-∂-tXm-

sS-bmWv Cß-s\-sbmcp tkh-\-Øn\v If-sam-cp-ßp-∂-Xv. 1971-˛¬

eIvkn-°≥ FUn-‰¿ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v At±lw hnc-an-°p-tºm-tg°v

Ggv hmey-ß-fn-embn Bkq-XWw sNø-s∏´ \nL-≠p-hns‚ apgp-h≥

Ic-Sp-cq-]hpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw BZysØ c≠p-hm-ey-ßƒ ]pd-Øn-

d-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ap∏-Ø©v e£w C≥UIvkv Im¿Up-I-fp-

≠m°n, Ahsb A]-K-Yn-®p-]-Tn®v Adp-]-Ø-øm-bncw ]pd-ß-fp≈

Um^v‰mWv iqc-\mSpw kwLhpw Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv. ae-bm-f-]-Z-ßsf

ae-bm-f-Ønepw Cw•o-jnepw hymJym-\n-°p∂ Cu \nL≠p temI-

Ønse Xs∂ anI® \nL-≠p-°-fn¬ H∂mbn ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ hnti-jn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv ap-gp-h≥ hmey-ßfpw C\nbpw ]pd-Øp-h-∂n- n-s√-¶n-epw.

ae-bmf alm-\n-L-≠p-hn∂p th≠n hmsam-gn-bmtbm hc-sam-gn-

bmtbm e`n-°m-hp∂ ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n tiJ-cn-°m-\mbn iqc-

\m´p Ip™≥]n≈ Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®p. B bmX-°n-S-bn-emWv, 1955-˛¬

Ip™≥]n-≈bpw Icn-ºpg cma-Ir-jvW\pw IqSn Dss_-Zns\ I≠p-

ap-´p-∂-Xv. B kulrZw Ip™≥]n-≈sb am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ alXzw a\

kn-em-°m≥ klm-bn-®p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ae-bmf alm-\n-L-≠p-hn¬

am∏n-f-∏-Z-ßƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\-am-bn. Ah tiJ-cn-°m


28


\pw hymJym-\n-°m\pw G‰hpw tbmKy-\mb Dss_-Zns\ XZm-h-

iym¿∞w Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ \nL≠p Imcym-e-b-Øn-te°v £-Wn-

®p. 1958 \h-º-dn¬ eIvkn-°¨ Hmô-kn¬ IqSnb kulrZkZÊn¬

sh®v Xm≥ sNbvX ‘hoW-]q-hn’s‚ I∂U ]cn-`mj Dss_Zv Ah-X-

cn-∏n-®-Xmbn sh≈m-bWn A¿÷p-\≥ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. 1969-˛¬

\nL-≠p-hn∂p th≠n ]Z-kw-`m-h\ sNøm-\mbn Xm≥ £Wn-®-X-

\p-kcn®v Dss_Zv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv h∂p-Xm-a-kn-®-Xns\ Ipdn®v

Ip™≥]n≈bpw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Aßs\ ]e-t∏m-gmbn Xncp-h-\-¥-

]p-csØ \nL≠p Imcym-e-b-Øn¬ t]mhp-Ibpw AhnsS Xma-kn®v

am∏n-f-∏-Z-ßƒ kw`m-h\ \evIp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn a\Ên-em-°mw.

]Z-ßfpsS \n-jv]-Øn-tbm-sSm∏w Ah-bpsS ]tbm-tKm-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ

IqSn \evIp-∂-XmWv ae-bm-f-a-lm-\n-L-≠p. Ad-_n-a-e-bmf ]Z-ßfpw

Ah-bpsS \njv]-Ønbpw Ah ]tbm-Kn® hcn-I-fp-a-S°w hen-sbmcp

tiJcw Xs∂ Dss_Zv Hcp-°n-bn-´p-≠m-I-Ww. AXns‚ Bghpw ]

c-∏p-a-dn-bm≥ ae-bmf alm-\n-L-≠p-hns‚ apgp-h≥ hmey-ßfpw ]pd-

Øp-h-cp-thmfw ImØn-cn-°p-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q.

tIcf k¿°m-dns‚ ae-bmfw F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-UnbbpsS D]

tZi-I-k-anXn AwK-am-bn-cp∂ Dss_Zv am∏n-f-∏m-´v, Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw

XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ [mcmfw io¿j-I-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-

Xn¬ \n¿Wm-bI ]¶p-h-ln-®-Xmbn sh≈m-bWn A¿÷p-\≥ A\p-

kva-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa sX°≥tI-c-f-Øn¬ iqc-\m-Sn-

s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ kw_-‘n-°p∂ Imcy-Ku-c-h-ap≈

kmln-Xy-th-Zn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xsb Ipdn®v

s]mXp-hnepw am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ `mj, kmln-Xy-ku-µ-cyw, kmaq-ln-Imw-

i-ßƒ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßsf ]‰n ]tXyIn®pw N¿® sNøp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. 1962 apX¬ Bdp-h¿j-tØ°pw 1971 apX¬ ac-W-]-cy-¥hpw

hln® kmlnXy A°m-Zan AwK-Xzw, 1968 apX-ep≈ kwKo-X-\m-SI

A°m-Zan AwKXzw XpS-ßnb HutKym-KnI ]Z-hn-I-sf√mw CXn∂v

klm-b-I-am-bn. ]Xn-`bpw ]Xn-_-≤-X-tbm-sS-bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\hpw

hgn kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-ambn ÿm]n-°m≥ Ign™ lrZ-b-_-‘-ßƒ

am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ D∂-a-\-Øn-∂m-bmWv hn\n-tbm-Kn-bv°-s∏-´-Xv. C∂pw

BtLm-jn-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂, iqc-\m´p Ip™≥]n-≈-bpsS ‘lpkv\p¬

Pam¬’ ]T\w ]nd-°p-∂Xpw NµnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ AXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sams° Dss_-Zns‚ lrZ-b-_-‘-Øns‚ KpW- -e-am-Wv.


29


A\p-Kr-loX am∏n-f-∏m-s -gp-Øp-Im-c-\mb ap\o-dns‚ AXn-kp-µ-

c-amb ‘Pao-e-’s°-gp-Xnb ]uV-amb Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬ am∏n-f-∏m- p-Iƒ

ae-bm-f-]-Zm-h-en-bn¬ hnc-Nn-X-ambn ImWm-\p≈ BKlw Dss_Zv

]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ‘k_oZ’sbgp-Xp-tºmƒ ap\o¿ AXv A£cw

]Xn ]men-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. A°m-cy-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn hnP-bn-°msX

t]mbXv Dss_Zv Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]pcm-hrØw t]mse-bp≈ Imhy-I-e-

bpsS hnØ-d-I-fn-te°v `mh\ hnI-kn-°p-tºmƒ hfsc kzm`m-hn-I-

ambn Xs∂ ‘ip≤’-a-e-bm-f-Øn∂p ]cn-N-b-an-√mØ am∏n-f-∏-Zm-h-en-bn-

te°v Dss_-Zns‚ `mj amdp-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. AX-sbm∂pw Bg-ß-fn-

te°v t]mImØ cN-\-I-fn¬ ‘ip≤’-a-e-bmfw hnf-bm-Sp-∂Xpw ImWmw.

]Z-ß-fpsS ]c-kv]-c-t®¿® aqew A¿∞m-tem-N\ t]mepw A\p-

h-Zn-bv°m-Ø-hn[w Ahn-iz-k\o-b-amb KXn-th-K-Øn¬ Hgp-In-h-cp∂

‘tIc-f-Km\w’ kwkvIr-Xm-Xn-]-k-c-ap≈ Ihn-X-bm-Wv:

“AXp-enX ku`m-Ky-Øn-I-hm¬ \¬

]pI-sfm-fn-]qcw XqIn hnf-ßpw-

A-\n-Xc kZvKpW imen\n amaI

tIc-f-dm-Wo, Pb-Pb P\\o

A`n-\h `mcX `qj-W-am-In\

kpa-[p-c-hmWo”

]IrXnku`m-Ky-ß-fn¬ Na-s™m-cpßn \nev°p-∂, dmWnbpw P\-

\n-bp-ambn Iev]n-bv°-s∏´ tIc-f-\m-Sns\ Ipdn-®p≈ h¿Æ\ XpS-

ßp-∂Xnßs\-bm-Wv. Be-]n-bv°m≥ \n›-bn-°-s∏´ ioep-sIm≠v

s]cp-°p-∂p≠v Bkzm-Z-Is‚ BÀm-Zw. AXm-Is´ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-

bpsS CuW-]m-c-º-cy-Øn\v FXbpw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb ‘Acpƒ]-Xn-a°’ F∂-t]-cn-ep≈ am∏n-f-∏m-ń-i-em-Wv. “]p≈p-h-∑mcpw IWn-bm-∑mcpw

]pe-b-∑mcpw a‰p sNdp-P\hn`mKßfpw ]mSn-h∂ ]m´p-Iƒ t]mepw

ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-X-Øns‚ mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]Øv ap∏Xv

e£w hcp∂ am∏n-f-am¿ \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ]mSn-t∏m∂ Ad-_n-a-e-bm-

f]m´pIfpw kmln-Xyhpw Al-ey-sb-t∏mse I√mbn InS-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp∂p”sh∂v kn]n io[-c≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn\v im]-

tam£w \evIp-I-bmWv B ]m´p-Itfbpw Ah-bpsS ioep-Itfbpw IqSn

ae-bmf kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-º-cy-Øn-te°v Nmep-Io-dn-sbm-gp-°pI hgn


30


Sn. Dss_Zv sNbvX-Xv. h©n-∏m- ns‚ Xmf-Øn¬ IptN-e- ‡n Km\w

sNbvX cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-cycpw ]Nm-c-ep-]vX-ß-fmbn t]mbn-cp∂ \mS≥

ioep-I-fn¬ Bem-]-\-£-aX ap‰n \nev°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ Na® Nß-

ºp-gbpw AXp-hgn ae-bmf Ihn-X°p \evIn-b-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv A\-¥c

ImeØv DØ-c-tZ-i-°m-c-\mb Dss_Zpw sNbvX-Xv. Acpƒ]-Xn-a-°,

H∏-\-®m-b¬, apln-∫p-\q¿ XpS-ßnb Ci-ep-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ IhnX

cNn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xmf-L-S-\-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n®p At±-lw. F∂m¬

cma-]p-cØp hmcy¿°pw Nß-ºp-g°pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ Inńb ]cn-K-

W\ F¥p-sImt≠m Dss_-Zn\v A\p-h-Zn-bv°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√.

Bem-]\ thfbn¬ Ihn-X°v i_vZ-ku-µcyw ]I-cp∂Xn¬

]mk-hy-h-ÿ-bv°v henb ]¶p≠v. FXp-I, tam\ XpS-ßnb t]cp-

I-fn¬ Nne ]mk-ßƒ Xan-gp-]m-c-º-cy-Øn-eqsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ t\

ctØ Xs∂ \S-∏n¬ h∂n-´p-≠v. am∏n-f-∏mń\v a[pcw ]I-cp∂ ]

e-Im-cy-ß-fn-sem∂v ]m´p-sI-´p-∂-h¿ ]mń¬ tN¿°p∂ ]mksshhn-

[y-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-¤-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Iºn, Igp-Øv XpS-ßnb ]mk-®-

´-ß-fnse√mw \√ [mc-W-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zn-∂v. A¿∞-tZmjw

hcmsX Ci-semØ Ihn-X-I-sf-gp-Xm≥ CXv At±-lsØ ]m]vX-\m-

°n. AXp-hgn am∏n-f-∏m-ńse ]mk-hy-h-ÿ-Isf IqSn ae-bm-f-Øn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Xm≥.

Imhy-I-e-bpsS hnf\n-e-ß-fn¬ ][m\w aX-am-sW-∂-Xn∂v

aXn-bmb sXfnhv ae-bm-f-I-hnXbn¬ Xs∂ ImWmw. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬

\nt∂m IrjvW-Km-Y-bn¬ \nt∂m XpS-ßp∂ ssIc-fn-bpsS Ihn-Xm-

]m-c-ºcyw B[p-\nI Ihn-X-b-Øns‚ Imew hscsb¶nepw hnØpw

hfhpw ssIs°m-≠Xv sshZn-I-aX ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. ]e

hgntb Hgp-Ip∂ kmwkvIm-cn-I-∏-e-a-Isf tN¿Øp-]n-cn-s®m-cp-°p∂

]mi-Øn∂p amXta tZisØ Hcp-a-bn¬ \n¿Øm-\m-hq-sb∂ tZi-

hn-Nmcw i‡n-s∏´ Ime-ØmWv Assh-ZnI atX-Xn-hr-Ø-ß-fn-te°v

ae-bm-f-Ønse tZi-hn-Nm-c-]-tNm-Zn-X-cmb `mh-\m-im-en-I-fpsS ]

Xn` ssI\o-ń-b-Xv. Ih-\-I-e-bpsS sImSp-apSnbn¬ sImSn \mń-b-h¿

F∂v ]cs° kΩ-Xn-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ dqanbpw Pmanbpw Da¿J-ømapw

A√mam CJv_mepw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Ihnk©bw IhnX cNn-bv°m≥

XqenI ap°n-bXv CkvemanI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS tX\-d-I-fn-em-Wv.

Aß-s\-sbmcp DZyaw C∂m-ń¬ Dss_-Zn¬ \n∂p-≠m-b-t∏mƒ,


31


ta¬]-d-™-h-sc-sb√mw alm-I-hn-I-fmbn ImWp∂ \ncq-]-I¿°v

t]mepw AXns‚ aqeyw a\Ên-em-bn-√. ae-bm-f-tØmSv ]pdw-Xn-cn™p

\n∂n-cp∂ tIc-f-Ønse apkvenwIƒ°p-IqSn kmwkvIm-cn-I-®m¿®-

bp≈ `mj-bmbn ae-bm-fsØ P\m-[n-]-Xy-h-XvI-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p

At±-lw. AtXmsS \_nbpw s]cp-∂mfpw t\mºpw Jp¿-B-\p-sams°

ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpsS CXn-hrØ k©n-I-bn¬ CSw t\Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

an\m-chpw Nµ-°-ebpw ]≈n-bp-sams° ae-bm-f-Ønse ]Xo-I-ß-

fmbn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

am∏n-f- kmln-XysØ, ]kw-Kn®pw ]T-\-ß-sf-gp-Xnbpw ]pe-h-

∑m-sc-t∏mse ]mSnbpw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zv. hy‡n-]-

c-amb CØcw ia-ßƒ°-∏pdw kmln-Xy-kw-Lm-S-I-cpsS klm-b-

tØmsS skan-\mdmZn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n°m\pw Dss_Zv ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. kmln-Xy-sk-an-\m-dp-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ henb

anSp°v -Im-Wn-®n-cp∂ ]nF skbvXp-ap-l-Ω-Zns‚ klm-bw At±lw

\nc-¥cw tXSn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. t\cn¬ ImWp-tºmƒ Aß-s\bpw A√m-

Ø-t∏mƒ FgpØv aptJ-\-bpw. Hcp am∏n-f-kmlnXyskan-\m¿ kwL-

Sn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Xmev]-cyw. 1968-˛¬ Bep-hm-bn¬ s]cn-bm-dns‚

Xoc-Øp-sh®v Ccp-hcpw Btem-Nn®v Hcp cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°n. 1970- ¬

Ipýmap kmln-_ns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ ho≠pw HØp-Iq-Sn. skbvXp-

ap-l-ΩZv I¨ho-\¿ ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp. knF®v apl-ΩZv tImb-

bpsS t]m’m-l-\-hp-ap-≠m-bn. kzXÊn-≤-amb ssien-bn¬ ‘tKm

t^m¿thUv’ F∂v ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv At±lw ]®-s°mSn ImWn-®-Xv.

1971 sabvamk-Øn¬ Xncq-c-ßm-Sn-bn¬ alm-Ihn tambn≥Ip- n-ssh-Zy¿

\K-dn¬ skan-\m¿ kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. Fw sI lmPn, Sn]n Ipým-ap-km-ln-

_v, Nm°ocn AlvaZvIpń Fw F¬ F, knF®v C_mlow lmPn,

bpF _ocm≥km-ln-_v XpS-ßn-b-h-cmbn-cp∂p kwLm-S-I¿. iqc-\m-

´p-Ip-™≥]n-≈-, t]w\-ko¿, sI]n tIi-h-ta-t\m≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿

AXn-Yn-I-fmbn Hmtcmtcm kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ skan-\m-dn¬ ]s¶-SpØp.

ae-bm-f-en-]n-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°nb Nm°ocn sambvXo≥Ipń-bpsS _Z¿]-S-

∏m´v ]Im-i\w sNbvXXv B skan-\m-dn-em-Wv. Ad-_n-a-e-bmf KŸ-

ß-fpsS ]Z¿-i-\hpw am∏n-f-I-em-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \ntXy-\-bp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. skan-\m¿ thZn-bn¬ sh®v sI]n tIi-h-ta-t\m≥ Dss_-Zns\

s]m∂mS AWn-bn-°p-I-bpap-≠m-bn.


32


Dss_-Zns‚ Cuhn[-Øn-ep≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ê-sa-¥m-

bn-cp-∂p? ae-bmf kmlnXy kmwkvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ hfsc s]

s´-∂p-Xs∂ \√ ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp-≠m-°n- AsX∂v kn ]n io[-

c≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. “Dss_-Zns‚ teJ-\-ßfpw ]`m-j-W-ßfpw

krjvSn® Ae-sbmen ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬ DSs\ krjvSn-]-c-amb

cq]wsIm≠p. B ioenepw CuW-Ønepw cq]-`m-h-Ønepw ]pXnb

]pXnb Ihn-X-Ifpw ]m´p-Ifpw hm¿∂p-ho-Wp. hb-emdpw HF≥hnbpw

IrjvW-Ip-amdpw a‰-t\Iw Ihn-Ifpw Km\-c-N-bn-Xm-°fpw Dƒ°-\-

am¿∂ Ihn-X-Ifpw ]m´p-Ifpw Cu ioep-I-fn¬ cNn-®p. B hrØ-ß-

fn∂v ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS hrØ-ß-fm-bn amdnbn-cn-°p-∂p. kn\n-am-

Km\ cwKØv C∂pw AXns\mcp ta¬t°mbva Xs∂-bp-≠v. ae-bmf

Ihn-X°pw Km\-km-ln-Xy-Øn\pw cq]-]-c-amb ]pXnb NI-hm-f-ßƒ

ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp-sh-∂-XmWv Dss_-Zns‚ Cu IrXyw hcp-Ønb

]Xy-£-^-ew. ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpsS hf¿®°v ]pXn-sbmcp ckm-b\

NnIn-’-bpsS êw sNbvX-Xn\p ]pdsa ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn\v

as‰mcp t\´-hp-ap-≠m-°n. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ ]Z-k-ºØv AXv Ht´sd

h¿≤n-∏n-®p. teme-ar-Zp-e-ßfpw hotcym-tØ-P-I-ß-fp-amb At\Iw

am\-kn-I-`m-h-ßƒ°p amX-a-√, hyh-lmc temI-Ønse I¿°-i-

amb CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ°pw hn\n-a-tbm-]m-[n-bmbnØo¿∂ \qdp-I-W-°n¬

]Z-ßƒ Cu kmln-Xy-]-]-©-Øn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p Inń.” 1954-˛¬ \oe-°p-bn¬ F∂ kn\n-a-bv°p th≠n cNn-bv°-s∏´ “Imb-

e-cn-IØv” F∂p-Xp-S-ßp∂ ]m´v ]q¿Æm¿∞-Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m-´mbn

AwKo-I-cn-bv°-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bn-√. F∂m¬ Dss_Zv ]N-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂ ]e am∏n-f-∏m-´w-i-ßfpw s]mXp-k-aqlw G‰p-hm-ßn-b-Xns‚ ]

Xy-t£m-Zm-l-c-W-am-W-Xv.

Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv Dss_Zv ae-bm-fsØ am∏n-f-ku-lr-

Z`m-j-bm-°m≥ s]Sm-∏m-Sp-s]-´-Xv. B ia-ßƒ°v Icp-tØ-dnb

]n¥p-S¿®-bp-≠m-bn√. AXv th≠-hn[w Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏SpI t]mep-ap-

≠m-bn√. AXmWv B ia-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-h-f¿® ]m]n-°msX apc-Sn-

®p-t]m-Im≥ Imc-W-am-b-Xv.

.


33


cm-„o-bw kmap-Zm-bnIw

F-≥ Km-\w ]-g-©-\m-sW-∂m-In-em-bv-s°m≈s´

Xm-¶-sf-≥ ]m-ń-s\-s∂ hn-´m-ep-a-e-´msX

kwL¿j-`-cn-Xhpw ka-c-ap-J-cn-X-hp-amb Hcp Ime-ØmWv

Dss_-Zn\v Pohn-t°≠n h∂-Xv. tImf\n hmgvN-bp-tSbpw ae-_m¿

Iem-]-Øn-t‚bpw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-ß-fp-tSbpw kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øn-

t‚bpw C¥ym-hn- -P-\-Øn-t‚bpw t\mhpw thhp-a-\p- -hn® Hcp Pohn-Xw.

tNmcbpw hnb¿∏pw Nmen-s´m-gp-Inb Imew. Nn¥m-]-c-amb tImfn-f-

°-ßƒ krjvSn® Bi-b-ßƒ ]nd-°p-Ibpw am\-k-ßsf ]nSn-®p-Ip-

ep-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Im-ew. kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ I¿a-a-WvU-e-

ß-fn¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂ Dss_-Zn\v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°msX Hgn™p

\nev°m-hp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ Ch-bn¬ ]eXpw. ]tXy-In®pw cmjvSo-bw.

hmb\mkzmX¥yw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-sa-¶n¬ tPmen t]mepw

ths≠∂v sh°p∂ at\m-`m-h-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zv. Xs‚ BZy-

Ime Bi-b-tkm-XÊv ‘A¬Aao≥’ ]X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xms\gpXnb

BZysØ teJ\w ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´Xpw B ]X-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-

Wv. A_vZp-dlvam≥ kmln-_ns‚ BZ¿i Pohn-Xhpw A¬-A-ao≥ hgn

]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ cmjvSob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw Dss_-Zns\

tIm¨KÊp-Im-c-\m-°n-b-Xn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-s\m-∂p-an-√. 1930˛34


34


Ime-Øv Im-k-¿-t°mSv tIm-¨-K-kv I-Ωn-‰n AwKm-bn-cp∂p A-t±lw.

sshImsX Dss_-Zv cmjvSob ]h¿Ø\ thZn amdp-Ibpw

apkvenweoKns‚ Bi-b-]-Nm-c -I-\mbnØocp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tIm¨Kkpw apkvenweoKpw 1937 apX¬ AI∂p XpS-ßp-Ibpw

AI¬® A]-cn-lm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw \mev]-tXmSp IqSn ]mIn-

kvXm≥ cq]o-I-cWw eoKns‚ e£y-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu

hn[w k¶o¿Æ-ambnØo¿∂ Hcp cmjvSob kml-N-cy-ØnemWv

At±lw eoKn-∂p-th≠n ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. 1937˛se

eJvs\m k-tΩ-f-\-Im-ew ap-X-¬-s°-¶nepw Dss_Zv eo-Kv cm-„o-b-

tØm-sSm-∏-ap≠v.

Imk¿t°m´pw ]cn-kc ]tZi-ß-fn-epw ap-kv-enw-eo-Kv sI-ń-

∏-Sp-°m-\mbn Cd-ßn-Øn-cn® am-ln-≥ iw-\mSns‚ hewssI Dss_-

Zm-bn-cp∂p. at©-iz-cØv apkvenweoKv IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p∂-Xns\

Ipdn®v Btem-Nn-°m≥ 1938 P\p-hcn 10-˛\v tN¿∂ tbmK-Ønse ]

[m\ ]kw-K-I\mbn At±-lap≠v. 1940-˛¬ tImgn-t°m´v sh®p \S∂

apkvenweoKv ktΩ-f\w it≤-b-am-Ip-∂Xv _wKm-ƒ ][m-\-a-¥n-bm-

bn-cp∂ auehn F. sI. ^k-ep¬ lJns‚ km∂n[yw sIm≠m-Wv.

A°m-esØ ][m-\-s∏´ eoKv ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn-se√mw Dss_-Zns‚

Km\-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. hf-≠n-b¿am¿ am¿®v sNøpI At±-l-sa-gp-Xnb

am¿®nwKv Km\-ßƒ ]mSns°m-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. apX-e-°pfw ssaXm-\

Øv tN¿∂ ktΩ-f\Øn¬ Dss_-Zns‚ ]kn-≤-amb ‘s]mßs´ Pb-

tLm-j-a-Xnkvemw knµm-_mZv’ F∂p XpS-ßp∂ ]m´v Cºn-®n-t°mb

F∂ _me≥ ]mSn-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp XhW ]mSn-Øotc≠ Xmakw ae-

bm-f-a-dn-bmØ ^k-ep¬ lJv thZn-bn¬ \n∂v ‘h¨kv tam¿’ F∂p

]d™v Bh¿Øn®p ]mSm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

]mIn-kvXm≥ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw apkvenweo-Kns‚ t\Xr-

\nc Iq´-ambn ]pXnb cmPy-tØ°v t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS

ÿXn-K-Xn-I-fmsI amdn-a-dn-™p. C¥y-bn¬ Xs∂ XpS-cm≥ \n¿∫-

‘n-X-cm-hp-Itbm Aßs\ Xocp-am-\saSp°pItbm sNbvX apkvenw

kmam-\y-P-\-Xbpw t\Xm-°fpw A`nap-Jo-Icn®Xv h√mØ ]Xn-k-‘n-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. kzX¥ C¥y-bnse apkvenwI-fpsS FÆw AX sNdp-

Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p-IqSn Hm¿°-Ww. Ing-°≥ _wKmfnte-Xpƒs∏sS

]mIn-kvXm-\nse apkvenw P\-kw-Jytbmfw hcp-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

]mIn-kvXm≥ cq]o-I-cWØns‚ KpW- ew ]mIn-kvXm-\n-te°v t]mhp-


35


Ibpw, hn`-P-\-Øns‚ _m[y-X-Iƒ C¥y≥ apkvenwIƒ Npa-t°≠n

hcnIbpw sNbvXp. Xßƒ°v C¥y-bn¬ cmjvSobambn kwL-Sn-

°pI Akm-[y-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. ]c-º-cm-KX apkvenw ]mT-im-eIfpw

kmwkvIm-cnI ÿm-]\-ß-fpw ]mIn-kvXm≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂n-√,

kzX¥ C¥y-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ°-I-Øm-bn-cp∂p IqSp-Xembn ÿnXn

sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. apkvenw kmap-Zm-bnI t\Xm°fpw ]WvUn-X-∑m-cp-

sa√mw cmjvSob cwKØp \n∂v ]n≥hm-ßp-Ibpw aX-Im-cy-ß-fn¬

HXp-ßn-°qSpIbpw sNbvXp. apkvenw t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ s]mXp-cw-KØv

\n∂p≈ ]n≥am‰w C¥y≥ apkvenwI-fpsS kmap-Zm-bnI cmjvSob

kmº-ØnI hnZym-`ymk ]iv\-ßƒ kwt_m-[\ sNø-s∏-SmsX InS-

°m≥ Imc-W-ambn. B \nÊ-lmbX-bn-te-°mWv JmCsZ an√Øpw

C¥y≥ bqWn-b≥ apkvenweoKpw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. ]n¥p-W-°m≥

Gsd-t∏-scm∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

apkvenwIƒ cmjvSobambn kwL-Sn-°Ww F∂v ]d-bp-∂-

Xv A]-I-S-I-c-am-bn-cp∂ B ImeØv t]mepw C¥y≥ bqWn-b≥

apkvenweo-Kns‚ ]Nm-c-I-\mbn cwK-Øp-h-cm≥ Dss_-Zn\v Hcm-i-¶-bp-

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. At±-l-sa-gp-Xnb ‘H∂mbv acn-®nSpw’ F∂ cmjvSob

Km\Øns‚ XpS°w Xs∂ Xs‚ ZrV\ne-]mSv hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.

“C¥y≥ apk¬am\p‰ Pam-AXv knµm-_mZv

C¥y-°-e-¶mcw apkvenweoKv knµm-_mZv”

Hm-c-ß-fn-te-°v H-Xp-°s∏-´h¿ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-cmsW∂p-≈

Im-gv-N-∏mSn\v H´pw ]n¥pW In´mØ Imew. h¿§ob hmZn-Ifpw

hnL-S\ hmZn-Ifpambn NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏´ apkvenweo-Kp-Im¿ Zbm¿l¿

t]mep-a-s√∂ s]mXp-t_m[w ]l-c-tijn IqSnb amc-Im-bp-[-ambn

Xo∏n-Sn®p \n∂ Imew. F-∂n´pw D-ss_-Zn-∂v eo-Km-hp-∂-Xn--\v H-cp

X-SÊ-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]m´p-I-sf-gp-Xp-Ibpw thZn-I-ƒ tXmdpw ]

kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw ]m´p-Iƒ ]mSp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v apkvenweoKv

cmjvSob thZn-Isf k¿§m-fl-I-am°n Dss_-Zv. 1954- ¬ ae-_m¿ Pn√m

Fw. Fkv. F^v. IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cW tbmK-Øn¬ ame ]mSnbpw mj-

hn-i-I-e\w sNbvXpamWv At±lw hnZym¿∞n-ItfmSv kwkm-cn®Xv.

ap-kv-enw-eo-Kv At±-lØn-s‚ B-¥cn-I m-hw X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p.

X-s‚ Im-hy-ß-fn-¬ ]-e-]m-Sv B-h-¿-Øn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈ H-cp hn-j-b-amWv

ap-kvenw sF-Iyw. ‘‘D-a-¿ P-\n-°s´” F-∂ I-hn-X-bn-¬ Cu Bi-bw


36


`w-Kn-bm-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v.

“H-∂m-bv l-_o-_p-√m s]m-≥-N-c-Sn¬ tIm¿-Ø

\-∑-Wn-I-ƒ kIew

Hmtcm hn-`mK-Øv Nn-∂n-°n-S-°p∂p

Im-¥n-bn-√m iIew”

Cu- On-Zm-h-ÿ-sb k-ap-Zm-b-am-Ip-∂ ]-≈n-bv-°v Xo-]n-Sn-®-Xn-

∂p k-am-\am-b ÿn-Xn-bm-bn-´m-Wv I-hn Im-Wp-∂Xv. A\n-hm-cy-amb

]cn-lm-c-Inb \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

‘H-´p-ta ssh-Im-sX k-¿-∆cp-sam-∂n®v

_m-¶v hn-fn-®o-Sp-ho≥

Hm-¿-°m-sX h-∂p `-hn-s®m-cp tLm-c

hn]-Øp \-f-¿-Øo-Sp-ho-≥

Np-s´-cn-™o-Sp-∂ ]-≈n-sb c-£n-∏m˛

t\m-Sn h-s∂-Øn-Sp-hn-≥

Np-‰p]m-sSm-t∂m-sS IØpw ap-sºmØp˛

tN-¿-∂n-Øo sI-Sp-Øo-Sp-ho-≥”

Cu kwL-Sn-X-i‡n a-‰m-¿-s°-¶nepw F-Xncm-b ]-S-sbm-cp-

°ambn-cp∂n-√. ap-kvenw-I-ƒ k-l-Po-hn-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ \n-¿-∆-ln-t°-≠

ZuXyw ]q-¿-Øo-I-cn-°-p-∂-Xn-∂p-≈ D-]m-[n-bm-Wv. sF-IaXyw -sIm-≠v

kp-i-‡hpw A-dnhp-sIm-≠vvv A-e-¶r-X-hpam-b H-cp-Ø-a k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-

cp-∂p D-ss_-Zn-s‚ e-£yw. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv ap-kvenw-eo-Kv D-ss_-Zn-s‚

kzm-`mhn-I lr-Z-b-hn-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v ]-d-bp-∂Xv.

eoKv ]h¿Ø\w At±-l-Øn\v Bcm-[-\m-I¿Ωw IWs°

hnip≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. \njvIm-a-am-bn-cp-∂p. XymK-kp-c-`n-e-am-bn-cp-∂p.

kmaq-lnI \∑ em°m-°n-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hmSI

sImSp-°m≥ Ign-bmsX Hmôkv Hgn™p sImSp-t°≠ KXn-tI-Sn-

se-Ønb ]ø-∂q¿ `mKsØ Hcp eoKpIΩn-‰nbpsS _m[yX kz¥w

_m[y-X-bmbn Xm≥ Icp-Xn-b-Xv. AXv sImSp-Øp-ho-´m-\mbn IYm-]-

kwKw \SØnbXv. _m[yX Xo¿Øp Ign-™n´pw _m°n-h-∂- ]

WØn¬ \n∂v Hcp Imiv t]mepw ]Xn-^-e-ambn ssI∏-‰m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.


37


cm-„o-b-w A-[nIm-cw t\Sm-\p≈ hgn-bm-Wv, A[n-Imc ]tbmK

imkvX-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ cmjvSob ]h¿Ø-I¿°v ÿm-\-am-\-ßƒ

`qj-W-am-Wv. F∂m¬ hy‡n-]-c-ambn AXn-sem∂pw Xev]-c-\m-bn-

cp-∂n-√, Dss_-Zv. A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ D-]-im-e-I-fn-¬ At±-lØn-s‚

\n-gep-t]m-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ÿm\-am-\-ß-fpsS taml-h-e-b-Øn¬

hoWp-t]m-bn-´p-an-√. ap-kv-enw-eo-Kn-s‚ kwÿm-\ D-]m-≤y-£-ÿm-\w

X-\n-°p t\-sc B-Z-c-]q¿-∆w sh-®p-\o-´-s∏-´-t∏m-ƒ hn-\-b-tØm-sS

B hm-Kv-Zm-\w Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p D-ss_Zv. a-t‰-Xp ta-J-e-bn-

ep-sa∂ t]m-se cm-„o-b-Ønepw B-Z-¿-i-hn-ip-≤n X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p

X-s‚ ap-J-apZ, em-fn-Xy-hpw. ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-ƒ \o≠Im-ew apkvenweo-

Kns‚ tIcf tÃ-‰v FIvkn-Iyq-óhv IΩn‰n Aw-Kw am-X-am-bn Xp-S¿-∂p

A-t±lw.

tI-c-f-Øn-se cm-„o-b kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS A-\n-hm-cy A-\-p_-‘-

ßfm-bn kmw-kv-Imcn-I kw-L-S-\-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. C¥y≥ bqWn-b≥

ap-kv-enw-eo-Kn-∂mh-s´ A-ßs\-sbm-cp kmw-kv-Imcn-I kw-LS-\tbm

kmw-kv-Imcn-I ]-h-¿Ø-\tam D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. km[y-am-bn-cp-∂n√

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw icn-bm-hp-I. kmln-XytØbpw Ie-tbbpw

Imcy-ambn ImWp-∂-h¿°v B¿°pw eoKns\ ]c-ky-ambn ]n¥p-W-

°m≥ Ign-bp∂ cmjvSob Imem-h-ÿ-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-

∂-Xv. Hcp Poh-N-cn-X-sa-gp-Xm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-amdv Xs∂ kzm[o-\n-®n-

cp∂ sI. Fw. koXn-km-ln-_n-s\-t∏mse X∂-Øm≥ kmw-kv-Imcn-I

]-h-¿Ø-\w \-S-Øp-∂ ap-kvenw-eo-Kv t\-Xm-°-fn-¬ H-cm-fm-bn thdn´p

\n∂p Sn D-ss_-Zv.

.


38


kmwkvIm-cn-I-∏-I¿®

I∂-S-[mXo, Jn∂-X-bp≠mw

\ns∂-∏n-cn-h-Xn-se-∂mepw

h∂n-ń-hnsS hkn-∏Xp \q‰m-

s≠m-∂-c-bmbv hnS-X-∂mepw

tamZ-tam-sS-ßƒ t]mbn hcs´

amXr-]ZØWe-W-bs´

kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øns‚ \ote-iz-c-w k-tΩ-f-\w \S-°p-∂-Xv

1949-˛emWv. 1937 apX¬ P\-Iob kwcw`-am-bn-Øo¿∂, sFIy-tI-c-f

-]-ÿm-\-Øn\v hocyw ]I-cp∂Xmbn-cp∂p B ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Sn.

Dss_Zv Ah-X-cn-∏n® Ihn-X. AØ-h-WsØ ]cnj-’-tΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬

H∂n¬ A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp∂ alm-Ihn shÆn-°pfw “B\-µhpw Akq-

bbpw H∂n®p P\n-∏n-°p∂ ]kvXp-X-Km\w \ote-izcw ]cn-j-Øns‚

^me-Xn-e-I-am-bn-cp∂p” --sh∂v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]ns∂bpw

F´m-≠pIƒ Ign-™mWv `mjm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kwÿm-\-ßƒ

cq]o-I-cn-°s∏Sp-∂-Xv. \S∏p coXn-b-\p-k-cn®v, I¿Æm-S-I-Øns‚ `mK-

amb Imk¿t°m-Sns\ ae-_m-dnt\mSv tN¿°-W-sa∂mhiy-s∏- p-sIm≠v

\S-°p∂ GXv apt∂-‰-hpw I¿Æm-SI hncp≤am-tI-≠Xmbncp∂p. cma-

cm-h-W-Zz-µz-ßƒ G‰p-ap-´p-∂- ]S-\neam-Wt√m \ΩpsS kmwkvImcnI


39


a\v. h¿§- kw-L¿j-Øns‚ ]Xy-b-imkvXw tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-

lnI [mc-W-Isf \nb-¥n-°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. hnIm-c-

Øns‚ Ihn-s™m-gp-I-em-sW∂p hy‡-am-°-s∏´ IhnXbmWv Dss_-

Zns‚ Bhn-jvIm-c-am-[y-aw. kmlNcyw Cßs\sbms° Bbn-´p-

t]mepw Dss_-Zn¬ \n∂v G‰p-ap- -ens‚ kzc-a√ Db¿∂-Xv. adn®v H∂c

\q‰m-≠p-Imew t]m‰n-h-f¿Ønb [mXn-tbm-Sp≈ Iqdpw IrX-⁄-X-

bp-amWv Bhn-jvIr-X-ambXv. Biw-k-I-ƒ t\cp-I-bmWv sNbvXXv:

“A∂w \evIn\ \n∂psS Icp-Wsb

\µn-®o-Sm-sa-∂mfpw;

sh∂n-s°m-Sn-Iƒ ]d-ØnÊp-Nncw

I¿Æm-S-I-ta, sh∂mepw!”

CXmWv Dss_-Zv. iXp-Xtb Xo≠m-sØmcp P∑w. F√m \∑-Iƒ°p

t\tcbpw Bth-i-tØmsS HmSn-b-Sp-°p-s∂m-cmƒ. sFIy-tI-c-f

-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Xoh -h-‡m-hm-bn-cp-∂n´pw I¿Æm-S-I-Øns‚ Hcp

\∑bpw X\n°v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. tIc-f-Øn-s‚ kmln-Xy-kuµcyw

I∂-U-°mc\pw Ah-cp-tSXv ae-bm-fn°pw hnh¿Ø\ßfneqsS ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]cn-i-an°pIbmWv At±-lw sNbvXXv.

tIµ kmlnXy A°m-Zan Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ At±lw Hcp

I∂U t\mh¬ ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. “adfn

aÆnsK”. Ip¥m-]p-csØ _m-“-W-cp-sS km-aq-ly-N-cn-X-am-Wv, ]

Xn-`m-[-\-cmb `mc-Xob t\mh-se-gp-Øp-Im-cn¬ Hcm-fmb Imc-¥v Cu

t\mh-en¬ Bhn-jvI-cn°p-∂Xv. NcnX ]pcp-j\mb cma-sF-ØmfmWv

CXnse Hcp IYm-]m-Xw. Abm-fpsS IpSpw-_-Øns‚ aq∂v Xe-ap-d-

bpsS IY ]d-bp∂ hnime Iym≥hm-kn-ep≈ IrXn. ¢mknIv am\-ß-

fp≈ t\mhens‚ Kmwòcyw H´pw tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsX-bmWv Dss_-

Zns‚ ae-bmf hnh¿Ø\sa∂v I∂Uhpw ae-bm-fhpw Hcp-t]mse

hi-ap≈ kmlnXy a¿Ω-⁄¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

I∂Ukm-ln-Xy-Ønse ]ap-J-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS sXc-s™-

SpØ sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ tN¿Øv tIµ-km-lnXy A°m-Zan ]kn-≤o-I-cn®

sNdp-I-Ym-k-am-lm-c-amWv Dss_Zv ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w

sNbvX c≠m-asØ KZy-Ir-Xn. ⁄m\-]o-T-]p-c-kvImcw t\Snb

Ip-shw-]p Fgp-Xnb “ao\m-£n-bpsS Syqj≥am-Ã¿”, Aiz-∞ns‚ “hy`n-


40


Nmcw”, Xnth-Wn-bpsS “NºIw” \n-c-Rv-P-\-bp--sS “HSp-hn-esØ CS-

]m-Sp-Im-c≥” XpS-ßnb IY-I-fmWv B kam-lm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. I∂U-

[m-Xn-tbmSv hnS-]-d-™p-sh-¶nepw AhcpsS `mh-\m-tem-I-Ønse

\nXy-k-µ¿i-I-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zv. AXv ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p

IqSn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \S-Ønb kmln-Xy]cn-i-a-Øns‚ - -e-amWv

Cu hnh¿ØnX IrXn-Iƒ.

ae-bmf `mh-\bpw kmln-Xyhpw tZim¥-c-ß-fn¬ kuµ-

cyhpw kuc-`yhpambn IS∂p sN√p-∂Xv GXv ae-bm-fn-bp-tSbpw kz

]v\-am-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hnh¿Ø-\-amWv AXn-

\p≈ hgn. hnti-jn®pw Ihn-X-. AXm-Wt√m kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ anI®

am[y-aw. Xm≥ Kpcp-Xpeyw BZcn-®n-cp∂ alm-Ihn h-≈-tØm-ƒ

\mcm-b-W-ta-t\ms‚ Ir-Xn-Ifpw Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ ho-W-]qhpw Dss_Zv

I-∂-U-Øn-te°v hn-h-¿Ø-\w sN-bvXp. h≈-tØm-fns‚ Ihn-X-

Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNøm-\p≈ sshjayw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-bv°-s∏-ń-´p-

≠v. i_vZ-ku-µ-cy-am-Wt√m alm-I-hn-bpsS apJ-ap-Z. AsX-ßs\

as‰mcp `mj-bn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-tºmƒ IqsS sIm≠p-t]

mIpw? CXmWv ]iv-\w. Dss_Zv C°m-cy-Øn¬ hnP-bn-®pthm? DØcw

]d-tb-≠Xv I∂UkmlnXy a¿a-⁄-cm-Wv. C∆n-j-b-I-ambn Ihnbpw

\ncq-]-I-\p-amb ]nhn ]pWn-®-Øm-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \ap°v

apºn¬ D≤-cn-bv°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. h≈-tØm-fns‚ kpµ-c-Im-hy-ßƒ

I¿Æm-S-I-Øns‚ IÆm-Sn-bn¬ \∂mbn Xs∂ ]Xn-_nw-_n-®n-´p-≠v

F∂mWv B A\p-`-h-km-£yw. h≈-tØmƒ Ihn-X-Isf I∂-U-Øn-

em-°m≥ Dss_-Zns\ e`n-®Xv I∂-U-bpsS alm-`m-Ky-am-sW∂v ]

iw-kn-°p∂ F≥. IkvXq-cn-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ CXns\ ]n¥p-W-°p-∂p.

Dss_-Zns‚ kplrØpw ]cn-`m-j-I\pw Ccp-`m-j-I-fnepw

]WvUn-X-\p-amb kn. cmL-h≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ Hcp hnh¿Ø\

hntijw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Dss_Zv h≈-tØmƒ Ihn-X-Iƒ

hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-t∏mƒ ‘ip≤-amb I∂U Imhy-`mj Xs∂ ]c-

am-h[n D]-tbm-Kn®p’sh∂-Xm-W-Xv. I∂-Um-£-c-ß-fn¬ kwkvIrX

]Z-ßƒ ]I¿Øp∂ A_≤w Xm≥ ImWn-®n-ń-√. hnh¿Ø-Is‚

ssienbpw kzoI-cn® hrØ-ß-fp-sams° Xo¿Øpw A\p-tbm-Py-ß-fm-

sW∂v Ahn-SsØ B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ GI-I-WvT-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v.

DUp-]n-bn¬ \n∂n-d-ßp∂ ‘dmb-`mcn’ hmcn-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-

Ø¬ Cu N¿®°v \√ D]-kw-lm-c-am-bn-cn°pw: “hnh¿Ø-\-sa∂v


41


Xosc tXm∂n-°mØ kpµ-c-ssi-en-bn¬ hnc-Nn-X-amb Cu Ihn-X-Iƒ

alm-Ihn h≈-tØm-fns‚ ]Xn-`m-hn-emkw Kln-°m≥ AXy¥w

D]-I-cn-°pw.”

a‰m-cp -tSbpw \ntbm-Ktam \n¿t±-itam C√msX kz¥w

Xmev]-cy-Øn¬ Dss_Zv Gs‰-SpØ hnh¿Ø\ kwcw-`-amWv hoW-

]q-hv I∂-U-Øn-em°pI F∂-Xv. ‘]Xn-X-]pjv]’ F∂ t]cn-emWv

AXv hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-Xv. am∏nfa\v apjn-bm-\n-S-bm°nb

‘Zpc-hÿ’bpsS cN-bn-Xm-hmWv Ipam-c-\m-im≥. Dss_-Zm-Is´ ASn-

apSn aXm-`n-am-\n-bpw. tIc-f-Øns‚ Ihn-]-Xn-`sb I∂U P\-X°p

apºmsI Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v AsXm∂pw At±-l-Øn\v XSta

Bbn-√. Btcm-Ky-ÿnXn A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cp-∂n´pw, B-im-s‚ P-∑-i-Xm-

–n h¿j-Øn-¬ hnh¿ØnX IrXn-bpsS ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v Dss_Zv

D’m-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

tIc-fob-Xbpw CkvemanI kwkvIm-c-hp-am-Wt√m Dss_-Zns‚

AXoh Xev]c hnj-b-ßƒ. h≈-tØm-fn-t\bpw Bim-t\bpw Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°pI hgn tIc-fob Imhy-ku-µcyw I∂-Um-kzm-Z-I¿°p apºmsI

Ah-X-cn-∏n® Dss_Zv AtX Xmev]-cy-tØmsS CkvemanI kuµ-

cyhpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A√mam apl-ΩZv CJv_mens‚

in-Iv-h, P-hm-s_ in-Iv-h F∂o Ihn-X-I-fmWvv Ddp-Zp-hn¬ \n∂v I-∂-

U-Øn-te°v ]-cn-`mj-s∏-SpØnbXv

‘Bh-em-Xnbpw adp-]-Snbpw’ F∂ t]cn¬ CtX IrXnIƒ a-e-

bm-f-Øn-te°pw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v, Dss_-Zv. ‘aqe-Ir-Xn-tbmSv

\oXn ]men-°m-\m-hp-∂n√’ F∂v Xm≥ thh-em-Xn-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

inIvhbpw Phms_ inIvhbpw Xs∂, X\n°v kzm[o-\-ap≈ c≠p-`m-

j-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNøm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv, B I-hn-X-Ifnse

]tabw X\n-°-X-ta¬ ][m-\-s∏- -XmWv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. BIm-

hp-∂X Bfp-I-fn-te°v Ah ssIam-d-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v F∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv.

C-Jv-_m-en-s‚ G-‰hpw D-Zm-Ø-ßfm-b IhnX-I-ƒ c-Nn-bv-°-s∏-

Sp∂Xv 1908 ap-X-¬ 1938˛¬ a-cn-bv-°p∂-Xp h-sc-bp-≈ Ah-km-\sØ

aq∂v ]Xn-‰m≠p Im-e-Øm-Wv. B h-k-¥-Im-e-Øn-s‚ Xp-S-°-Øn-emWv

in-Iv-h-bpw P-hms_ in-Iv-h-bpw F-gp-Xs∏´-Xv. B-bn-c-Øm-≠p-I-ƒ

\o-≠p-\n-∂ kmw-kv-Im-cn-Ihpw cm-„o-b]-chpw ssh-⁄m-\n-I-hpam-b

ta-J-e-I-fn-se \m-b-I-P-\-X-bmbn-cp∂t√m apkvenwIƒ. Imem-¥-c-


42


Øn¬ F√mw Hm¿Ω-Iƒ amX-am-hp-Ibpw Bim-In-c-W-ßƒ t]mepw

ImWm-\n-√mØ hn[w A[-∏-Xn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]Xo-£-Iƒ

s]men-™p-t]m-b, Bfl-hn-izmkw hsc \jvS-s∏´pt]mb Hcp P\-X-

bmbn apkvenwIƒ amdn.

Cu ]X-\w temI-X-e-Øn¬ Xs∂ B-tem-N-\m-io-ecm-b ap-

kvenw t\-Xm-°-fp-sS G-‰hpw Xo-£v-Wam-b Nn¥m-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp∂p.

C-¥y-bn-¬ k-¿-k-øn-Zn-¬ \n-∂v B-cw-`n-°p∂ B B-tem-N-\-bm-Wv

A-¬-Xm- v lp-ssk-≥ lmen, in-_v-en \p-Av-am\n, k- -d-en-Jm-≥, A-en

k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-¿ Xp-Sßn- hnhn-[ ta-J-e-I-fn-¬ hym-]-cn® hy-‡n-Xzß-sf

cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. km-am-t\y\ C-h-cp-sS- k-a-Im-eo-\-\m-Wv a-lmI-hn

ap-lΩ-Zv C-Jv-_m-¬. F∂m¬ Chcn-¬ \n-s∂√mw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn-cp-∂p

C-Jv_m-en-s‚ hgn. temI-Øn\v hgnbpw shfn-®-hp-am-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂

P-\-X-bp-sS B-fl-hn-izm-kw D-W-¿-Øp-∂-Xn-∂v X-s‚ ssI-h-i-ap-≠m-bn-

cp-∂ am-Pn-Iv hm-‚ v A-Xn-i-‡am-b I-hn-X-bm-bn-cp∂p. lr-Z-b-Z-ho-I-c-

W-£-aam-b mjbn-¬, ap-kvenw-I-fp-sS ]q-¿-∆-Im-e-]-Xm]-sØ A-\p-kv-

a-cn-∏n-°p-amdv, Ihn-Xsbgp-XpI-bpw B-e-]n°pIbpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠v,

X-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ a-t\m-`mh-sØ am-‰n-∏-Wn-bp-Ibpw Ccp-≠p

-t]mb kap-Zmb a\n¬ ]Xo-£-bpsS I\¬ s]men-∏n-s®Sp°p-

Ibpw sN-bvXp At±lw.

C-Jv-_m-ens‚ I-hn-X-sb-gp-Øv ]-Iz-am-Ip∂-Xv H∂mw tem-I-a-

lm-bp-≤-Im-e-ØmWv. Zpc¥-ßƒ tImcn-s°ńs∏bvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂

Imew. \ncm-i-bpw hy¿∞-Xm-t_m-[-hpw Akw-_-‘-Nn-¥-bpw Zm¿i

-\nI temIsØ Iog-S-°n-s°m≠n-cp∂ Imew. apkvenw temI-Øn\v

\jvS-ßƒ amXw kΩm-\n® Imew. Nn-¥-I-cpw F-gp-Øp-Im-cpamb ]

ecpw ap-kv-enw kap-ZmbØn-s‚ ]-Xn-Xm-h-ÿ-bp-sS Im-c-W-ßƒ At\z-

jn-°pIbpw ]-cn-lm-c-ß-sf Ip-dn-®v B-tem-Nn-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠vv.

Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ kmln-Xy-cq-t]W Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-

≠v. Iq´-Øn¬ i‡nbpw kuµ-cyhpw sIm≠v BtKm-f-i≤ e`n®

cN-\-Ifm-Wv C-Jv-_m-en-s‚ in-Ivhbpw P-hm-s_ in-Ivh-bpw. Sn-t∏m-fn

bp-≤-Øn-t‚bpw tem-I-ap-kvenw cm-„o-b-Ønt‚bpw ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-¬

]oUn-X-a-\n-te°v km¥z\h¿j-ambn s]bvXn-d-ßnb Cu Ihn-X-

I-tfmSv ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ°v apgp-h≥ h-√m-sØm-cp A-Sp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p,

C¥y D]-`q-J-WvU-Ønse apkvenwIƒ°v ]tXy-In®pw. Dss_-Zns‚

a\-ÿn-Xn-bp-s≈m-cmƒ°v Cu Ihn-X-I-tfmSv sshIm-cn-Im-`n-ap-Jy-ap-


43


≠m-Im≥ thsd ImcWw Bh-iy-an√-t√m.

an-¬´-s‚ ‘]m-c-ssU-kv tem-kv‰v’, ‘]m-c-ssU-kv do-ssK≥-Uv’ F-∂o Ir-Xn-I-tfmSv Cu Ihn-X-Iƒ°v ]ta-b-]-c-amb kmZr-iy-ap≠v.

A-¬-Xm-^v lp-ssk-≥ lm-en-bp-sS ap-k-±-kn-t\mSv LS-\m-]-c-amb

ASp-∏hpw ImWmw. ssi-en-bnepw `m-jm-coXnbnepw _nw-_-I-ev-]-\-

bnep-sam-s° inIvhbpw Phms_ inIvhbpw ]pXn-b ]-co-£-W-ß-ƒ

X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. N-cn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂v D-Zm-Ø-ßfm-b Bflo-b

D-ƒ-°m-gv-N-I-fn-te-°v Ihn ]Xo-Im-flI ]Yw ]Wn-bp∂p. Aß-s\

]p-Xn-b ]-Xo-Im-fl-I-X-bn-te°pw ku-µ-cym-fl-I-X-bn-te°pw Ihn-X

h-f-cp∂p.

a-\p-jy-s‚ kzXzw tX-Sn-bp-≈ H-cp bm-X-°v C-Jv-_m-¬ hmb-

\-°m-cs\ £-Wn-°pIbmWv ‘inIvh’bn¬. A-t\zj-W-bmX sN-∂-

h-km-\n-°p∂-Xv ssZhn-I knw-lm-k-\-Øns‚, A-¿-in-s‚ I-hm-S-Øn-

emWv. A-hn-sS-bm-Wv A-t±-lw X-s‚ B-h-em-Xn t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

ssZ-h-tØm-Sv B-h-em-Xn-s∏-Sp∂, a-¿-±n-X\pw A-kz-ÿ-lr-Z-b-\pam-b

ap-kv-en-an-s\-bm-Wv At∏mƒ I-hn ]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. BhemXn

AhXcn∏n°s∏´ ssZh-Øn¬ -\n-∂p X-s∂ X-\n-°v a-dp-]-Snbpw e-`n-

°-p-∂p. B-h-em-Xn-°mc-s\ kw-t_m-[-\ sN-øp∂ ssZh-sØbmWv

P-hm-s_ in-Ivh-bn-¬ AhXcn∏n-°p∂Xv.

1911 G-]n-¬ am-k-Øn-¬ em-tlm-dn-se C-kvem-an-bm tIm-tf-Pn-s‚

ap‰-Øv sh®p \-S-∂ A-Rv-Pp-a-≥ lnamb-sØ C-kvem-an-s‚ hm-¿-jn-I-

k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-¬ C-Jv-_m-¬ A-h-X-cn-∏n-® I-hn-X-bm-Wv ‘inIvh’. am∏n-

f-∏m-ńse ‘amc-c-∂_n’ F∂ Ci-en-emWv Dss_Zv AXv hnh¿Ø\w

sNbvX-Xv. ap-kvenw-Iƒ tem-I-Øn-s‚ \m-b-Icpw h-gn-Im- n-I-fp-am-bn-cp-∂

Ime-Øv sNbv-X [o-c-Ir-Xy-ß-sf-Æn-∏d-™v X-ß-fp-sS ]q-¿-∆-Im-e-]-

Xm]-sØ A-\p-kv-a-cn--°p-I-bm-Wv Xp-S-°-Øn-¬ I-hn sN-øp-∂Xv:

“\ns‚ Xulo-Zn≥ a[p-\n-d™ ]mXw Rß-˛-

tf¥n Np‰n, Imap-I-cmbv \n∂n¬ amXw

cmhp-]-I¬ t`Z-sa-t\y-sbm∂pt]msesbßpw

`qhn-Xn≥ ]c-∏p-X-∂n¬ \osf-\otf”

F∂v ssZh-Øn\p apºn¬ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂ Bh-em-Xn-°m-c≥

sXm´p-Ss\ D∂-bn-°p∂ tNmZy-Øns‚ IcpØv ImWm-sX-t]m-In-√.


44


“h√-t]mXpw tXm‰p Rßƒ ]n¥n-cnt™m AXp-t]m-˛

-ep-s≈m-tcI kw`-hsØ \ob-dnt™m?”

hn-em-]-Øn-s‚ kz-c-Øne-√, hocyw ]-I-cp-∂ hn-[-Øn-emWv,

ap-kvenw-I-fp-sS ]-Xn-Xm-h-ÿ- NnXo-I-cn-°p∂ c≠mw `mK-Øp

t]mepw Bhn-jvImcw. hmb-\-°m-cn¬ ]Xn-tcm-[hocyw DW¿Øp∂

Xc-Øn-emWv. Xu-lo-Zn-s‚ F-Xn-¿ i-‡n-I-ƒ- k-I-e B-\p-Iq-ey-ß-

fpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw Xßƒ°-sXm-s°bpw \ntj-[n-°s∏Sp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xn-emWv ]cn-`hw:

“]mcn-ep≠v a‰p-hn-izm-k-ß-fm¿t∂m¿ Fßpw

]mc-ambv ]m]-ßƒ \nXyw ]pevIn-Sp-t∂m¿

_p≤n-lo-\¿, \oNcpw [mcm-f-apt≠ Ah-cn¬

aZy-]n-®-l-¶-cn-°p-thm-cp-apt≠

\nµy¿, hnS-∑m,-c-e-k-∑m-cp-apt≠ kXy-˛-

k-‘cpw Nne¿ ]_p-≤-∑m-cp-ap≠v

A°p-e-ß-sfms° \n≥ ]hn-X-\maw tI´m¬

[n°-cn®p ]pO-am°n hmgvhp tIaw.

]t£, \n≥ Imcp-Wy-h¿jw ap‰p-an∂v Ahsc

e£y-am-°n-Ø-s∂-bt√m s]bvXn-Sp∂q!

km[p-apkvenao-ßsS taesøm h∂q \ns‚

tIm[-an-Sn-hm-fnXm ]Xn-®n-Sp∂q!”

ssZh-Zm-k-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°p-I, F∂n´pw ssZh-Øm¬ ]cn-K-Wn-bv°-

s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ tXm∂¬, \nc-¥cw ]cm-P-b-ta-‰p-hm-tß≠n

hcn-Ibpw ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ImeØv

apkvenw P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚ s]mXp-a-\-ÿn-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. B

hnIm-cw Bhem-Xn-bmbn B-hn-jvIcn°-s∏-´- IhnX, Xm≥ IqSn ]¶m-

fn-bm-Ip∂ Hcp k¶-S-l-c-Pn-bnse X]vX-hm-Iy-ßƒ t]mse Dss_-Zn∂v

A\p-`-h-s∏ń-cn-°mw.


45


“\ns∂ hnkva-cn-°p-thm¿X≥ ]mX-sa√mw a[p

]q¿Æ-am-h-Xn¬ ]cm-Xn-sbm-´p-an-√m...

C√ Rßƒ°n∂p \n≥ Imcp-Wy-]qcw sX√p-˛-

an√ \n∂-\p-Kl;auZm-cy-kmcw....

lm, \n\-°mbv Poh-s\-b¿∏n-®-Xn∂p A]

am\tam kΩm-\-ambv Rßƒ°p h∂q?”Cßs\ ssZ-h-tØm-Sv t\-¿-°p-t\-sc \-S-Øp-∂ B-h-em-Xn-bmWv

aq∂mw `mKw. Imhyw A-h-km-\n-°p-∂ `m-Kw hn-Im-c`cn-Xhpw ]m-¿-

∞-\m\n¿`-c-hp-am-Wv:

“Pohn-X-Øn-sem-´p-ta-bm-\-µ-an√m arXyp

ssIh-cpØpw im¥n-sb-t∂m-cm-i-bn-√m”...

“s\©nse £X-Øn¬ \n∂v tNmc-XqIpw H‰˛

∏qs©-Sn-bp-an-ßn-cn-∏o,-se¥p timIw!”

inIvhbpsS Ah-km-\-`m-K-ØmWv X\n°v C¥y-tbmSpw

Ckveman-t\m-Sp-ap≈ _‘sØ A\-\y-ku-µ-cy-tØmsS CJv_m¬

Bhn-jvI-cn® hcn-I-fp-≈-Xv. kq£n-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ Dss_-Zns‚ Pohn-

Xm-Z¿ihpw AXp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v ImWmw. mc-Xobw F∂-Xn-s∂m∏w

tIc-fobw F∂p-IqSn tN¿t°-≠-Xpt≠m Ft∂ Bi-¶tXm-∂-m\n-S-

bp-≈q.

“`mc-Xo-b-am-WnXp Nj-I-;sa-∂m¬ Zm£˛

®mdnXp lnPm-kn¬ \n¿§-fn-®-X-∂mƒ

lrZyamw kwKo-X-anXp `mc-Xobw ]s£,

_≤amw cmKw lnPm-ko-bmWp tKbw”

in-Ivh B-e-]n-®v H-cp h-¿-jw I-gn-™-t∏m-ƒ em-tlm-dn-se tam-

®n-I-hm-S-Øn-\p ]p-d-Øp≈ s]m-Xp-ÿe-Øv tN-¿-∂ A-Xn-hn-]p-eam-b

H-cp k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-¬ sh-®m-Wv C-Jv-_m-¬ B-h-em-Xn-°p-≈ a-dp]-Sn

A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. H-cp h-¿-j-°m-ew sIm-≠v ]q-¿-Øn-bm°n-b a-dp-]-


46


Sn-bn-¬ Xm≥ t\-ctØ D-∂-bn-® ]-cm-Xn-I-ƒ-s°-√map-≈ k-a-Kam-b

a-dp-]-Sn-bp≠v. ssZ-h-Øn-¬ \n-∂p-≈ H-cp hn-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂p AXv. in-Iv-

h-bp-sS cN-\-tbm-sS X-s∂, Xn-f-°m-≥ Xp-S-ßn-bncp-∂ tZ-i-c‡-sØ

A-Xv Iq-Sp-X-¬ B-fn-°-Øn®p. Aß-s\ \n-d-™ Iu-Xp-I-tØmtSbpw

[oc-X-tbmtSbpw kz-¥w hn-[n am-‰n-sb-gp-Xm-\p-≈ Zr-V-\n-›-b-tØm-

tSbpw kwt_m-[nX P\X ]p-Xp-Po-h-≥ ]q≠p. I∏-∏m´v Ci-enemWv

Dss_Zv Cu adp-]Sn ae-bm-f-Øn-em-°nbXv.

Bh-emXn ]d-bm-\p-]-tbm-Kn® hm°p-Iƒ lrZ-bw-K-aßfm-I-

bm¬ A¤pX i‡n ssIh-cn-°p-Ibpw t]tam¿÷-Øns‚ Icp-Øm¬

BIm-i-tem-I-ßƒ IS∂v AXv ssZh-k-a£w sN√p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ssZh-Øn\p t\sc tNmZy-ß-sf-bvX-hs‚ [n°m-csØ sNm√n,

hocy-ap≈ hm°mbn hm\-tem-I-tØ°v IS-s∂-Øn-b-hs\ sNm√n

BIm-i-tem-IØv hn`m¥nbp≠m-Ip-∂p. Bfp-I-sf-ºmSpw Bt£

-]n® hcn-Isf AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ssZhw hy‡-am-°p∂ hcn-Iƒ

Dss_-Zns‚ `mj-bn-en-ß-s\-bmWv:

“F∂m-Inepw \n≥ ]cm-Xn-I-sfm-∂mbv

kpµ-c-ambv tIm¿Øn-W°n \o \∂mbv

krjvSnsb kjvSmhp X∂psS t\sc

kw`m-j-W-Øm-ep-b¿Øn \o Nmsc”

F¥p-sIm≠v ssZh-Øm¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂ At\z-

j-W-Øn\v e`n-°p∂ IrXy-amb DØcw Xm≥ ioen® \h-¢m-knIv

`mj-bn¬ Dss_Zv ae-bm-fo-I-cn-°p∂p:

“tbmKyX hmbv°p-thm-cp-≠m-bn-sX-¶n¬

GIp-a-h¿s°-ßƒ knwlm-k-\-ßƒ”

XXvIm-e-apkvenans‚ Ahÿ CJv_m¬ h¿Æn-°p-∂Xv ko\m

ae- Ib-dn-s®∂ aqkm-\_n ssIs°m≠ Xo®p-a-Xe kqNn-∏n-®p-

sIm≠m-Wv. AhnsS Ct∏mgpw Xosb-cn-bp-∂p≠v. AtX-‰p-hm-ßm≥

Xøm-dp≈ aqkm FhnsS?

“Xobp-s≠-cn-bp∂p ko\mbn X∂n¬

lm,-sb-ßp-an-√-s√m, aqkm-bn-Ω-∂n¬!”


47


Bflob ssNX-\y-an-√mØ P\-X-bpsS Ahÿ t_m[ys∏Sp-

Øm≥ _nem-en-s‚ _ms¶m-enbmWv Ihn ]Xo-I-am-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.

“Cßp≠v _m¶n≥ Nnd-I‰ tLmjw

C√m _nem-ens‚bmflmhp teiw”

Bh-em-Xn-Ifm-sIbpw ]cn-K-Wn®v \evIp∂ adp-]Sn HSp°w

ka-K-X-bm¿∂v kam-]n-°p-∂Xv Cßs\:

“\o apkvenam-In¬ \n\-°-[o\w

\ns‚ hn[n, sX√p-an-√-\p-am\w

hniz-kvX-\mIq apl-ΩZv \_n°p

\n›bw, Rßƒ hnt[-b¿ \n\bv°v

temI-an-Xp-am-X-a-√s√m \q\w

eulpw Jeapw \n\°p kΩm\w”

]Xn-`-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ CJv_ment\bpw Dss_Znt\bpw

Xmc-Xayw sNøm-h-X-√. ]Z-kzm-[o-\-Ønepw henb A¥cw ImWmw.

aqe-Ir-Xn-bpsS HmPkpw i‡nbpw hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ tNm¿∂p-

t]m-bn-´p-ap-≠m-Imw. F¶nepw Bh-em-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw adp-]-Sn-bn¬

\n∂pw D≤-cn® hcn-Iƒ CJv_m-ens‚ Bi-b-ß-fn-te°v Bkzm-Z-Isc

sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ ka¿∞-ß-fm-Wv F∂p-ImWmw. AXt° CJv_m-

ens\ ae-bm-f-Øn-em-°m≥ Xs∂-s°m-≠mIq F∂v hnh¿Ø-I∂v

Xs∂bpw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw F¥p-sIm≠v AXn∂v Xp\n-

™p-sh-∂m-sW-¶n¬ CXv Dss_Zv Fgp-Xm≥ sImXn® Ihn-X-bm-Wv.

AXv CJv_m-en-s\-t∏mse henb Hcp ]Xn- -bn¬ \n∂v D≠m-b-t∏mƒ

BÀm-Z-hn-h-i-\m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. X∂m-em-Im-hp-∂-Xbpw X\n°v

kzm[o-\-ap≈ mj-I-fn-te°v FØn-°p-I-sbt∂ hnh¿Ø-\-iaw hgn

At±lw Dt±-in-®n-cn-°m-\n-S-bp-≈q. A°m-cy-Øn¬ Dss_Zv \∂mbn

hnP-bn-®n-´p-ap-≠v.

.


48


]cn-jvIcW-Øns‚ ]m´p-hgn

IpSn°p Imh-em-b-I-Øn-cn-∏-h¿

InS-∂p-d-ßp-h-Xn-sX¥p hnkvabw!

DW¿∂-cn-IsfbSn-®-I-‰p-hn≥

aW-hm-f≥ h∂n-ß-d-bn¬ ]qIs´!

Xßƒ°n-S-bn¬ aX-\-ho-I-cW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ apgp-In-

b-h-scbmWv tIcfØn¬ apkvenwIƒ \thm-∞m\ \mb-Icmbn

hntijn∏n-°p∂-Xv. k\m-D√m a‡n Xßƒ, Nmen-e-IØv Ip™-l-

ΩZv lmPn, h°w A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ auehn XpS-ßn-bh-scm-s°bpw

aX-]cnjv-I-c-W-Øn\v ]cn-i-an-®-h-cm-Wv. Ch-cpw ]n∂mse h∂ t\

Xm-°fpambn-cp∂p Dss_Zns‚ Bi-b-tkm-XÊp-I-ƒ. A\u-tZym-Kn-I-

am-sb-¶nepw At±-l-Øn\v Kpcp-Xp-eycmWh¿. CXv ]t£ AhcpsS

\b-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf AtX B°-Ønepw Xq°-Ønepw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂

A_-≤-Øn-te°v At±-lsØ \bn-®n-√. Xs‚ XÍw kwkvIm-c-

amsW∂v Dss_Zv Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂p. Ah-cp-tSXmIs´ aX-am-bn-cp-

∂p. AYhm Dss_Zv AXv Xncn®dn-™n√mbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ apkvenw

kmwkvIm-cnI NcnXØn\v henb \jvSw kw`-hn-t®-t\.

Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-tØmSv imXhw Ie¿∂ \ne-]mSmWv s]mXp-

hn¬ aX\hoIcW\mb-I¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. mjm-]-ctam kmln-Xy-]-


49


ctam Bb Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n√ Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fsØ Af°m≥

Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw aX-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv

Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f- IrXn-Ifn¬ AXn-hn-]p-e-ambn ]mcm-bWw sNø-s∏-

ń-cp-∂Xv ame-∏m-´p-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. GI-ssZh hnizmk-Øn\v t\sc-Xn-

cmb Bi-b-ßƒ Bthmf-ap≈ ame-∏m-´p-I-fpsS Bhn-jvIm-tcm-]m[n

bmbmWv aX-]-cn-jvI¿-Øm-°ƒ Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fsØ I≠-Xv. Hcp-]

t£ AXp-am-X-am-bmWv Ah¿ I≠-Xv. Xulo-Zv kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn

\SØnh∂ Xoh-k-acamWv Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-Øn-\p IqSn FXn-cm-bn-

Øo¿∂Xv. F∂m¬ `mjm-]-ctam kmln-Xy-]-ctam Bb adphgn-Iƒ

Ah-cpsS AP-≠-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-an-√.

Dss_Zv ae-bm-f-Øn\p th≠n hmZn-®Xv Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fsØ

Xnc-kvI-cn-°m-\-√. AXns\ ka-Im-eo-\-am-°m-\m-Wv, P\Iob-am-°m-

\m-Wv. Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-Øns‚ tX\-d-bn¬ kq£n-®p-sh® a[p, apgp-h≥

ae-bm-fn-IfptSbpw ck-\-bn¬ ]I-cm-\mWv. AXn∂p XSÊ-ambn \n

ev°p∂ en]nbpw ]Zm-h-enbpw am‰p-I-sbt∂ Dss_-Zns‚ ae-bm-f-

hm-ZsØ ImWm-\m-hq. A√m-Ø-]£w Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fm-[ym-]-\-Øn\v

Dss_Zv \o°n-sh® Ccp-]-Xm-≠p-Iƒ \o≠ X]-ky°v A¿∞w

Is≠-Øm≥ \ap°v Ign-bmsX hcpw. t\m´w thsdmcp hgn-°m-°n-

bm¬ Dss_Zv Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-Øns‚ h‡m-hm-bn-cp-∂p F∂p Im-

Wmw. am∏n-f-ss∏-XrIw AXn\IØv Hfn∏n®p-sh® Adnhpw Ciepw

Ae-¶m-c-ßfpw ck-ßfpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fp-sa√mw s]mXp-P-\-Øn\v

s]mXp-hmbn e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn\p XSw Ad-_n-a-e-bmf

en]nbpw AXn-\-IsØ A⁄m-X-]-Z-ß-fp-am-Wv. ]hmlw XS-b-s∏´p

InS-°p∂ tX\m¿, B en]n]Z-mZnIfpsS XS-b-W- s]m-fn®v ae-\m-Sns‚

kmwkvIm-cnI aÆn-eqsS Hgp°pI-bm-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zns‚ D∂w. aX-\-

ho-I-cW ]h¿Ø-I¿°v Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f en]n-tbmtSm ‘A]-cn-jvIrX’ ]Z-ß-tfmtSm Xmev]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ F∂Xv icn-bmWv. F∂m¬

AXn-t\-°m-tfsd Ah¿ FXn¿ØXv AXp]-tbm-Kn®v Bhn-jvI-cn®

Bi-b-ß-sf-bm-Wv. Ah Hgn-hm-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw

Ah-cn¬ ]e-cp-tSbpw AP-≠-bn¬ t]mepw hcn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

hni-I-e\w hgn \msa-Øn-t®¿∂ ImgvN Hcn-°epw Dss_-Zns\

aX\hoIcWhmZnIfpsS t\sc FXn¿tN-cn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-tX-b-√. adn®v Xs‚ ]cn-j-I-cW hgn hyXy-kvX-


50


am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]utcm-ln-XysØ CX-ta¬

k¿§m-fl-I-ambn hna¿in-®-h¿ ]cn-jvI-cW hmZn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ t]

mepw hnc-f-am-bn-cn-°pw. A¬ Aao≥ ]X-Øn¬ ]ko-≤o-I-cn® Xs‚

BZy-te-J-\-Øn¬ Xs∂ s]≥ap\ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb

Bbp-[-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. AXns‚ t]cn¬ sh≈n-bmgvN \nkvIm-cm-\-¥cw

Xf-¶-c-bnse henb ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p-ap-≠v.

AXp-≠m-°nb ]pInep ImcWw Fs∂-t∂-°p-am-bn AØcw Fgp-

Øp-Iƒ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ Dss_-Zv. Bflob hym]m-c-Øn

\pw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cmb FgpØv Xs‚ k¿§-Po-hn-X-Ønse

\nXyhrØnbmbn amdp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ FX-bp-

ap-≠v.

“Iń-]-kwKw XI¿ØnSpw Benw-Iƒ

Jmkn-am-sc-ßn-cn∏q?

IuXp-I-°p-∏m-b-an´p \S∂nSpw

køn-tZm-sc-ßn-cn∏q?”

kmap-Zm-bnI kml-Ncyw B]-XvI-camw hn[w hj-fmb

Ahÿsb ]≈n°v Xo∏n-Sn® ÿnXn-bmbn NnXo-I-cn-°p∂ Ihn-X-bn-

emWv Zbm-c-ln-X-amb Cu tNmZyap≈-Xv. Xob-W-°m≥ HmSn-sb-Øm-

sX, ]kw-K-th-Zn-I-fn¬ XI¿Øm-Sp∂ ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ FhnsSs®∂v

Hfn-®n-cn-°p∂p? ImgvN-°m¿°v IuXpIw tXm∂n-°p∂ Ip∏m-b-hp-an´v

\S-°p∂ køn-Zp-am-sc-ßn-cn-∏q-sh∂pw Dss_Zv tNmZn-°p-∂p.

CuPn-]vXn¬ \n∂p≈ Bib ]hm-lw kΩm-\n® Dƒ°mgvN-

I-fmWv tIc-fob apkvenwIƒ hnizm-kmZn Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]cn-

jvIcn°s∏tS≠Xps≠∂ t_m[Ønte°v aX-]-WvUn-X-∑msc \bn-

°p-∂-Xv. ISw sIm≠ Bi-b-ßƒ Xt±-iob hXvI-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xns‚

Ipg-∏-ß-sfm-s°bpw AXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xß-fpsS aX-hr-Ø-Øn\p

shfn-bn-ep≈ kmam\y P\-X-bp-ambn \∂mbn kwh-Zn-®n-cp-∂-h-cm-Wv

]gb ImesØ tIc-fob apkvenw ]WvUnX-∑m¿. ssiJv ssk\p-

±o≥ aJvZqw, Jmfn apl-Ω-Zv, Da¿Jmfn XpS-ßnbh¿ \mńse kmaq-

lnI ]iv\-ß-fn¬ hnP-b-I-c-ambn CS-s]´hcm-Wv. F∂m¬ aX

\hoIcW ]ÿm-\-ßƒ°v apkvenw kap-Zmb hrØ-Øn-∂-∏pdØp≈

P\-hn- m-K-ß-tfmSv th≠-hn[w kwhZn°m≥ km[n®n- n√. aXw kz¥w


51


kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ amXw Imcy-am-bnØo¿∂p.

Dss_Zv Ckvemans\ hmbn-®Xv ka-Im-eo-\hpw Xt±-io-b-

hp-am-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p. kwt_m-[n-X-cpsS aXt`Zw Xs‚ Bi-b-ßƒ

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ At±-lsØ H´pw Ae-ń-bn-cp-∂n-√. kwkvIrX

_lp-e-amb `mj-bn¬ kwh-Zn-°p∂ BVya\kp-I-fpsS thZn-bn¬,

AtX- m-j-bn¬, k¿§m-fl-I-ambn kwh-Zn-°m≥ X\n°v Ign-™n-cp-∂p.

Ckvemw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-tcbpw kwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂p-sh∂ ImgvN-

∏m-Sp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.

]T-\-Xm-ev]-cytam ]Tn-°m-\p≈ kuI-cytam C√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp

P\-X-°n-S-bn¬ Pohn-t°≠n h∂ Dss_-Zns‚ Nn¥ \mSns‚ hnZym-

`ymk ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ sN∂p-ap- pI kzm`m-hn-I-am-W-t√m. kmam-\y-P-\-

Øn\v Ipń-I-fpsS hnZym- ymk Imcy-Øn¬ Xmev]-cy-ap-≠m-°p-I-bmWv

]bm-k-I-c-amb Imcyw. hnZym-X-ev]-c-cm-bn-°-gn-™m¬ ]T-\-ku-Icyw

kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Hcp-ßn-s°m-≈pw.

s]mXp-P-\-ßsf hnZym-`ym-km-`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-h-cm°n am‰p-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n Dss_Zv c≠p-X-hW ]Nm-c-W-bmX \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. 1939-˛¬

ae-∏p-dØv sSbv\nwKv Ign-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv Imk¿t°mSv Xmeq°v

apkvenw hnZym-`ymk ]Nm-c-W-PmY kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Xr°-cn-∏q-

cnse Ff-º®n ssaXm-\Øp \n∂v XpSßnb -bmX at©-iz-cØv

sN∂mW-h-km-\n-®-Xv. -sN-dp-h-Øq¿°m-c≥ F. Fw A_vZp¬ JmZ¿

Bbn-cp∂p Iym]v‰≥. bqWn-t^m-a-Wn™ 25 hf-≠n-b¿am¿ hnZym- ym-

k-Øns‚ alXzw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂ ]m´p-]m-Snbpw ]kw-Kn®pw k©-cn-®p.

“Idp-I-dpØ cm£-k≥ Adn-hp-tI-Sn-t\mSp \mw

adp-a-dpØp ]S-sb-SpØp hnP-b-]q¿Øn t\SpI”

Ah¿ PmYbnep-S-\ofw Be-]n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v

sNdp-∏-°m-cpsS ]n¥pW e`n-®p. H‰-s∏´ FXn¿∏p-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn.

Dss_-Zns‚ ]m´p-Iƒ bmXm-am¿§sØ kwKoX kmµ-am-°n.

ITn-\-ambn ]cn-i-an®pw Hcp-]mSv ]Ww sNe-h-gn®pw Xf-¶-c-

bn¬ ÿm]n® Kh¿sa‚ v apkvenw sslkvIqfns‚ Ccp-]-Ø©mw

hm¿jnImtLmjw DZvLm-S\w sNbvXXv hnZym-`ymk a¥n kn.-F-


52


®v. apl-Ω-ZvtIm-b-bm-bn-cp-∂p. cP-X-Pq-_nen BtLm-j-th-f-bnepw

N¿® sNøm-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnjbw, ]Tn-°m-s\-Øp∂ Ipń-I-fpsS

FÆ-°p-d-hm-bn-cp-∂p. ]qń-t∏m-Iptam F∂v Bi-¶-s∏-Sp-hm≥ amXw

Ipd-hm-bn-cp∂p kvIqfn-se-Øp∂ Ipń-I-fpsS FÆw. hnIm-c-\n¿`-

c-amb DZvLm-S\ ]kwKØn¬ kn.-F-®v. CXns\ Ipdn-®mWsX

kwkm-cn-®-Xv. ktΩ-f-\m-\¥cw Ipń-Isf kvIqfn-se-Øn-°m

-\mbn Xf-¶-c-bn¬ Hcp hnZym-`ymk ]Nm-c-W-PmY Bkq-XWw

sNø-s∏-´p. AXnt‚bpw Aa-c°mc≥ Dss_Zv Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°pw A\m-Nm-c-ßƒ°p-sa-Xnsc s]mcp-

Xm\pw ]m´p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zn∂v D]m-[n. Imk¿t°m´pw

]cn-kc ]tZ-i-ß-fnepw t\¿®-bpsS ad-hn¬ \S-am-Sn-bn-cp∂ A\m-Nm-

c-ßtfmSp≈ hntbm-Pn∏v ]I-Sn-∏n-®Xpw AXn-s∂-Xnsc ]Xn-I-cn-®Xpw

t\¿®∏-d-ºn¬ sN∂v ]m´p-]mSns°m≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Dss_Zv t\XrXzw \evInbXpw ]s¶Sp-Ø-Xp-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-

I-sf√mw ]m´p-a-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bƒ°mcpsS at\m-a-WvU-e-ß-fn¬

D±n-jvSm-i-b-ßƒ hnX®v apf-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ipXn-a-[p-cßfmb B

Km\-ßƒ°v henb ]¶p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AsXmcp GImwK Iem-k-an-

Xnbm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv icn-bm-Wv. F¶nepw Bi-b-]-NmcW Imcy-

Øn¬ Gsd ê-]-Z-am-bn-cp∂p Dss_-Zns‚ bXv\-ßƒ. Iayq-WnÃv

]ÿm-\-Øn\v sI.]n.F.kn. t]mse, \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-Øn\v hn.

Sn. ´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns\ t]mse tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp

Dss_-Zv. \mS-I-am-bn-cp-∂n√ At±-l-Øns‚ am¥nI hSn. \q‰m-≠p-

I-fmbn am∏nf P\X at\m-X-¥n-I-fn¬ aoń-s°m≠p\S∂ Ci-ep-

I-fm-bn-cp∂p. P\-]n-b-ß-fmb ioep-I-fn¬ \thm-∞m-\m-i-b-ßƒ

k∂nth-in-∏n®v ]m´p-Iƒ sI´pIbpw ]mSn ]N-cn-∏n-°pIbpw sNbvXp

B GImwK Iem-k-anXn. Dss_Zv kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI hnZym-

`ymk aWvU-e-ß-fn¬ Fs¥√mw t\Sn-bn-´pt≠m AXn-s‚-sb√mw

]n∂n¬ am∏n-f-∏m- ns‚ kPo-h-km-∂n-[y-ap-≠v. ]ms -gp-Xm\pw ]mSm-\p-

ap≈ Ign-hp-≠v. At±-lsØ-t∏msebp≈-h¿ Dbncpw DSepw sImSpØv

Dd-∏n-s®-SpØ \thm-∞m-\m-i-b-ßsf Zbm-c-lnXw Isøm-gn™v tIc-

fob apkvenwIƒ Xncn™p \S-°p∂ h¿Ø-am\ ImeØpw am∏n-f-a-\

Ên¬ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-tfmSv ]gb ]Xn-]Øn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. AXv

hnth-I-tØmsS hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Hcp Dss_-sZ-hnsS F∂v Imew

I\-Ø-i-_vZ-Øn¬ tNmZn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-ap≠v.


53


sFIy-tIcf]ÿm\w

kzbw kam¿÷nX kº∂Xbm¬

kzX¥`mcX Iev]Ih\ambv

kakvX`n∂Xba¿Øn a∂nXn¬

apg°n \hImlfw IebpsS

kapZnX hccpNntbmSp hnekoSpI

]_p≤aebmfw

Imk¿t°ms´ apkvenwIƒ°v aebmfw \nXyhyhlm

cØn\p≈ am[yaw amXambncp∂p. k¿§mflI Xmev]cyßƒ

XnSwsh®phcpºmƒ Ad_naebmfsØbmWv Ah¿ Bibn®ncp∂Xv.

]T\ am[yaw I∂U Xs∂bmbncp∂p. I®-h-SIm-cyßfpsS hn\nab-

Øn\v IqSp-X-embpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂Xpw I∂U `mj-bm-bn-cp-∂p-.

AXn-\m¬ ae-bmfw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSv Ah¿°v HcpXcw hnap-JX

Xs∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A\p-Iq-eas√∂p amXa√, \njv]£w t]m

epa√m-Ø, Xo¿Øpw FXn-cmb Hcp kmapZmbnI kml-N-cyw \ne

\nevs°bmWv Dss_Zv amXr-`m-j-°mbn \ne-sIm-≠Xv. AXv Xncn®-

dn-bp-tºm-gmWv B \n-e-]m-Sns‚ alXzw icn°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-I-.

ssa-kq-¿ kw-ÿm-\-Ønse sX-°-≥ I-¿-Æm-S-I -Pn-√-bp-sS m-K-

am-bn-cp-∂p Cw-•o-jv `-c-W-Ime-Øv Im-k-¿-t°m-Sv Xm-eq°v. 1937˛-em-


54


Wv aebmfw amXr`mjbmbh¿°v `qcn]£ap≈ Imk¿t°mSv

Xmeq°ns\ a-Zn-cm-in kw-ÿm\sØ, a-e-bm-fw am-Xr-`m-jbmb, a-e-

_m-¿ Pn-√-tbm-Sv tN-¿°-Ww F-∂ hm-Zw D-b-cp-∂Xv. ‘Im-k-¿-t°m-Sv

a-e-_m-¿ kw-tbm-P-\ I-Ωn-‰n’bm-bn-cp-∂p B \o-°-Øn-\v t\-XrXzw

\-ev-In-bn-cp-∂Xv. h-°o-e-∑m-¿ ap-≥-ssI-sbSpØv Xp-Sßn-b H-cp ap-t∂-‰-

am-bn-cp-∂p AXv. -c-W-]-c-am-b A-ku-I-cyßfpw A]m-I-ß-fpambn-cp-

∂p ‘kwtbmP\hmZw’ D∂bn°m≥ Ahsc t]cn∏n®Xv. B hmZØn\v

kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb D≈-S-°w H´p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Dss_-Zn-t‚bpw

kp_-“-Wy≥ Xncp-ap-ºn-t‚bpw tImtSmØv tKmhn-µ≥ \mb-cp-tSbpw

\mb-I-Xz-amWv Imk¿t°m-Sns\ ae-_m-dn-t\mSv tN¿°m-\p≈ bXv\-

ßƒ°v kmln-Xy-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb am\-ßƒ \evIn-b-Xv.

c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \njvIn-b-amb eb-

\-k-acw kzX¥ C¥y-bn¬ mjm kwÿm\ hmZw Db¿∂p-h-∂-tXm-

sS-bm-Wv ho≠pw i‡ns∏´Xv.

Bi-b-ß-fpsS temIØv Pohn-°p-Ibpw AXv ]N-cn-∏n-°m

-\mbn ITn-\-]-cn-iaw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXncp∂ Dss_Zn\v B\p-

Im-en-I-ßƒ hfsc ][m\ambncp∂p. cmjvSobhpw aX-hpw

kmlnXyhpw hnZym-`ym-k-hpw `mjbpw Dƒs∏sS kmaqlnI PohnX

hpambn _‘s∏´ taJeIfnse√mw thdn´ Bi-bßfm¬

hn`qjnX\mbncp∂p At±lw. -kaImeo\ hnjbßfpambn _‘s∏´

\ne]mSpItfsdbpw Xm≥ kzmwioIcn®Xpw A¬Aao≥ XpSßnb

B\pImenIßfn¬ \n∂mbncp∂p. X\n°v t_m[ys∏´ Bibßƒ

P\ßfnte°v FØn°p∂Xn\pw, ]kwKßsf F∂t]mse Xs∂,

B\pIm-en-I-ßsfbpw At±lw Bibn®ncp∂p. ]X]h¿ØI

\mbn amdm\pw ImcWw CXpXs∂bmImw. NµnIbpsS Imk¿t°mSv

teJI\mbncp∂t√m Dss_Zv.

henb mjm- n-am-\n-bmbn-cp∂ At±lw sFIytIcf]ÿm\

sØ Bib]cambn Bbp[aWnbn°p∂Xn∂p th≠n Hcp B\p-Im-

enIw Xs∂ XpS-ßp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ‘ae-bmf i_vZw’ F∂ t]cp-t]mepw

it≤-b-am-Wv. kmwkvIm-cnI hnj-b-ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \evIn-bn-cp∂

Hcp amknI-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. ssZzhmcnIbmbn Bcw`n°m\mbncp∂p

BtemNn®ncp∂Xv. Hmtcm amkhpw A∂sØ \ne-bn¬ henb XpI-

bmb Ccp\q‰ºXv cq]sb¶nepw \„w klnt°≠nhcpw F∂Xn


55


\memWv AXv amknIbm°nbXv. ]kn≤oIcWw XpSßnbt∏mƒ \

„w ap∂qdpcq]bmbn. kmºØnI ]bmkw sIm≠p Xs∂ Ipd-®p-Im-

e-Øn\p tijw AXv \ne-®pw -t]m-bn. F¶nepw tIc-fob t_m[w ]

N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ henb tkh-\-amWv B B\p-Im-enIw \n¿∆-ln-®-Xv.

Imk¿t°m-´p-Im-cpsS Hcp ]mtZ-inI Imcyw F∂ \ne-

bn¬ \n∂v apgp-h≥ ae-bm-fn-I-fp-tSbpw sshIm-cnI Xmev]-cy-ambn

sFIytIcfØn\p th≠nbp≈ ka-cw hfcpIbp≠mbn. 1949-˛se

\ote-izcw ]cn-j-’-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Dss_Zv AhXcn∏n® ‘hnS-X-cn-ItΩ

I∂-U-[mXo’ F∂p XpS-ßp∂ IhnXbmWv AXn∂v A\pIqeamb

sshImcnIm¥co£w kr„n®Xv.

kwÿm\ ]p\Êw-L-S\m IΩo-js‚ \n›bw Imk¿t°mSv

Xmeq°v ssakq-cn-e-√, tIc-f-Øn-emWv th≠Xv F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. A

tXmsS A¥-co£w Ie-ßp-Ibpw Bfp-Iƒ Ccp-hn- m-K-ß-fmbn kwL-

Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. eb\hmZnIƒ Dss_Zns‚ t\XrXzØn¬

Xmeq-°n-ep-S-\ofw bmX-sNbvXv ]`m-j-W-ßfpw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Ifpw

PmY-Ifpw kwLSn∏n®p. FXn¿hn- m-K-Øns‚ hmZ-ap-J-ßsf JWvUn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw KqV-Xm-ev]-cy-ßƒ ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\pw kwtbm-

P\ kan-Xn°v Ign-™p. F∂m¬ FXn-c-`n-]m-b-°msc k‘nt°≠n

hcptºmƒ, P\m[n]Xy \ne]mSn\v Xo¿Øpw A\ptbmtPyamb

hn[Øn¬ lrZy-amb _‘w \ne-\n¿ØpIbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.

Imk¿t°mSv tIc-f-Øns‚ mK-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂ ÿnXn h∂p-

tN¿s∂-¶nepw FXn¿\o-°-ßƒ XpS¿∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. Nne-t\-

c-ß-fn¬ AXn\v i‡n-tb-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ Dss_Zpw

kwLhpw ‘kwtbm-P\ kanXn’ ]p\kw-L-Sn-∏n®v AJn-e-tI-cf

cq]-`m-h-ß-fp≈ ‘alm-P-\-k`’bm°n am‰n. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ sI.

]n. tIi-h-ta-t\ms‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ ‘Hmƒ tIcfm Imk¿tKmUv

Aam¬K-ta-j≥ s]mÍvj≥ IΩn‰n’bpw cq]o-I-cn-®p.

1956 \h-º¿ H∂n\v tIcfw cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Imk¿t°mSv

Xmeq°v AXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-. A∂v Imk¿t°m´v ]I-S-\

hpw s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\hpw \S-∂p. AXn-\p-apsºmcn-°epw \S-∂n- n-√mØ

hn[-Øn-ep≈ BtLm-j-]-I-S-\-ß-fmWv tIcf∏ndhntbmS\p_‘n®v

Imk¿t°m´v \S-∂-Xv. apJy-kw-Lm-S-I≥ Dss_-Zm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚


56


]kn-≤-amb tIc-f-Km-\w Be-]n-°-s∏-´Xv B ktΩf\ØnemWv.

amXr- m-j-tbmSv Hcm- n-ap-Jyhpw ImWn-°m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp kap-Zm-b-

Øn¬ ]nd-∂p-h-f¿∂ Dss_Zv AXns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw ]pIƒ®°pw

th≠n \S-Ønb ia-ßƒ hnf-bp-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp. I®-h-Sm-h-iy-Øn\v

I∂-U-X-s∂-bmWv KpW-Icw F∂v I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS CS-bn¬

\n∂v ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Imc∑mcpw ]X-]-h¿Ø-Icpw Bkzm-Z-I-cp-

amb Hcp Xe-apd hf¿∂p h∂p. kap-Zmbw s]mXpsh amXr-`mjm

Xev]-c-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Cu DW¿®bpsS NmeIi‡n Dss_Zmbncp∂p.

.


57


AwKoImcØns‚ \mfpIƒ

IS]pgßn Rm≥ adn™p hoWp a˛

ÆSn™mepw Zp:Jsamcev]an√n\n,

ae¿h\n°mc≥ apdn®p \´t√m

_ehØmbnSpw aZob imJsb

kwLmSI¿°pta¬ I\Ø kΩ¿±w sNepØnbmWv kakvX

tIcf kmlnXy ]cnjØns‚, 1947˛se tImgnt°mSv ktΩf\

Øn¬ ]kwKn°m≥ Hchkcw Dss_Zv kºmZn®Xv. A∂v sN-

bvX ]kwKØns‚ _eØn¬ sXm´SpØ h¿jw IÆqcn¬ sh®p

\S∂ ktΩf\Ønte°pw £Wn°s∏´p. F∂m¬ 1949˛se

\oteizcw ]cnjØnseØptºmƒ CcpØw h∂ IhnIsft∏mepw

Akqbs∏SpØnb IhnXbpambmWv Dss_Zv cwKw IogS°p∂Xv. ‘hn-

Shmß¬’ B ktΩf\Øns‚ meXneIambn hmgvØs∏´Xv Gsd

]cma¿in°s∏´ ImcyamWv. AXsbm∂pw ]dbs∏SmØ Imcyw

\oteizcw ]cnjØns‚ ImcyZ¿inbmbncp∂p Dss_Zv F∂XmWv.

]n∂oSv Gsd°mew kmlnXy ]cnjØns‚ \n¿∆mlI kanXnbn¬

AwKambncp∂p At±lw. ckIcamWv as‰mcp Imcyw. ‘hnShmß¬’ IhnX hgn I¿ÆmSItØmSv sshImcnIambn bmX tNmZn® Dss_Zv

I¿ÆmSI kmlnXy ]cnjØnepw AwKambncp∂p.


58


Hcp adphncp∂ns‚ IY

\mev] -Xm -≠p -Imew \o≠p -\n∂ Dss_Zns‚ A≤ym

]I Pohn -Xw Ahkm\n°p∂Xv 1969˛emWv. s]≥j≥ ]‰n

]ncn™t∏mgmWv Imk¿t°mSv ]ucm-hen At±lØns‚ tkh\

ßƒ kq£vahniIe\w sNøm≥ kabambncn°p∂psh∂v

a\nem°p∂Xv. _m[yXIsfmgn™v ]q¿Æambpw s]mXp]

h¿Ø\Øn\v hn´pInńb At±lsØ Ah¿ kzoIcn°pIbpw DZym\

hncps∂mcp°n kXvIcn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1969 Pqembv Bdmw XobXn

Imk¿t°mSv Su¨ Pn. bp. ]n. kvIqfn¬ almIhn ]n. Ip™ncma≥

\mbcpsS A≤y£Xbn¬, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan D]m-[y-£≥

]n. F. skbvXp-ap-l-ΩZv DZvLm-S\w sNbvX kzoIcW ktΩf\

Øns‚ Kuchw a\Ênem°mhp∂tXbp≈q. Dss_-Zn\v Aøm-bncw

cq]-bpsS ]W-°n-gnbpw kΩm-\n-®p.

AtX thZnbn¬ Xs∂ sh®mWv Dss_Zns‚ hyXykvXßfmb

taJeIfnse tkh\ßƒ hniZambn ]cntim[n°s∏Sp∂Xv.

]finX]Xn` Nnd-°¬ Sn. _me-Ir-jvW≥ \mbcmbncp∂p A≤y-

£≥. tImtSmØv \mcm-b-W≥ \mb¿, Sn. ]n. lpssk≥, H. B_p,

]n. ]n. taml-\≥, sI. Fkv. i¿a, sI. Fw. AlvaZv F∂o ]

K¤aXnIfmWv Hmtcmtcm taJeIfn¬ Dss_Zv sNbvX tkh\ßsf

Ipdn®pw AhbpsS ]m[m\ysØ Ipdn®pw D]\ykn®Xv.

IcW ]XnIcW \ymbØns‚ ]pe¿® t]mse, A

\ptamZn°s∏´ Dss_Zv A∂pcmXn Xs∂ Xncns®mcp A\ptamZ\w

\evIpIbpw sNbvXp. almIhn Ip™ncma≥ \mbtcmSv Dss_-Zn\v

D≠mbncp∂ ASp∏w c‡_‘Øns‚ XohXbp≈Xmbncp∂p.

Xs∂ BZcn°m≥ tN¿∂ NSßn¬ A≤y£\mbncp∂ ]n.sbbmWv,

BZcW®Sßn\v FØnt®¿∂ kmlnXy tkhIcmb AXnYnI

fpsS km∂n[yØn¬ A∂pcmXnXs∂ Dss_Zv Xncn®mZcn®Xpw

AØmghncp∂v \evInbXpw.

Dss_Zns‚ kmlnXo tkh\ßfpsS aqeyadnbmambncp∂

tIcfØntebpw I¿ÆmSIØntebpw kmlnXyImc∑msc

kwt_m[\ sNbvXpsIm≠v ]n. kzoIcWØn\v adp-]Sn ]d™p

XpSßnbt∏mƒ hnIm-cm-[o-\-\mbn. FhnsSt∏mIptºmgpw IqsS


59


ap¥ncn°pebpw I¬°≠hpw anTmbns∏mXnbpw sIm≠p\S°pI

almIhnbpsS ioe-am-bn-cp-∂-t√m. ‘I¿Æm-S-I-Øn\pw ae-bm-f-Øn

\pw Ce-sh-°msX ap∏Xv h¿j-ambn \S-Øp∂ hncp-∂q-´-en\pw

Ct∏mƒ Ce-sh®p \evInb hncp-∂n-\pw, Ihn-h¿§-Øn-s‚, kmln-Xy-

h¿§-Øns‚, I¿Æm-SI ae-bmf kmln-Xy-ß-fpsS IrX-⁄-X-bnXm’ F∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v ]n. Ip™ncma≥ \mb¿ Iøn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

ap¥n-cn-°pe Dss_-Zns‚ hmbn¬ IpØn-\n-d-®p. Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw

sIń-∏n-Sn-®p.

s]m∂mSsIms≠mcmZcw

XangphXvIrXssienbpw ]Nmcep]vXßfmb ]Zß

fpw am‰nsh®v kaImeo\ aebmf `mjbn¬, kmlntXymNnX

ssienbn¬, ImenI]k‡ßfmb ]tabßƒ kzoIcn®v

thWw am∏nf∏m´pIƒ cNnt°≠Xv F∂ \ne]mSnte°v

am∏nf∏m´v sI´p∂hsc sIm≠ph∂Xv Dss_ZmWv. aebmf IhnX

hncNn°s∏Sp∂ hrØßƒ°v Bem]\ £aX hfsc IpdhmWv

F∂ hkvXpXbnte°v i≤ £Wn°pI-bpw, aebmf `mjbpsS

Xs∂ `mKamb am∏nf∏m´pIfnse CiepIƒ kzoIcn®v B Ipdhv

]cnlcn°msa∂v aebmf IhnIsf DZvt_m[n∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp

At±-lw. GXm\pw anI® amXrIIƒ \evIpIbpw sNbvXp.

Hcp ]T-\hpw ]pkvX-Icq]-Øn¬ ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-ńs√-¶nepw

Dss_-Zns‚ auenI kw`m-h\bp≠m-bXv am∏n-f-∏m´p ]T-\-ta-J-e-bn-

em-Wv. am∏nf∏mńs‚ kq£vamw-i-ßƒ hsc \√ ioe-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h¿

thsdbpw ImWp-am-bn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ `mjm-hn-⁄m-\-Øn-t‚bpw

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Isf hni-

I-e\w sNøm≥ Dss_-Zn-t\mfw Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿ a‰m-sc-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-

bn-cp-t∂m-sb∂v kwi-b-am-Wv. kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-Ønse ]kw-K-Øn¬

kqNn-∏n-®-t]mse Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-am-Ip∂ aWn-a-RvPp-j-bn¬ Hfn-∏n-®p-

sh® kuµ-cy-k-©nI thZn-I-fnepw Xmfp-I-fnepw Ae-¶-cn-®p-sh®v

kmlnXymkzm-Z-I-cpsS AwKo-Imcw am∏n-f-∏m-ń\v t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØXv

At±-l-am-Wv. AXp-hsc \mS≥ ]m´pI-fn-sem-cp hn`m-K-ambn amXw

]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂ am∏n-f-∏m-´v kmln-Xy-]-c-amb ]cn-K-W\ IqSn

A¿ln-°p-∂p-s≠∂v s]mXp-k-aq-lsØ At±lw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-.


60


kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn am∏n-f-∏m-ń-\p≈ \yq\-X-Iƒ Du∂n-∏-d-™p-sIm-

≠mWv CXv km[n-®-sX-∂Xv IuXp-I-ap≈ Imcy-am-Wv. ap\o-dns‚

‘Pao-e-’s°gp-XnbXp t]mse-bp≈ Zo¿L-ß-fmb Ah-Xm-cnIIƒ,

]T-\-ßƒ, hni-I-e-\-ßƒ, \nc-¥-c-ß-fmb ]kw-K-ßƒ XpSßn

X∂m-em-Im-hp∂ hn[-Øn-se√mw At±lw am∏n-f-∏m-ńs\ ]cn-

t]m-jn-∏n-®p. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ a‰m¿°pw km[n-®n-ń-√mØ Cu tkh\w

Xo¿®-bmbpw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xp Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

1947-˛¬, C¥y kzX-¥-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw apsº, tImgn-t°ms´

]cn-j-’-tΩ-f-\-tØmsS Bcw-`n® Cu tkh\w BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

]s£ h¿j-ß-sf-Xtbm ]n∂n- -Xn\p tij-am-Wv. AXn∂v thZn-bm-b-

Xm-Is´ Xm≥ Pohn-Xm-`n-emjw t]mse sIm≠p-\-S-∂n-cp∂ am∏n-f-km-

ln-Xy-sk-an-\m-dpw. 1971 sabv amk-Øn¬ Xncq-c-ßmSnbn¬ sh®p \S∂

skan-\m-dns‚ I¨ho-\-dm-bn-cp∂ ]n. F. skbvXp-ap-l-Ω-ZmWv am∏n-

fP\-X-bpsS -km-ap-Zm-bntIm-Ø-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿∆-ln-°m-\p≈ HuNnXyw

ImWn-®-Xv. am∏nf kmln-Xy-Øn\p \evInb tkh-\-Øn\p≈ AwKo-

Im-c-ambn s]m∂mS Nm¿Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p kwLm-S-I¿ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.

t]cnepw s]cp-a-bnepw Xmev]-cy-an-√mØ Dss_Zv BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥

BK-ln-®-tXbn-√. BZ-cn-°m≥ \n›-bn-°-s∏´ ka-b-a-Sp-°p-t¥mdpw

au\nbpw ]cn-`m-¥-\p-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. sI. ]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m≥

s]m∂mS AWn-bn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw hnIm-c-hn-h-i-\m-bn. IÆp-\o-

tcmsS skbvXp-ap-l-Ω-Zns\ Benw-K\w sNbvXp.

Xncq-c-ßm-Sn- am∏nfkmlnXy skan-\m¿ hm¿Ø-Iƒ h≥

]m-[m-\y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv ]X-ßƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. Dss_-Zns\

s]m∂mS AWn-bn®v BZ-cn® Imcyhpw hm¿Ø-I-fn-eqsS ]N-cn-®p.

AXv Imk¿t°m´v A\p-cW-\-ßƒ krjvSn-®p. Ah¿ At±-lsØ

t^mWn¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Imk¿t°m v kzoI-c-W-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-

s≠∂v Adnbn°pIbpw AXv kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿∫-‘n-°pIbpw

sNbvXp. sdbn¬sh tÃj-\n¬ h≠n-bn-d-ßnb Dss_-Zns\ kzoI-

cn®v \qdp-I-W-°n\v Imdp-I-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS \Kcw Np‰n-bmWv

A`n-\-µ\ ktΩ-f\ thZn-bmb kvIqfn-te°v B\-bn-®-Xv. sI. Fkv.

A_vZp-√-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn-em-bn-cp∂p tbmKw. A`n-\-µ\ßƒ°p≈

adp-]Sn Dss_-Zn-b≥ ssien-bn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. s]mfn™p hogm-

dmb kvIqƒ sIń-SsØ Ipdn-®p≈ hyk-\-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn\v

At∏mgpw ]d-bm-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Imcyw.


61


k¿§tijntbmsSm∏w kzm[o\w IqSnbps≠¶n¬ amXta kmln

Xy A°mZan t]msebp≈ k¿°m¿ hnemkw kmwkvImcnI ÿm]\

ßfnte°v \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏SpIbp≈q. ]Xn`bpw ]h¿Øt\m

’pIXbpw kwLmS\tijnbpw \√Xpt]msebp≠mbncp∂pht√m

Dss_Zn\v. 1947˛¬ Xs∂ ]q¶pbnepIƒ°nSbn¬ B Im°

Ibdnbncn°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. sFIytIcf ]ÿm\tØmSp

IqSn AJne tIcf ]ikvXn t\SpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. I¿Ωw

sIm≠v tbmKyX sXfnbn® Dss_Zv kmlnXy A°mZan AwKambn

1962˛¬ \n¿t±in°s∏´p. a¥n kn. F®v. aplΩZv tImbbp-≠m-

bn-cp∂p At±lØn\v ]n¥pW \evIm≥. 62- ap-X¬ 68 hscbp≈

Bdp sIm√hpw 71 apX¬ acWw htcbpw B AwKXzw XpS¿∂p.

1968 apX¬ kwKoX \mSI A°mZan \n¿∆mlI kanXnbnepw

AwKambncp∂p. acn°p∂ kabØv tIcf Iemafiew, tImgnt°mSv

k¿∆Iemimemss^≥ B¿Svkv m°¬‰n, aebmfw F≥sskt¢m

]oUnb D]tZiI kanXn F∂nhbnepw AwKambncp∂p.

.


62


hnS-hm-ß¬ ]kwKw

kabaWbpw t]mXv Rm\psas‚

NpaSpIsfSpØßndßntSWw

\nehnfnbpds° XpS¿∂oSp∂q

]es]mgpXpao h≠nsb¥n\mthm

tIcfØns‚ kmwkvImcnI®Xp∏n¬ atXXc P\m[n]

XyImeØv G‰hpw ]k‡ßfmb BibßfmWv Dss_

Zv hnX®Xv. hnb¿∏p sIm≠v \\°pIbpw hniaan√msX

s]mcpXpIbpw sNbvXt∏mƒ Hcp ]pcpjmbppsIm≠v Ahbn¬

]eXpw êZmbIßfmbnØo¿∂p. Ah Xfn¿°pIbpw ]q

°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv ImWm≥ X\n°v `mKyap≠mbn. Dss_Zns‚

I¿Ωêßƒ \m´pImcpw cpNn®p XpSßn. HutZymKnIhpw kmaqln

Ihpamb AwKoImcßƒ Xs∂ tXSnhcm≥ XpSßn. XncqcßmSn

bnse s]m∂mS A]Xo£nXhpw Ahnizk\obamw hn[w P\

Iob ]n¥pWbp≈Xpambncp∂p. A\p_‘ambn P∑\mń¬ lrZb

kv]¿inbmb kzoIcWhpw e`n®p. 1971˛emWXv. B kzoI-c-W-Øn-

\p≈ Xs‚ adp]Sn ]kwKØn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°v Be¶mcnIsa∂v

tXm∂mhp∂ Hcp ]cm-a¿iw IqSn \SØn At±-lw. ‘Hcp-]t£ Fs‚

\mfp-Iƒ FÆn-°-gn-™n-cn--°p-∂p’sh∂v.


63


hm’-ey-\n-[n-bmb Hcp ]nXm-hmbn-cp∂p Dss_-Zv. aq∂v s]ä-

°ƒ ]nd-s∂-¶nepw aqØ-a-Iƒ kplvd amXta ssii-h-Zi IS-∂p-≈q.

Hcp hntZi _m¶n¬ Nm¿tÚv A°u-≠‚m-bn-cp∂ ¿Øm-hn-s\m∏w

Idm-®n-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Xma-kw. GI-a-I-fpsS Akm-∂n[yw

Ah-km\ \mfp-I-fn¬ At±lsØ Gsd thh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-

cp∂ Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1972 k]vXº¿ 30\v Dss_Zv aIƒs°gpXnb

IØv Ahkm\n∏n°p∂Xv Ahsfbpw IpSpw_sØbpw ImWm\p≈

Ieiemb BKlw ]d™psIm≠mWv. ‘C\n Fs‚ Ahÿbpw

PohnXhpw AXtbbp≈q F∂v IcpXnbm¬ aXn. AXn\papºmbn

\nßsfm∂v Ctßms´Øn I≠v IÆp Ipfn¿°Wsat∂bp≈q’.

Hcp NnX-c-N\m a’-c-Øns‚ IY hmbn-®-tXm¿°p-∂p-≠v.

I¿´-\n´v th¿Xn-cn® Htc apdn-bpsS apJm-apJw \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Nph-cp-

I-fn-emWv Ccp-]-£hpw NnXw hc-t°-≠-Xv. a’-cm-¥y-Øn¬ I¿´≥

\o°n-°-gn-™-t∏mƒ B›-cyw, c≠p Npa-cnepw Htc NnXw Xs∂.

Hcp-Iq-´¿ NnXw hc-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ FXn¿Iq´°m¿ Npa¿

an\p-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv IÆmSn IWs° an\p-ßn-

b-t∏mƒ adp-]£w hc® NnXw ]Xn-_nw-_n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Xß-

fpsS -Np-a-cn¬.

apkvenw anÃn-°p-I-fmb kq^n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈

Hcp IY-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu hn[w ssZthm-∑p-J-am-°n an\p°n-sb-Sp-Ø

Bflm-hn¬ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ shfn®w ]Xn-_nw-_n-°pw. hn\-

bhpw emfn-Xyhpw apJ-ap-Z-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Dss_-Zn\v F√m-I¿Ω-ßfpw

B-cm-[-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Id-I-f™ hnizm-kn. GXp-th-Zn-bnepw km`n-

am\w apkvenambn \ne-sIm≠ hy‡n-Xzw. Hcp \nanjw t]mepw

]mgm-°mØ hn[w I¿Ω-\n-c-X-amb Pohn-Xw. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬

\n∂v e`n-®, ]ca Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb ssZhØns‚ ASn-a-XzsØ kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂, A_vZp-dlvam≥ F∂ t]cn-t\-°mƒ ssZhn-Im-Sn-a-Xz-Øns‚

hnt[-b-Xz-ta-dp∂ ‘Dss_Zv’ Fgp-Øp-t]-cmbn FSpØ Ihn. B hnip-

≤-amb Bflm-hn¬ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ]Imiw ]Xn-™n-cp-∂pthm?

DS-a-ÿ-\n-te°v Xncn-®p-sN-√m-\p≈ £Ww Xs‚ Bflmhn\v Inń-

bn-cp-∂pthm? D≠m-bn-cn-°mw. Cs√-¶n¬ CX-kv]-jvS-ambn ac-WsØ

Ipdn®v ]d-bphm≥ Ign-™sXßs\!


64


InkvXp-h¿jw 1972-˛mw B≠v HIvtSm-_¿ 3 sNm∆m-gvN.

Imk¿t°mSv Kh. apkvenw sslkvIqƒ lmfn¬ Ad_n A≤ym-]-

I-cpsS C≥k-¿∆okv tImgvkv \S-°p-∂p. Dss_-ZmWv DZvLm-S-I≥.

\mep-\mƒ IqSn Ign-™m¬ Adp-]Øn \meph-bkv ]q¿Øn-bm-Im-\n-

cn-°p∂ Xs‚ Btcm-Ky-ÿn-Xnsb Ipdn-®v ]cm-a-¿-in-®p -sIm-≠mWv

DZvLm-SI≥ ]kwKw XpS-ßnbXv. “Bdp Znhkw apºv cmXn c≠p-

a-Wn°v s]s´∂v Akp-J-ap-≠m-bn. km[m-cW Ign-°m-dp≈ KpfnI

Ign-®p. kpJw tXm∂n-bn-√. Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°v H‰°v \S-∂p-sN-∂p.

hni-a-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hnap-JX ImWn-°p-∂-Xn\v tUmIvS¿ imkn-

®p. Cu Akp-JsØ ac-W-Zq-X-\mbn Rm≥ ImWp-∂p.

“aWn apg-ßn-°-gn-™p. aWn-bSn®m¬ h≠n-bn¬ th≠X

Bfpt≠m Nc-°p-t≠m-sb∂v BcmWv i≤n-°pI?” hm°p-Iƒ

CXbpamb-t∏mƒ ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂ A≤y-£s‚ aSn-bn-te°v Xf¿∂p-

ho-Wp. sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ amen-IvZo-\m¿ Bip-]-Xn-bn-¬ s]s´-∂p-Xs∂

F-Øn®p. 1972 HIvtSm-_¿ 3. (ln. 1392 iAv_m≥ 25) sNm∆mgvN. D®°v

Hcp-a-Wn-tbmsS at\mlcamb B sIp]m´v Ncn-X-Øn¬ ebn®p.

arX-tZlw ]≈n-°m-ense hoń¬ s]mXp-Z¿i-\-Øn\p sh®p.

ac-W-hm¿Ø ]c-∂-tXmsS, PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-sat\y kaq-l-Øns‚ \m\m-

Xp-d-I-fn-epap≈ Bfp-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ hk-Xn-bn-te°v Hgp-In-sb-

Øn.- HIvtSm-_¿ \men\v _p[-\mgvN ImeØv A¥y-bm-X-bmcw-`n-®p.

Imk¿t°m-Sns‚ Ncn-X-Ønse G‰hpw henb P\m-hen -tXß-e-S-°n-

s°m≠v AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. ]m¿∞-\m-\n-c-X-cmb ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßƒ

\nd-I-Æp-Ifpambn \nevs° Dss_-Zns‚ aøØv Imk¿t°mSv henb

Ppap-AØv ]≈n- ivaim-\Øn¬ ad-hp-sN-bvXp.

.


65


A\p-_Ôw 1

Dss_-Zns‚ ]cn-jXv]kwKw

(1947 sabvamkØn¬ tImgnt°m´ v sh¨v \Só kmlnXy]

cnjÕt½f\¯nð am¸nf¸m«pIsf¡pdn¨v Dss_Zv sNbvX ]kwK

amWnXv. sabv 25, Pq¬1, 8 e¡§fnembn amXr`qan BgvN¸Xn¸nð

A¨Sns¡¸«p hóhn[w ]p\:]kn²oIcn¡póp. D≤-cn-°s∏´ IrXn-I-

fpsS t]cv, ]mńs‚ Ia-\-º¿ XpS-ßnb hnh-c-ßƒ D]-Im-c-am-Ip-sa-∂-

Xn-\m¬ ]pXp-Xmbn tN¿ØXmWv.)

B[p-\nI `mjm kmln-Xy-hn-j-b-Øn¬ am∏n-f-am¿ F∂ A]-

c-\m-a-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ tIc-f-ap-k¬am∑m¿ CX-c-k-ap-Zm-b-ßsf

At]-£n®v G‰hpw ]n∂n-emWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv F∂ ]c-am¿∞w

ad-®p-sh-°-Ø-°-X-√. amXr-`mjm tkh-\-Ønepw t]mj-W-Ønepw

Ah¿ ImWn-®p-h-cp∂ Ae-k-a-t\m-`mhw H´pw £¥-hya-s√∂v ]

cn-Xm-]-tØmsS ]d-tb≠n-bn-cn-bv°p-∂p. ktlm-Z-c -k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒ

BI-am\w A\¿L-ß-fmb \nc-h[n cXv\-ßfpw hn`q-j-Ifpw mjmw-

_n-I-bpsS s]m¬t®-hSn-Øm-cp-I-fn¬ ka¿∏n-®v A\p-Klw kºm-Zn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xp I≠n´pw Xß-fpsS hnln-Xhpw AhnsS ImgvN-sh®v

A`n-am\w c£n-bv°p-hm≥ am∏n-f-am¿ bmsXmcp ]cn-i-ahpw sNøm-

ØXv Bt£-]m¿lw Xs∂-bm-Wv. `mjmkmln-Xy-tk-h\ hnj-b-I-

ambn am∏n-f-am-cpsS XmXvIm-en-Im-hÿ Cßn-s\-sb-√m-am-sW-¶nepw


66


kmln-Xyhpw kwKo-X-hp-ambn kl-h-kn-®ncp∂ Hcp kph¿ÆImew

Ah¿°pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂p≈ ]c-am¿∞w hnkva-cn-bv°-Ø-°-X-√.

AsX, Ahcpw Hcp ImeØv Aaq-ey-ßfmb At\Iw aWn-`q-j-Iƒ

sIm≠v ssIc-fnsb Ae-¶-cn-®n- p-≠v. Nne \√ Ihn-Ifpw ckn-I∑mcpw

Hcp ImeØv am∏n-f-am-cnepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ssIc-fnbv-°-h-Im-i-s∏´

Hcp ]tXyI kmlnXyhn`mKw am∏n-f-am-cpsS hI-bm-bp-≠v. F∂m¬

B kº-Øp -ap-gp-h\pw am∏n-f-en-]nbm-Ip∂ aWn-a-RvPp-jn-I-bn¬

\nt£-]n-bv°-s∏-´p- In-S-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ tIc-fo-b-cn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£-

Øn\pw AXns‚ hnebpw \nebpw a\n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂n-√.

B kmlnXy\n[n-bnse Nne lmc-ßƒ°v Hcp ImeØv ssIc-fn-bpsS

h£-e-¶-cnbv-°p-hm≥ km[n-®n- p-≠m-hpw. AXnse Nne hn`q-j-Isf

ssIcfn Xs‚ I¶-W-ß-fmbpw Im¬®n-e-ºp-I-fmbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cn-°mw. Hcp ImeØv ssIc-fnsb Ahm-Ny-amb B\-µm-\p-`q-Xn-bn¬

Bdm-Sn® am∏nf°hn-tIm-In-e-ß-fm¬ hnc-Nn-X-amb AØcw Imhy-

\n-[n-Isf shfn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h∂v kmln-Xy-ho-c∑m-cpsS apºn¬ ]

Z¿in-∏n-bv°p-hm≥ am∏nf hnZzm∑m-tcmSv ssIcfn Bh-iy-s∏´p XpS-

ßnbn v Imew Ipsdbmsb-¶nepw B At]-£sb Ah¿ th≠pwhÆw

i≤n-®n-s√-∂p≈Xv hyk-\-Icw Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]kvXpX kº-Øns\

kmln-Xy-c-kn-I∑m-cpsS ka£w ka¿∏n-bv°p-∂ ]£w AXn∂p kap-

∂-X-amb Hcp ÿm\w kºm-Zn-bv°p-hm≥ km[n-bv°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xn¬

kwi-b-Øn-∂-h-Im-i-an-√. AXn-\m¬ ]kvXpX kmln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v

Nne hnh-c-W-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂Xv klr-Z-b∑m¿°p IuXp-I-I-c-am-bn-cn-

bv°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-bv°p-∂p.

KZy]ZyKŸ-ß-fm¬ ]cn-]p-„-am-bn-cn-bv°p∂ am∏n-f-km-lnXyw

am∏n-f-en-]n-bm-Ip∂ ]tXyI-Xcw Fgp-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xn-\m¬

]kvXpX en]n-sb-°p-dn®v Aev]-sam∂p hnh-cn-bv°p-∂Xv A\p-Nn-X-

am-bn-cn-bv°p-I-bn-√-t√m.

en]n-bpsS D¤hw

tIc-f-Øn¬ CkvemwaXw -]-N-cn-®p- Xp-S-ßn-bn´v ]Xn-s\mt∂m

]Xn-aqt∂m \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ign-™p-sh∂v NcnXw tLmjn-bv°p-∂p.

CkvemwaXw Bt«-jn® ae-bm-fn-Isfbm-Wt√m am∏n-f-am¿ F∂v

hnfn®p h∂-Xv. am∏nf kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ BZy-Z-i-bn¬ aX-]-c-amb


67


hnj-b-ßƒ amXr-`m-j-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-∏-Tn-bv°p-hm\pw ]N-cn-∏n-bv°p-

hm\pw Hcp A£-c-am-e-bpsS Bhiyw t\cn- p. A°m-eØv ae-bm-f- m-

j-b-√msX FgpØv ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imew

hsc ae-bm-fn-Iƒ hs´-gp-Øm-Wt√m D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. amX-a√

apkvenwƒ°p \nXy-ss\-an-Øn-I-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ Ad_n kmt¶-XnI ]

Z-ßfpw Jp¿B≥ hmIy-ßfpw a‰pw km£mZq]-Øn¬ FgpXn ên-

∏nbv-°p-hm≥ Ad-_n-b-√mØ en]n-Iƒ ]cym-]vX-ß-f√ Xm\pw. AXn-

\m¬ Ad_n A£-c-am-e-bnse Nne en]n-Iƒ°p ]tXyIw Nn”-

ßƒ sImSpØv ae-bm-f-`m-j-bv°p-]-I-cn-bv°p∂ Ipsd A£-c-ßƒ

G¿s∏-SpØn Hcp \ho-\m-£-c-ame \n¿an-bv°-s∏-´p. AXmWv Ad-_n-

a-e-bmfw AYhm am∏n-f-en]n F∂p hnfn-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

A£-c-am-ebpw ]cn-jvI-c-Whpw

BZy-Im-e-Øv -shdpw ap∏-Ø©p en]n-Iƒ amX-amWv am∏n-

fm-£-c-am-e-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. A°m-eØv kwkvIr-X-]`mhw

`mj-bn¬ D≠m-bn-ń-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ hs´-gpØv tImse-gpØv F∂n-h-

tb-°mƒ DØ-a-ambn ]kvXp-X-en-]n-bn¬ aX-]-chpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb

F√m hc-sam-gn-Ifpw \n¿h-ln-bv°p-hm≥ km[n-®n-cp∂p. ASp-Ø-Imew

hsc am∏nfkmln-Xy-Øn¬ kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-ń-√m-

Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v am∏n-fm-£-c-ame kpZo¿L-am-sbmcp Imew hsc

ap≥]-Sn-bn¬Øs∂ ÿnXn-sN-bvXp -h-∂p. ]n∂oSv AXn-J-c-tLm-jmZn

h¿Æßƒ°mbn Iptd en]n-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-bv°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Nne en

]n-Iƒ ]cn-jvI-cn-bv°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠mbn. am∏n-fm-£-c-am-esb Cu

hn[-Øn¬ ]cn-jvI-cn-®-h-cn¬ ]tc-X-∑m-cmb h°w apl-ΩZv A_vZp¬

JmZ¿ au-e-hn, NmeneIØv Ip™-Ω-Zv lmPn F∂o ]WvUn-Xhcy-

∑m-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ ]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ ]kvXpX A£-c-ame

AºXp en]n-Iƒ sIm≠v ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-bv°p-∂p. ]kvXpX en

]n-bn-emWv am∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-Ønse imkvX-hn- m-Khpw Imhy-hn- m-Khpw

A®-Sn-bv°-s∏- n-cn-bv°p-∂-Xv. imkvX-hn- m-K-Øn¬ \q‰p°-W-°n-ep≈

aX-]-c-ß-fmb KŸ-ßƒ°p-]p-dsa sshZyw, tPymXnjw, thZm¥w,

NcnXw, IY apX-emb a‰-t\Iw C\-ß-fn-embn \nc-h[n KŸ-ßƒ

]kn-≤o-Ir-X-ß-fm-bn--´p-≠v. kem-lp¬ CJvhm≥, apkvenw, A¬-

C-kvemlv apX-emb hmcn-I-Ifpw A¬ C¿im-Zv, ap¿inZv, A∂nkm

XpS-ßnb amkn-I-Ifpw \S-Ø-s∏- n-cp-∂p. ]gb Ime-ß-fn¬ am∏n-f-K-


68


Ÿ-ß-fnse mj Aip-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øp-≠mb

DZv_p-≤-X-bv°p-tijw `mj hfsc \∂m-bn-´p-s≠∂v kk-t¥mjw

]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-bv°p-∂p. C\n \ap°p am∏nf kmln-Xy-Ønse Imhy-

hn-`m-K-amb ]m´p-I-fn-te°p IS°mw

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-sf√mw Km\-]-[m-\ßfmb Imhy-ß-fmW.v mjm-

km-ln-Xy-Ønse ]pcm-X-\ -Km-\-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-

sfbpw DØa ImhyimJ-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-s√∂p

]dt™ Xocq. Xt®m-fn-∏m´v, ]p≈p-h≥]m´v, Aø-∏≥]m´v apX-em-b-

hsb \mw Bkz-Zn-bv°p-∂Xpw BZ-cn-bv°p-∂Xpw Ah-bnse `mjm-

ip≤ntbtbm A¿∞-Kmw-ò-cy-tØtbm Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bn-´-√. AØcw

hnin-„-Kp-W-ßƒ Ah-bn¬ Xptemw Ipd-bp-sa-∂p-Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-

bv°p-I. F∂mepw \ΩpsS ]q¿∆-k-º-sØ∂ \nebv°v Ahsb hnK-

Wn-bv°p-hmt\m hnkvacn-bv°p-hmt\m \ap°v Ign-bp-I-bn-√. hoc-ckw

Xpfp-ºp∂ AØcw ]m´p-Iƒ \sΩ B\-µn-∏nbv-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

AXp-t]mse am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Isf \mw Bkz-Zn-bv°p-∂Xpw Ah-bnse

A¿∞-k-ºp-„n-tb-tbm ]Z-\n-c-I-fpsS ]cn-ip-≤n-tbtbm B[m-c-am-°n-

bn-´-√. A¿∞-]-Xo-Xn-bpw Imhy-Øns‚ kap-∂-X-amb CX-c-Kp-W-ß

fpw am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fnepw Xptemw Ipd-hm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-bv°mw.

F∂mepw Ah \sΩ B\-µn-∏n-bv°m-Xn-cn-bv°-bn-√, ckn-∏n-bv°m-

Xn-cn-bv°-bn√. Km\-]-[m-\-ßfmb Imhy-ßƒ \n»-_vZ-ambn hmbn-

bv°p-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS Poh-\mb Km\-ckw \ap°v A\p-`-hn-bv°p-

hm≥ km[n-bv°p-∂n-√. t\sc-a-dn®v A¿∞-]p-„nbpw th≠, ]Z-kw-

kvIm-chpw th≠, Ahsb Dds°∏mSp-tºmƒ, Ah-bpsS ‘ań’¬ Km

\wsNøp-tºmƒ \mw Ahm-Ny-amb B\-µm-\p-`q-Xn-bn¬ Ba-·-cm-hp-

∂p. Cßs\bp≈ Km\-ckw Xs∂-bmWv am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fpsS Poh≥.

GXp-Im-hy-Øn-t‚bpw Poh¬kv]¿in-bmb Cu kwKo-X-ckw am∏n-

f-∏m-´p-I-fn¬ k¿∆X ebn-®p-In-S-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ a[p-c-ambn

]mSn-t°ƒ°msX am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-sf-°p-dn®v A`n-]mbw ]d-bp-∂Xv

A\p-Nn-Xhpw Ab-Ym¿∞-hp-am-bn-cn°pw. A¿∞Ønte°√ B Km\-

ßƒ \sΩ \bnbv-°p-∂Xv, AXv p-X-I-c-amb kwKo-X-c-k-Øn-te-°mWv

B\-bn-°p-∂-Xv.


69


am∏n-f-∏m-´pI-fnse coXn-Iƒ

`mjm-Im-hy-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ ]e Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ßfpw

Xmf-\n-b-a-ßƒ°-\p-Kp-W-amb Nne kwkvIr-X-hr-Ø-ßfpw am∏n-f-

∏m- p-I-fn¬ ÿew-]n-Sn-®n- p-≠v. Xangv kmln-Xy-Ønse Nne-co-Xn-Ifpw

Ah-bn¬ ImWmw. F∂m¬ am∏n-f-°-hn-I-fpsS kz¥w hI-bm-bp≈

\q‰p°-W-°mb Km\m-fl-I (hrØ-ß)-fmWv am∏n-f-∏m- p-Isf G‰hpw

lrZyhpw BI¿j-Ihp-am-°n-Øo¿Øn-cn-bv°p-∂Xv. mjm-Im-hy-ßsf

At]-£n®v am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ°p-≈ Hcp sa®w Htc Imhy-Øn¬ Xs∂

\q‰p°-W-°n¬ Km\m-fl-I-co-Xn-Iƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-bv°pw- F-∂p-≈-Xm-

Wv. Hcp coXn AYhm Hcp hrØw Ht∂m ct≠m ]pd-ß-fn¬, Ccp-

]-Øn-\mtem ap∏-Øn-ct≠m ]mZ-ßƒ sIm≠v Ah-km-\n-bv°p-∂p.

DSs\ as‰mcp \ho-\- coXn Bcw-`n-bv°pw. Ihn-k-am´v tambn≥Ipń

sshZy-cpsS ‘_Zv¿’ F∂ Imhy-Øn¬ 1200 Hmfw ]mZ-ßƒ, 2100 Hmfw

hcn-Iƒ amX-ta-bp≈q. AXn¬ \qdn¬]cw cmK-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-

bv°p-∂p-sh-∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ am∏n-f-°m-hy--ßfnse coXn-I-fpsS B[nIyw

a\n-em-°-ma-t√m. AXp-t]mse Hmtcm Imhy-Ønepw ANpw-_n-

Xßfmb \nc-h[n ‘a´p-Iƒ’ Bkz-Zn-°p-hm≥ \ap°v km[nbv-°p-∂p.

Hcp hrØ-sØ-Øs∂ ]tXyIw Nc-W-ßtfm sNdp -Xp-≠-ßtfm

CS-bn¬ tN¿Øpw Nodp-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n®pw \ho-I-cn®v, I¿Æ-c-k-Øn\v

AWph-fhp hnLmXw t\cn-Sm-Ø -hÆw \hw \h-ß-fmb a´p-Iƒ

\n¿Ωn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂X,v Dds°∏mSn Bkz-Zn-bv°p∂ ]£w am∏n-f-∏m-

´p-Im¿°v GX-Zzn-j-b-Øn-ep≈ ssh`-h-sØ- Ip-dn®v Bcpw hnkva-bn-

bv°pI Xs∂ sNøpw. ]q¿∆n-I∑m¿ D]-tbm-Kn® hrØ-ßsf amXta

A\p-I-cn-bv°mhq F∂p≈ A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ IpSp-ßmsX Hmtcm

Imhy-Øn\pw ]pXp-a -h-cp-Øp-hm≥ ]cn-i-anbv-°p-∂Xv am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-

fpsS Hcp ]tXy-I-X-bmWv. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ am∏n-f-°-hn-Iƒ ImWn®

kzmX-¥y-t_m[w ]iw-k-\obw Xs∂. timXm-hns‚ ImXpw Icfpw

Hcp-t]mse ckn-∏n-bv°p-I-bm-Ip∂p Imhy-Øns‚ ]c-tam-t±iyw F∂

XØzw ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-hm≥ am∏n-f-°-hn-I-sf-t∏mse CX-c-`m-jm-

I-hn-Iƒ°p km[n-®n-ń√ F∂v B ]m´p-I-fp-ambn ]cn-N-bnbv-°p∂

GXp klr-Z-b\pw Xe-Ip-ep°n kΩ-Xn-bv-°m-Xn-cnbv-°n-√. ck-Øn

\pw hnj-b-Øn\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-Iƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Im¿ CX-c-I-hn-Isf AXn-i-bn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp-

∂Xv AXn-i-tbm-‡n-b-√.


70


Ct∏mƒ ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cn-bv°p∂ hrØ-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw sNdn-b-

]mZw Gg-£-c-ßfpw G‰hpw hepXv Ccp-]-sØ´v A£-c-ßfpw AS-

ßn-b-Xm-Wv. amXm-\n-b-a-]-Imcw ]Xn-aq-∂p- ap-X¬°v ap∏-Øn-aq∂p

amX-h-sc-bp≈ ]mZ-ß-fp-≠v. CXn¬ “IpXn-c-®m´w” s]ń-ń-√. AXn-

s\-°p-dn®v ]n∂oSp ]kvXm-hn-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ta¬hnh-cn® hn[-Øn-

ep≈ coXn-Isf “a´v” Ft∂m “Ci¬” Ft∂m BWv am∏n-f-°-hn-Iƒ

hnfn-bv°p-I. “Ci¬” F∂Xv Cb¬ F∂ Xan-gp]Zw ]cn-jvI-cn-bv°-

s∏-´tXm ae-bm-fo-I-cn-bv°-s∏-´tXm Bbn-cn-bv°mw. ssI F∂Xp

Iin-bmbpw hgn F∂Xp hin-bmbpw sshbmbpw hfn-bmbpw IqSn

am‰n-a-dn-®n-cnbv-°p∂ am∏n-f-°-hn-Iƒ Cb-ens\ Ci-embpw “Db-c”sØ

Di-c-ambpw -D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xn¬ F¥m-W-¤p-Xw. AØcw “kzmX¥yw-” Im-Wn-bv°p-hm≥ Rßƒ, am∏n-f-am¿ aSn-bv°m-dn-√.

C\n \ap°p Nne “Ci-ep-Iƒ” ]mSnt°ƒ°mw. c≠p kvXoIƒ

X-Ωn¬ Ii-]ni IqSp-∂Xp t\m°p-I: (coXn: a°m-\-_n, CS-ap-dp-°w.

_-Zv¿ 11˛mw ]m´v)

ASn-s]´v sImØn-∏n-Sn-Ømtcm ---- AWbv

Xmenbpw amebv Adp-Ømtcm

]nSn-s]´v kn∂pw ISn-Ømtcm ]n®

-®-´bpw Iod-s∏-Sp-Ømtcm

ISpI∏p-Zt∏msS sIń-a-dn-µn´pw

Icn-i-Øn¬ Imin-\n¬ IqsS _nfp-µn´pw

CS-dn-∏nS-bvµ-h¿ ]n∂p-sa-fpµn´pw

Ccp-t]-cpw H-´p -a-b¶n \ne-µn´pw

_n≠m-sf- -I-Sw sImt≠m-fn¬

sIms≠ -I-S-Øn\p i≠sbSo Ipdn

Iq-ń-b-Zm-cm\pw tI´m-seSo

D≠t√m am\-t°-sS-≠p-saSo Dc

]mcw t]mcm -s_≈n Xmcp-saSo

sb≠-Zn-\p‰v ISw sImt≠m-fqin®v

sb≠p \o _mt°‰w sNm∂-Zpw -tZin®v


71


\ns‚ dPw _oSp-In¬ hm°v -ti-in®v

\n°p-at√m AZp-sIm≠v hnti-in®v

Dc-hm-tf- t-b\v -Xc\msf

bp≤-Øn∂p k∂-≤-cmbn \n¬°p∂ tk\-Iƒ hmZy-tLmjw

apg-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ah-cpsS Bbp-[-ß-sfbpw Ihn hnh-cn-bv°p-∂p:

(a-e-∏pdw ]S-∏m-´v. 60˛mw ]m´v)

Np‰n -]S ap´p-Iƒ Xmi- \-Im-d-Sn-

a-Øfhpw apc-sim‰

sNm√m≥ XIn¿Zm-cta sN≠-Iƒ

ssIaWn Inßn-Wnbpw

]-e-]-e tNmSm InÆmcw Nne-ºp-

an-f°n apf-°n-S-embv

ap‰n-cn-cn-X-Øn-cnbpw Ipi¬Nqf-Iƒ

Imfhpw Ns¶mSp sImºpw

aqfpw Xtºm¿ ap-I-_oW Ibv

_oW knØm-d-Ifpw anI-Zp\n

apµn ]se Nµ-an¬ s_Øv

apSnØv aWn-Øn-S-embv

Ds‰ apdbpw ]nSn-_mƒ NIpfw IZn¿

Ipµhpw tXmńbpw IØn H∏w

iwkm-S -I-am\pw ISp-Øne

s_Ωiphpw IZn-csa

H√bv h≥Iƒ°nSw

N°cw N´bpw ]´-bpta

Xpt‰-ap\ sNº-I-th-ep-Iƒ

a‰p-Xcw _I-Iƒ ]se_∂w

tXm°pw Nn√p≠ acp-∂-c

-s]-ń-Iƒ Ip‰n-Ifpw -I-h-W-Iƒ

sXm√m-Iƒ _n√pfn Nm´pfn

Aºp-I-sf-Øn-cbmw


72


_Z¿bp-≤-Øn\p a°m-Jpdbv-in-Iƒ c-Wm-¶-W-Øn-seØn cW-t`-cn-

Iƒ apg-°p-∂-Xns\bpw ssk\y-ßƒ AWn-\n-c-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ihn

Cßs\ h¿Æn-°p-∂p: (_Z¿ ]S-∏m´v 38˛mw ]m´v)

XpScbv a±-fhpw apc-simSp

adph H‰-I-fpw _P-sbmSp

ZpSn-Iƒ Z∏p-Ifpw IbvaWn

Zp\n-Iƒ Xmin-I-fm¬

sImSp-a- ]p-√p-Iƒ ]qf-Nq-f-Iƒ

sImºp N¶p-I-fm¬ XIrZnIƒ

tImfp- Xm-fta HmSn-Nm-Snbpw

k∏p-\n-∏pIfm¬

]pShn InSp-InsS s\Snsb s\Sn¬Ifpw

sNmSnsb apZp-InS Na-bw ka-s\mSp

IpS-sh-bn-S-bnS Nne¿Iƒ Ib-dnbpw

CS-bn¬ \S-\S ]p\sh hcn-hcn

hcn--Iƒ \n°p-h-Zmbpw

CS-bn¬ Xn°p-hZmbpw

hcp-h-scm-°p-h-Zmbpw

AWn-Iƒ C∏-Sn- Xm-bw......

tImem-l-e-Xmfw CS-bnS

\mep-]p-d-tamfw IpZp-Ipew

tImi-sam-Sp-tafw sNhn-s]Sbv

HmibpsS Imfw

tNep-cn-‰ncn XØn-cn-‰ncn

cncncn-hnfn Ipiem¬ s]cp-hnfn

sN≠- S-≠S H‰ Sp≠p-Sp

Sp≠p ap´pIfm¬

CS-bn¬ Ibv-a-Wn- In-Wn-ep- InWnIn-Wn¬

sXmS-c- In-Æmcw sNe-° -sN-e -sNe

ZpSn-Iƒ s_ºep s_º¬ s_ºep


73


Z∏v Z¬Zen Z¬Z¬ Zn¬Znep

_nIr-Z-sa-Ønsc _Æw

Znan¿ZanØn-cbv sbÆw

XIr-Zn-bp-‰nS I∂w

hI-Np-cp°n Rm≥ D∂bv

Aen-a-c-°m-sc∂ t]mcm-fn-ho-c-t\mSv Xs‚ hmfp-t]-£n-bv°m≥

\mSp-hmgn Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ aq∂p-X-hW A\p-a-Xn- tNm-Zn-®p, ‘CXm

Rm≥ shbv°p∂p’ F∂p- ]-d™v Ac-a-\-ap-‰-Øp -\n∂pw (]-Ømb

amfn-I-bpsS apI-fn-en-cn-°p∂ \mSp-hm-gn-bpsS) ASp-tØ-°p- NmSn

shń-. sht´‰v \mSp-hm-gn-bpsS Hcp ssIbpw ine-sIm-≠p≈ Iń-ens‚

sNSnbpw A‰p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw (Abmƒ) thZ-\-tbmsS \ne-hn-fn-bv°p-∂-

Xp -tI´v ho´p-Imcpw \m´p-Imcpw HmSn-sb-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xns\bpw

Ah-tcm-sS√mw ac-°mcpw XpW-°mcpw t]mcm-Sp-∂-Xn-s\bpw sshZy¿

hnh-cn-bv°p∂ `mKw FX ck-I-c-am-bn-cn-bv°p-∂p-sh∂v t\m°p-I:

(21 ˛ ae-∏pdw. coXn: BZn-X≥ ]n-cn-iw B®n¬ Nm´p- ap-dp-°w)

D‰v km-en-skm-cp -h´w IqSn

Npa-Sn-´p- NmSn ISp-∏-Ønte

Du‰-ap-s‰- ]pen amń-hn´p

ISp-Nm-´-an-´-pap-i-c-Ønte

H‰-sh-´p-sIm-Sp-Øn´p ]‰n lP¿

Iń-e-s®-Sn-bp-a-‰Zmbv

DuSp-Io-dp-an-S -tI-S≥ko-dp-sa-Sbv

-IqSn]mWn-ap-dn-bm-b-Zmbv

s_ń¬ Xe-_-enbpw

iW-an-se -s_-´p- _eIin-bpw

-ap-dn-s]-Sp-µn-´-Zn-S -k-a-bw

Zp-c-b-h≥

_n≠p- kp-c-atøm

\ne-_n-fn -sIm-≠p-S≥ Atøm˛

Isa Ip^v¿ I≠p- _c-htøm


74


Cuipcm-

_n-e-Øm¬ IpZp-Ip-e-Øm¬

Ie-I-e°w Ipe-Ip-e°pw

kqbp-^S¬

tXm°p-I-ƒ

FSp-Øo-Sbpw

_ncp-Øm¿Nne¿Icp-Øm¬

C\n-sbm-cn-°epta

Ccn-°m-Zsh aa acn°mw

\c-n ac°mscbpw

_nS _nSm ASp-Øv

sb-S-sbSm ]nSn

ISp-ISm s_Sn

sNSp sNSm ]S

_ncpZ¿ alm-]p-en-

D-c-an¬ Ie-InSpw

]cn-in-e-cn-i-an¬

s]mcpZn- I-p^n¿I-fn¬

Iń_m-fp-an-f-In´p ]m™pw

XSp-Øn-´p-am-ń-b-h¿ s_´-embv

Im´pw\o´p Nne-tNm-ń¬ Nm´p

sXmbn¬ Iqń-]m-ń-e-a¿Øm-´-embv

(coXn amdn˛ 22 ae-∏pdw)

Nne¿N-Is∏-Sp-Ibpw ]S-hn-\sIm-Sp-a-bn¬

_oc¿ Aen- a-c-°m-c¿ IzZ-anse

s_Sn- sIm-t≠ AZn-I-sa-bp-t≠ -apdn

Nn‰n- Iz-ZwH‰ _new sI´Zp-S≥ a-‰-Zp-Ω¬

tNmń¬ XØn-°n-Øn-®m-Sn-s∏m-cp-ZnSbv

Ie-ºnSpw ]pen-t]mse s]mcpZ-h¿ Xfcth

_ofpw ka-b-an¬ tXmf¿ Ip™n AlvaZv

Ah-ct≠ Hcp ]pdw \nt≠ ]S


75


IØn-bq-cn-°p-Øn-b-Zm¬ a-Ønc¿ a-Sp-Ø-\Iw

sNøpw s_Sn-s_´pw saøn¬ ^-en-s∏´p

_en-b-h‚-cp-fmse Ccp-t]cpw ]qhnX∂n¬

_oWp -i-lo-Zp-I-fmt\ s]mfpZnte

\ne\nt≠ tXmf-c-h¿ ct≠ iWw

a≠nsbØo c≠p -I-Øn -sIm≠p

IpØn- N-≠-satØ

am‰°-hm-^n-dn¬ Xo‰n-°-e-In-Sbv

Nne AwK-h¿Æ-\-Iƒ tIƒ°pI. (_Z¿ 68 Dt≠\pw):

a≠ -ap-In¬sImSpIm¿ap-Intem

\ndw N©-cn-I-®Ztam

AZp ]qhn¬ tbin-Sp-In¬

a-lImf-Iw HinsI Csµ

iu\n-bn¬ as‰mcp eu\pw

s_fn-s∏-SpIm AZn≥ Icp-fm¬

sIm≠- ]-Ip´v aIp´v Npcp´v

_ew-]pcn _m-c-Wtam

\pZ¬ Im¿Ωp-I-∏-cntim

]pcnIw Iam-\p-Itam sb\pw

Ip≠e s_¨]nd c≠p-XSw

IW-hoSp \mkn-Itam.....

_´-ap-I-Øn-epƒ ap-Øp-ta -

sN-º-I -]piv]ta sXmØn-Ztfm

]nd-hm-f-ta ]n-ftcm

aZp-]q-c-W-°-\ntbm Fbn¿

N-µ-aZmw Acn-s_µ-cptfm

Icp-Xmfn amZftam

coXn: ]pXnb _c-W-t®¬.

(ae-∏pdw ]S-∏m-´v˛29)


76


]´m-e-¶ƒ Nn-e-sºmSp In¶nWn

sXm´mcw Xcn-X-≠-Ifpw Ip\n

∏oSw sb-©nepw ]mSIw sNdp

s]m≥I-S-I-¶fpw N¶e Ip¶\pw

Hmsc amZn-cn-bm¬ NpS¿- Bc tamZn-cta

X≠m-Iƒ Xp-S¿ X≠-c-™m-Wp-Iƒ

sam´mSpw s]m≥]-Z-°w D-dp-°p-Iƒ

Xmenbpw Npd-am-ebpw \kv

em°v _p-emIzv _pdmIz-ivdm-sIzmfn

tXmS- ImZn-ebpw apSn-NqSn ]qc-Wta.....

_Z¿ bp≤-Øn¬ hnP-b-io-em-fn-X-\mbn Xncn-®p-h-cp∂ \_n-

bpsS BK-a-\-Øn¬ aZo-\m-hm-kn-I-fpsS B\-µsØ Ihn hnh-cn-°p-

∂p: (_Z¿]S-∏m-´v. 101 coXn: X-S-In-a-WsØ ap°m¬)

aZn-a-Z-\-Øm¬ aZo-t\msc

aZn-a-Z-amse aZn-sbµmw

aZn -Il-\-Øn¬ aZn_tµ

aZn- a-k-emsb

aZp-\n-d-I-©-∏-Ip-´-e¿

aZp-aZp-Xs‚ aZp-s]m¶n

aZp D]-hm-kn-Ø-Sp°pw

a∑Z-aZp -t]mse

aZ-\n-sbm-scm°m aZp-c-Øm¬

aZna-Zn-sØØn alvaq-Z¿

aZp-a-e¿]mZw ]Wn-t¥-‰n

-]p-I-fp-hZmsb

temI-an-se¶pw sXfn-IØpw

temZ-\-amsb \_n XΩbv

temN-\-am¬ I-≠n-Sp-hm\pw

tNZn-Iƒ tIƒ∏m≥


77


temI-c-tZ‰w AWbv -kn-µp-

tem-esat]mse Xnf-®p-≈n¬

temIsa _n´p kpdq-dm¬

Cuam\-p-d-∏mtb.....

GXm--Zr-i-ß-fmb \nc-h[n I¿Æm-\-µ-I-c-amb cmK-ßƒ°p

]pdsa Hmtcm alm-Im-hy-Ønepw Nne ][m\ h¿Ø-am-\-ß-fpsS

Bcw-`-Øn¬ “shWv]” F∂ KZyw tN¿°m-dp-≠v. km[m-c-W-bmbn

A¿∞m-e-¶m-c-ßƒ shWv]-I-fn-emWv IqSp-X¬ D≠m-bn-cn-bv°p-I.

AXp IqSmsX kacKm\-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Knbv-°-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp hnin-

jvScoXn IpXn-c-Øm-f-am-Wv. AXn∂p IpXn-c-h-c-hv F∂pw IpXn-c-®m- w

F∂pw t]cp-≠v. CXp tXmSIw, ZWvUIw F∂o hrØ-ß-fpsS ani-

sa-∂-t]mse \mep amX-I-fp≈ F√m KW-ßfpw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-

≠p≈ Hcp \ho\ coXn-bm-Wv. ae-bm-f-Ønse Xpf-f¬ coXn-tbmSv

IpXn-c-Øm-f-Øn\p kmcq-]y-ap-s≠∂v ]d-bm-sa-¶nepw Cuj-Zy-Xym-

k-an-√m-Xn-√. IpXn-c-Øm-f-tØm-tS-Xm≠v kmay--ap-ff ‘cK-sf-]-t`Xw’ Fs∂mcp coXn I¿Æm-S-I-Øn¬ I≠n-´p-≠v. IpXn-c-®m-´-Øn\p hrØ-

\n-b-a-an-s√∂p ]d-bmw. t]m¿ho-c-∑m-cpsS am¿®nw-Kn\pw ]S-°p-Xn-c-

bpsS \S-Ø-Øn\pw A\p-k-cn® hn[w ]m-kab-amb kc-k-]-Z-ßƒ

tIm¿Øn-W-°n-s°m-≠p-ff ]kvXpX coXn G‰hpw ck-I-c-am-sW∂v

Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°pw. Hcp bp≤-Øn\p tk\-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\tbm

t]m¿°-f-Øn¬ sh®v Hcp cW-ho-c≥ ImWn-°p∂ ]mS-h-sØtbm

h¿Æn-°p-∂h-bmWv IpXn-c-Øm-f-ßƒ. lwk-Øp¬ I¿dm¿ F∂

bp≤-ho-c≥ DlZv c-Wm-¶-W-Øn¬ sh®v ImWn-bv°p∂ Btbm-[\

]m-Shw t\m°p-I (53 DlvZv) :

X√pw XS-hp-Iƒ a√pw ]e-_n\

_n√pw _c-hnse tNm´p-I-fm¬

Nne Nm´p-Ifpw ap\ NqńSem-bv

CS \o´p-Ifpw sNmSn I°n-S-

I-Øn-Iƒ sNº-Ihpw ]nSn

N°cw IpØpfn Z≠p-Ifpw IZn¿

N°n-S-]´ Iam-\p-Ifpw XIn¿Z°nS

sNm´ ISp-Øn-e- _m-f-bn¬


78


a‰pw ]e-X-c-ap-‰-s¶m-Sp -hcsh´pw

ipPm-bn-Iƒ X´pw ISn-\sa

IZn¿a-∏p-en-tbm,-sSZn¿a-°-Sth

]n≠w Xn≠w _n≠pw \n≠pw

I≠w Xp≠w sIm≠pw sN≠pw

am‰-°p-^vsdmSp Xo‰n-°-Sn-\-an¬

Cu‰-∏pen sIme-bm-ń-∏n-Sn-]Sn

iØp-dp -]n-Ø-sc -_-Ø-\-IØpw

IfpØp inc-Øn¬ ]pd-Øp-S¬

a-Ønepw IØn-IƒIpØn -X-dØp

ISØn sbSpØp \ne-Øn-e-SnØv

Xa¿Øv sNmSnØv ]nSnØv adnØv

ae¿Øn bdpØv apdnØv kpcsØ

hnSp-Øv CI¬ Im´p -Zp-ivSsc Nm´v

-X-s´mSp tXmń -]´bpw Iqń- s_-ńSbv

ISp-I-Sn-\-Øcw sImSp-sIm-Sp-a-s°mcp

]cn-ip-c -sN-∏nS lc-l-c-W-∏Sbv

Cu‰-∏p-en-bpsS iqc-Ø-c-am¬ Imd-

°p-^vdnse _oc»pPHm¿ amfn-∏-S-bn¬

Nqfn-∏-dIbv bme¬ lp_vte t_e

-»n-hsc Ime-s°-SpZn-t°-Sn-°p-dntb

t\a-s∏m-enth t\man-∏-S-bn¬ B^-

sØminsI Pohn-Øn-Sptam

Xe-Ip-dn _n-Zntbm _en-sbmcp NZntbm

XSn-bpsS KZntb ]S-bnZp aZntb

_t∂°pw apd -sb-t∂°pw CZp

\nt∂°pw Ah¿ sImt∂°pw k_p

atøm htøm satøm s]mtøm sb≠p


79


-samfn¥p Npin-Øn-Sepw ]pen I≠n-Sp-˛

sa-≠p _-b-Øn-S-emse Xncnµv adnµv

\f¿Øn-Sepw Nne¿ AWn ]n∂nse

IqSn ASp-Øn-Sepw Nne¿ Aºp-Iƒ

IqsS _nSp-Øn-S-epw Nn-e¿ Nqfn-Sepw

Nne¿ ]mfn-Sepw _cn amdn-Sepw

AWn-tX-dn-S-epw......

am∏n-f-∏m- p-I-fnse a‰p Dƒ]n-cn-hp-Iƒ ta¬hn-h-cn® C\-ß-fn¬

s]SmØ sIv, ]Zw, Xncn-∏v, hncp-Øw, Nn¥v, hÆw F∂o Hmtcm

imJ-sb-°p-dn®pw Ah-bpsS D]-im-J-Isf-°p-dn®pw hnh-cn-bv°p-hm≥

ChnsS kuI-cy-an-√. Xncn∏v, hncp-Øw, Nn¥v, hÆw F∂nh A£c

hrØ-ß-fm-Wv. ta¬ ]d™ Hmtcm C\-Ønepw At\Iw D]-im-J-I-fp-

≠v. Ah-bn¬ NneXp ]√hn, A\p-]-√-hn, NcWw F∂o \nb-a-ß-tfm-

Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Ip-∂p. sIp-Iƒ°v timXrlr-Z-bsØ BI¿jn-bv°p-

hm≥ ]tXyI i‡n-bp-s≠-∂p-≈Xv k¿∆-kw-hn-Zn-X-am-Wv. Ah-bn¬

Io¿Ø-\- ]-[m-\-ß-fmb sIp-Iƒ amXta A®-Sn-bv°-s∏-ń-´p-≈q.

PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-sat\y B¿°pw Bkz-Znbv-°m-hp∂ irwKmc ]c-amb

sIp-Iƒ A®-Sn-bv°-s∏-SmsX Xs∂ ]Npc-ambn ]N-cn-®ncnbv°p-

∂p. irwKm-c-Øn-t‚bpw t]a-Øn-t‚bpw D¬Ir„ hi-ßƒ Ah-bn¬

Xptemw Ipd-bp-sa-¶nepw AXy¥w tIma-f-amb hn-[-Øn¬ t]a-Øns‚

arZp-e-hn-Im-c-ßsf X∑-b-Xz-tØmsS ]I-Sn-∏n-bv°p-hm≥ Cu sIp-

Iƒ°p km[n-®n- p-≠v. Ah-bnse kwKo-X-km-µ-amb hnIm-c-ku-µcyw

GXp klr-Z-b-s\bpw Xc-f-Nn-Ø-\m-°m-Xn-cnbv-°-bn-√. sIp-coXn

ASp-Ø-Im-eØv Bhn¿`-hn-®-Xm-Wv.

C\n am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fnse `mjtbbpw kmln-XymwitØbpw

Ipdn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn ssIc-fn-bpsS kwKo-X-]-c-

amb kº¬ kar-≤nsb e£o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp kwKXn kmlnXo

`‡≥am-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb i≤bv°p hnj-bo-`-hn-∏n®p-sIm-f-f-s´.

Hcp A-`n-]m-bw

GXp kmln-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw A`n-hr-≤nbpw ]pXp-abpw A\y-

`m-j-I-fn-ep≈ hn⁄m-\-]-Z-ßfpw hnt\m-Z-I-c-ß-fp-amb \qX-\


80


-k-º-Zm-b-ßsf A\p-Icn°p-∂-Xns\ Bi-bn®n-cnbv-°p∂psh∂p-

≈Xv X¿°-a‰ kwK-Xn-bm-W-t√m. A\y-k-lm-bhpw kl-I-c-Whpw

A\p-I-c-Whpw IqSmsX bmsXm-∂n\pw A`n-hr≤n ]m]n-bv°p-hm≥

km[nbv°p-∂-X√ F∂p-≈Xv ]Ir-Xn-Xs∂ \sΩ ]Tn-∏nbv-°p∂ Hcp

XØz-am-Wv. AXpsIm≠p-X-s∂-bmWv ]gb ImeØp \ΩpsS `mjm

kmln-Xy-Øn¬ C√m-Xn-cp∂ t\mh¬, sNdpIY XpS-ßnb ]ÿm-\-

ßsf CX-c- mjm kmln-Xy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw amXr-IIfm°n kzoI-cn®v,

ssIc-fn-bpsS sFizcyw kar-≤-am-°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS Xqen-Im-Im-c-∑m¿

]cn-i-an®psIm≠n-cn-bv°p-∂Xpw XZzmcm ssIcfo kmlnXyw A`n-

hr≤n ]m]n®p sIm≠n-cn-bv°p-∂Xpw. F∂m¬ ssIc-fn-bpsS kwKo-

X-k-ºØv kmln-Xy-k-º-Øn-s\-t∏mse kwhr-≤-am-bn-ń-s√-∂p≈ ]

cam¿∞w \ap°p kΩ-Xnbv-°msX \nhr-Øn-bn-√.

C∂v `mjm-Im-hy-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ anbv° kwkvIrX hrØ-

ßfpw Km\-]-[m-\-ß-f-s√∂p kΩ-Xnt® Xocq. ZmhnUhrØ-ß-

fn¬ kwKo-X-]-[m-\-ambn ]e-Xp-ap-s≠-¶nepw ]Nm-c-Ønepw ]

tbm-K-Ønepw Npcp°w amXtabp≈q. G‰hpw Npcp-ßnb Cu cmK-

ßsfs°m≠p amXw C∂sØ kn\nambpK-Ønse Km\-tem-ep-]-cmb

sNdp∏-°msc kwXr-]vX-cm-°p-hm≥ ssIc-fnbv°p km[n-bv°-bn-s√-

∂p≈ hkvXpX \mw ad-°-cp-Xv. \ΩpsS sNdp-∏-°m¿ \ntXy\ ]mSn-

c-knbv-°m-dp-≈Xv D¿Zp lnµn Xangv Km\-ß-fm-Wv. F¥psIm≠mWv

h©n-∏m´pw A∂-\-Sbpw a©-cnbpw ]mSp-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ ]Xn-]Øn

ImWn-bv°m-ØXv? AsX, A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Km\-]-c-amb

XrjvWsb ian-∏nbv-°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS anbv° `mjm-hr-Ø-ßƒ°pw

sIev]n-√. t\sc adn®v DØ-tc-¥y-bnse GsX-¶nepw kn\nam \

Sntbm \St\m I¿Æm-\-µ-I-c-amb Km\-sam∂v Be-]n-®m¬ aXn AXv

BtkXplnamNew Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp tImem-l-e-ap-≠m-°n-

Øo¿°p-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p. “N¬ N¬sc \uP-hm≥,” “U¿tØ

\ln Zp\n-bmsa apk¬am-≥ Inkotk,” “A_v tXsc knhm tIm\v-

sacm IrjvWsI \øm,” “BwJn-bm-w an-emsI Pnbm -^¿ams°” apX-emb Km\-ßsf \ap°v DZm-l-c-W-ambn FSp-°mw. FhnsS t\

m°n-bmepw Ftßm´p sN∂mepw bphm-°ƒ amX-a√ sNdp-ss]-X-ßƒ

IqSn Xß-f-dn-bmsX ]kvXp-X-Km-\-ßƒ Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-Xmbn \ap-°-\p-`-

h-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. CsX¥psIm≠m-sW∂p \mw Nn¥nbv-t°-≠n-bn-cnbv-°p-

∂p. timXm-hns‚ ImXpw Icfpw Hcpt]mse H∂n®v Ih¿s∂-Sp-°p∂


81


Km\m-fl-I-amb A`n-\-h-cm-K-ß-fn¬ efnX tIma-f-ßfmb ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ

tIm¿Øn-W-°p-tºmƒ AXv lrZn-ÿ-am-°m\pw ]mSn-c-knbv°p-hm

\pw Bcpw BK-ln®p t]mIp∂p F∂-XmWv AXns‚ cl-kyw. AXp-

sIm≠p Xs∂-bm-Ip∂p ]≠p-Xs∂ kwKo-ssXizcyw [mcm-f-ap≈

Xangv sXep¶v I¿Æm-SI F∂o `mj-I-fn-te°p \hw \h-ß-fmb

cmK-ßƒ ho≠pw ho≠pw Cd-°p-aXn sNøp-hm≥ XØ¬ kmln-Xy-Im-

c-∑m¿ ]cn-i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cnbv-°p-∂Xpw. F∂n-cns° kwKo-X-]-c-amb

kºØv, Xptemw Ipd-™n-cn-bv°p∂ ssIcfo k¥m-\-ßƒ ]g-b-Xp-

sIm≠p Xs∂ Xr]vXn-b-S-bp-hm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv A`n-e-j-Wo-b-a-√.

kmln-Xyhpw kwKo-Xhpw kc-kz-Xn-bpsS kvX\-Zz-b-sa-∂m-Wt√m

A`n⁄aXw. `mjmw_n-I-bpsS Hcp kvX\-Øn¬ \n∂p-am-Xw kvX

\yw e`n-bv°p∂ k¥m-\-ßƒ°p ZrV-Km-X-cm-bn-Øo-cpI km≤y-a-√.

Ah¿°v AΩ-bpsS c≠p kvX\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw [mcmfw kvX\yw

\pI-cm≥ km[n-bv°-Ww. F∂m¬ amXta Ah¿ ]p-jvS-Km-X-cm-bn-

Øo-cq. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ \ΩpsS Ihn-Iƒ ]pXnb ]pXnb kwKo-Xm-

fl-I-co-Xn-Iƒ mj-bn¬ Cd-°p-aXn sNbvXv \ΩpsS Imhy-ßƒ°p \

hy-Xzhpw I¿Æ-am-[p-cyhpw hf¿tØ-≠n-bn-cn-bv°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Øns‚

aWn-aw-K-ey-amb alm-Ihn D≈q¿ GX-Zzn-j-b-I-ambn A\pIqem-`n-

]mbw ]ISn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv Bizm-k-Icw Xs∂-bm-Wv.

A\y-`m-j-I-tfmSp ISw bmNn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-c-ambn am∏n-f-

∏m-´p-I-fnse a[p-c-a-[p-c-ß-fmb ]e cmK-ßfpw `mjm-Im-hy-ß-fn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-bv°p-I-bm-Ip∂p \ΩpsS Ihn-Iƒ BZy-ambn sNtø-≠n-bn-

cn-bv°p-∂-Xv. am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ ssIc-fn-bpsS kz¥w kº-Øm-Ip-∂p.

AØcw coXnIsf kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \-ΩpsS bphIhn--Iƒ ssha-\

kyw ImWn-bvt°-≠-Xn-√. A\y-am-Xm-°-fpsS k¥m-\-ß-tfmSp h√Xpw

bmNn-bv°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ kz¥w ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ D]-tbm-Knbv-°p-∂Xpw

kz¥w amXm-hns‚ hI-bm-bp-≈-Xp-amb thj-`q-j-Iƒ hmßp-∂-Xm-

Wt√m DØ-ahpw DNn-X-hpw. taen-semcp ImeØv \hw\h-ß-fmb

hnin-„-co--Xn-Iƒ \n¿anbv-°p-hm-\p≈ sIev]v ssIcfo k¥m-\-ßƒ°p

Xs∂ D≠m-Ip∂ ]£w A\ysc Bi-bn-bvt°≠ Bhiyw Xosc

C√m-Xm-sb∂pw hcmw. kmlnXy]ptcm-K-a\hnj-b-I-ambn Xe Im™p-

Nn-¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-bv°p∂ \ΩpsS bphkmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m¿ Cu hnj-b-

Ønepw i≤ sNepØn°m◊m-\m-in®p sIm≠pw AXn-∂mbn At]-

£n-®p-sIm≠pw Rm≥ am∏n-f-∏m-ń-te°p Xncn-bv°-s´.


82


am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fnse `mj

]gb ae-bm-fhpw Icn-¥-angpw Ie¿∂ Hcp ]tXy-I-Xcw mj-bm-

Ip-∂p -am-∏n-f-∏m- p-I-fn¬ s]mXpsh ImWp-∂Xv. Ad-_n-∏-Z-ßƒ Bh-

iy-Øn-e-[nIw Ah-bn-ep-]-tbm-Knbv°-s∏-ń-cn-bv°p-∂p. CS-bv°nsS

D¿Zp ]Z-ßfpw ImWmw. ae-bm-f-]-Z-ßƒ anbv°Xpw Kmay-ßtfm ]

Nmcep]vX-ßtfm Bbn-cn-bv°pw. amX-a√ GXp `mj-bnse ]Z-ß-

sfbpw ]mk-Øn\p th≠n btY„w am‰n adn-bv°p-hm≥ XXvI¿Øm-

°ƒ aSn-®n- n-√. Cu ÿnXn-bn¬ am∏n-f-∏m- p-I-fnse mjm-ip-≤nsb ]

cntim[n-°p∂ Hcp mjm- nPv-R\p bmtXmcp kwXr-]vXnbv°pw hgnbn-

√m-bn-cnbv°mw. F∂m¬ Hcp sshbm-I-c-Wt\m `mjm-imkvXhnZ-

Kv[t\m A√ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Isf Bkz-Zn-bv°p-∂Xpw Ahsb°pdn®v

hn[n Iev]n-bvt°-≠-Xpw. ]WvUn-X∑m¿°p th≠n-b√ ]XypX

\nc-£cIp£n-Ifpw Aev]⁄-∑m-cp-am-b km[m-c-W-°m¿°p th≠n-

bmWv, Ahsc B\-µn-∏nbv-°p-hm-\mWv am∏n-f∏m-´p-Iƒ cNnbv-°-s∏-

ń-cn-bv°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Imhy-Øns‚ kwKoXckw A\p-`-hn-bv°p-

hm≥ ]cn-]q¿Æ sIev]p≈ Hcp klr-Z-b≥ Ahsb ]cn-tim-[n®p

t\m°-s´. ]Z-]-tbm-K-Ønepw ]Z-L-S-\-bnepw Bi-b-kw-c-£-

W-Ønepw hnip≤`mhhnNm-c-Ønepw At\Iw sshI-ey-ßƒ

Ah-bn¬ ImWm-sa-¶nepw s]mXpsh am∏n -f -∏m-´p -Iƒ°p≈

am[p-cysØ ambv°p-hm≥ B¿°pw km[nbv-°p-I-bn-√. i_vZ-`w-

Knbv°pw ih-W-am-[p-cnbv°pw hnLmXw X´mØ hÆw hnhn[

`mjm-]-Z-ßsf kc-k-ambn Iqń-bn-W°n kwtbm-Pn-∏n-bv°p-∂-Xn¬

Cu ]m´p-I-fpsS I¿Øm-°ƒ ImWn-®n-´p-ff ssh`hw hnkva-b-I-

c-am-Wv. am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fnse `mjm-ip-≤nsb°pdn®v samØ-Øn¬

Cßs\ ]d-bmsX \nhr-Øn-bn-s√-¶nepw X\n-a-e-bm-f-Ønepw

ip≤-amb `mj-bnepw hnc-Nn-X-amb FXtbm ]ZyiI-e-ßfpw

]q¿ÆIm-hyßfpap-s≠-∂p≈ ]c-am¿∞w hnkva-cnbv°Ø°-X-√.

]pcm-X\IrXn-Iƒ AI-f-¶n-X-amb ae-bm-f-Øn-emWv \n¿anbv°s∏ń-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. ap∂qdpw \m\qdpw sIm√-ßƒ°p apºp≈ IrXn-I-fnse

`mj A°m-eØv cNn-°-s∏- -Xm-sW∂v hniz-kn-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ Xt®m-fn-

∏m-´p-I-fnteXn-t\°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ip≤-am-bn-´mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. `mjm-

kmln-Xy-Øn-s\∂ t]mse am∏nfkmln-Xy-Øn\pw Nne ]cn-h¿Ø\

L´-ß-fp≠mbn-cp-∂-Xmbn sXfn-bn-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ mj-bnse Xangv

]`m-h-Im-ehpw am∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-Ønse Xan-gv]-`m-h-Im-ehpw H∂m-bn-


83


cp-∂n-√. kwkvIrX ]`mhw am∏n-f-∏m- p-I-fn¬ Xosc D≠m-bn- n-s√∂p

thWw ]d-bp-hm≥. Xan-gns‚ tIma-fn-abpw am[p-cyhpw A\p-`-hn®

am∏n-f-°-hn-Iƒ kwkvIr-X-tØmSp henb ]Xn-]Øn ImWn-®n-s√-

∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. KXm-\p-K-Xn-I-tXz\ Xan-gvssi-enbv°p am∏n-f-

∏m-´p-I-fn¬ Nnc-]-XnjvT e`n-®p. kwKo-Xm-fl-I-amb Imhy-ßƒ°p

AXn-L-c-tLm-jmZn h¿ÆßtfmSp IqSnb kwkvIrX]-Z-ß-tf-°mƒ

efn-X-tIm-af-ß-fmb Xan-gv]-Z-ß-fmWv IqSp-X¬ A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-

bv°pI F∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.

kmln-Xymw-iw

kmln-Xy-Øns‚ an° hnin-„-Kp-W-ßfpw F√mck-ßfpw

\ap°v am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fn¬ \n∂v Bkz-Zn-bv°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂p. ]

t£ DØa Imhy-ß-fn¬\n-s∂∂t]mse A¿∞m-e-¶m-c-Øns‚

F√m hi-ßfpw Ah-bpsS DXvIr„cq]-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-bv°p-hm≥

\ap°p km[n-®n-s√∂p hcpw. F∂mepw am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ lrZy-

amb Km\-c-k-tØmSpw ]mkkuµ-cy-tØmSpw IqSn-bhbm-b-Xn-\

m¬ eLp-hmb A¿∞m-e-¶m-c-ßƒ t]mepw \sΩ B\-µn-∏n-bv°pI

Xs∂ sNøp-∂p. i_vZm-e-¶m-c-Øn-em-hs´ B ]m´p-Iƒ `mj-bnse

at‰Xp Imhy-ß-tfbpw Ih®p shbv°p-∂p-sh∂v JWvU-\-`-b-sat\y

]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. BUw-_c ]nb≥am-sc∂p ]cs° ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂

am∏n-f-am¿ Xß-fpsS IhnXmIman-\nsb At\-I-Xcw ]mk`qj-Iƒ

sIm≠v Ae-¶-cn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂-Xns\ icnbmw hÆw Kln-bv°p-hm≥

Ah-bp-ambn ]cn-N-bn-bv°pI Xs∂ thW-sa∂v ]d-bmsX \nhr-Øn-

bn-√. FXp-I, tam\, A¥m-Zn-]mkw F∂nh Zo£n-bv°-s∏-SmØ

IrXn-Iƒ ]m´p-I-fmbn KWn-®p-Iq-sS-∂mWv am∏n-f-°-hn-°-fpsS A`n-

a-Xw. Ah IqSm-sX-bmWv A\-h[n hn[-Øn-ep-ff ]mk-ßƒ am∏n-

f-∏m-´p-Isf Ae-¶-cn-bv°p∂psh∂v ap≥ ]d-™Xv. Hcp ]mZ-Øn¬

aq∂v ZznXo-bm-£-c-]m-k-ßƒ BZyw kzoI-cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ B cmKw

Xocp-∂-Xp-hsc Hmtcm ]mZ-Ønepw apΩq∂v ]mk-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-bvt°-

W-sa-∂Xv \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. IqSmsX Hcp ]mZ-Øn\p ct≠m aqt∂m

AXn-e-[n-Itam JWvU-ß-fp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-bn-se√mw hyXykvX

\nb-a-ß-tfmSp IqSnb thsd ]mk-ß-fp-ap≠m-bn-cn°pw. ae-bm-f-

Ønepw kwkvIr-X-Ønepw ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-ff ]mk-ßƒ am-X-a√

At\Iw \qX\]mk-ßƒ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fn-ep-≠v. ]gb XangpImhy-


84


ß-fmWv Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Im¿°p amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂X-v

F∂p ]dbmw. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Isf CXbpw BI¿j-

I-am°nØo¿ØXv Ah-bpsS Km\-c-khpw i_vZm-e-¶m-c-hp-am-sW∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ A_-≤-an-√.

D¤-h-Im-ew

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ D¤-hn® Imew GXm-sW∂v JWvUn®p

]d-bm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. Adp\qdp sIm√sØ ]g-°-ap≈ A]-[m\

Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ C∂pw ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah-tb-°mƒ Zp„-

`m-j-bn-ep-ff thsd \mtSm-Sn-∏m-´p-Iƒ ]mSn-t°ƒ°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw

][m\ hnj-b-Øn¬ Ah°p apºp Xs∂ ]m´p-Iƒ Bhn¿`-hn-®n-cn-

°Ww F∂q-ln-°mw.

]q¿∆o-I-I-hn-Ifpw Imhy-ß-fpw

\ne-hn-ep≈ alm-Im-hy-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ ^pØp-

lp-»m-ans‚ I¿Ømhv tN‰p-hm-bn-°m-c≥ ]co-°p-ń, henb \ko-l-

Øp-amebpsS I¿Øm-hv Iq´mbn Ip™nt°mb apX-em-b-h¿ ap∂qdp

sIm√-ßƒ°p-apºv Pohn-®-h-cm-Wv. Idm-a-Øp-am-e-bpsS I¿Ømhpw

I∏∏m´p-I¿Ømhpw AtX-Im-e-Øp-f-f-h-cm-sW∂p hniz-kn-bv°s∏Sp-

∂p. dn^mCu amebpw aplvbn-±o≥ amebpw bYm-Iaw \m\qdpw Adp-

\qdpw sIm√-ßƒ°p apºp-ff IrXn-I-fm-Wv.

B[p-\nI Ihn-Iƒ

B[p-\nI am∏nf°hn-I-fn¬ bYm-Iaw lpss\≥, a°w-

^-Xvlv, ssJ_¿, k^-e-ame F∂o Imhy-ß-fpsS I¿Øm-°-fmb

s]m∂m\n amfn-b-°-e-IØp Ip™lva-Zv, Xm\q¿ a®nß-e-IØp

sambvXo≥ sam√, s]m∂m\n AlvaZv sam√, ipPmbn sambvXp

auehn F∂n-hcpw am∏nf°hnkam´v tambn≥Ipń sshZy-cp-amWv

][m-\-∑m¿. am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ°v \qX-\-amb HmPkpw tXPpw -\evIn

kap-∂-X-amb Hcp ÿm\w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØXp sshZy-cm-Wv. At±-lw

\qdp sIm√ß-ßƒ°p apºv sImt≠m-ń-bn¬ P\n-®p. _Zv¿, -DlvZv,

ae-∏pdw, keo-J-Øv F∂o -k-a-c-Km-\-ßfpw lnPvd F∂ Ncn-X-Km-\

hpw _Zvdp¬ ap\o¿ F∂ irwKm-cImhyhpw ssh-Zy-cpsS hI-bmbn

am∏nf kmln--Xy-Øn\p e`n® Aaqey\n[n-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv. Im™n-

cme Ip™n-cm-b≥, Ip™n-ko-Xn-t°m-b, ibvJv tImb, IΩp-°p-ń


85


ac-°m¿, Nm°ocn sambvXo≥Ip-ń, sambvXo≥ Ipń lmPn, ]n bw

]co-°p-ń, amfn-tb-°¬ ]co-°p-ń, amÃ¿ Ip™n-°-Ωp, ]ø¬

JømØv, -]p-en-t°m- n¬ sFZp, B_p, Dsslan-Zv, hmg-∏p≈n apl-ΩZv,

sshZy-c-IØv -Ip-™-lva-Zv, \√fØp- ho-cm≥, Ip‰n-∏n-em≥ -A-lvaZv

Ipń, DÆn-∏, sI.-kn, I¿Æm-SI tZi-°m-c-\mb C_v\p- Izolv F∂

Ip™Ωp F∂o Ihn-I-fpw ]n.sI.l-eoa F∂ Ihbn-Xnbpw am∏n-f-

km-ln-Xy-Øn\p \nkvXpe tkh\w sNbvX-h-cm-Wv.

C\n \ap°p Nne ck-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°mw

iXp-°-tfmSv s]mcp-Xp-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ t]m¿hoc≥ amXm-hn-

t\mSp hnShmßp-hm≥ sN∂-t∏m-gsØ kw`m-jWw tIƒ°p-I. coXn:

]pXn-b- Xn-cp--hcpƒ apØv- apdnNm´v. (32-- ˛ ae-∏pdw)

Iń-bi-Ipw -sh-Sn-°ps‰

Ipcp-hmw sambvZo≥

Ipń-bm-\-h¿ -]p-d-

s∏´ t\c-an¬

I≠p Xmbm-cn¬ _nS

\n≠p -tX-S-en¬ DΩm

X≠-embpw _mbvap-d-

sIm≠v Iqdp-hmƒ

CivS-am -tam-t\ \ns∂-

s∏-‰-\mƒ apZ¬°nsµ

a´pw ln¿Znse h´hn¿-Wsa

s]´p -ap-dn-bmƒ Rm≥

CønSw _n´p -t]m-bm¬

\nøWbv -a-´pw Zp°

∏pøv sIm-Sp-ISn sNø-ense

Xpbn¬ _ø Ai-\-hpta

a´p_n-´p -a-\m-ap\ofaZm-In¬


86


t]¿ _n-fn ]mc-am-Ipta a‰n

\n-s°m-cp- ImZ-teZn-\n -B-c-am

-a-Wn-tam-s\ \o shmin

Xn´w t]m¿sN-øm≥- C-h

-D-‰n-S≠m \o sb≠pw

s]mń-bfpZv X-f¿µv

A-‰p_o-WpZbv

sX‰n-hm _miw -]-≈n

-Np-´p-t]m-Ip-∂mƒ sNm∂m¬

Ip‰-ap-≠pΩm

ssJsd-sØm-´-cpƒhotc

coXn: Dc-sØ-\pw -ap-dp°w (33 ˛ ae-∏pdw)

Acp-fn-hnSbv Xc-W-sas‚

Icp-W-bv ap-Ømtc

Dbn¿°ncpWapt‰mtc

laebv ]Øv ilv¿ h-b-‰n¬

sb\Zbv s_tØmtc

t\mhpw -I\w kln-tØmtc

Dcp-Xn-cn-Øn-´p-bn¿ sIm-SpØv

Cº-cbv hf¿Ømtc

apebv ]bkp-W¿Ømsc

DSb lIzm≥ A-h-\n¬

H°m Iinb-b-∏otc

kz_v¿ sNbvXn-cn-∏otc

aqkm-a-sX∂ t]m¿ho-c≥ Xs‚ hmfn-t\mSp ]d-bp-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv

(45˛ ae-∏pdw. ]Ip-ń∂v)

A¶-an¬ ]p°p \o tXmt°m-S-Sp-°p-tºmƒ

H´pta s_°√ \o f¿_m¬ aSp-°√ \o


87


AWµq°n-se-Øn-S-Ww \nd-tXm°pw A‰n-SWw

_≥ Ip^n¿Iƒ XSnbqS \S-°Ww

\mi-s∏-Sp-Øo-SWw NZp¿-]mSpw Np‰n-SWw

_Z≥\m≥ acn-∏-Zn≥ap≥ -D\bv _oWn-d-°-cptZ

irwKm-c-c-k-sam-∂m-kz-Zn®v \ap-°-h-km-\n-∏n°mw. Iza¿_m≥

F∂ cmPI-\yIbpsS cay-l¿ayØn¬ Ib-dn-s®∂ _Z-dp¬ ap\o¿

F∂ \mb-I≥ Iza¿_m-t‚bpw -tXm-gn-am-cptSbpw \·-Km-X-I-fmbn-

s°m-≠p≈ Dd-°-tØbpw \mbn-I-bpsS AwtKm-]mw-K-ku-µ-cy-tØ-

bpw Hcp ssI hb-‰Øpw at‰ss° Xe-bv°p Iogn-epw sh®v c≠p

Imep-Ifpw \oń-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ InS-ØtØbpw I≠v A¤p-X-]-

c-X-¥-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xns\ Ihn h¿Æn-°p-∂p. (lpkv\p¬ Pam¬ ˛

54 Hmim-_n-cpØw)

I-≠md°-´p-Ω¬ s_≠-cp-f -XJv

sØm≠-Zn-ep-≠m-s\ - H-cp-Øn

Il-\n-ep-ZnsØ Iza¿ t]m¬

apIw IØn -se-¶n -a-dn-µms\

_≠n-d-sIm-Ø- I-dp-∏p-ap-Sn-s°´pw

_n√p-e-sIm¬]m-t\ Xne-Iw

_m¿®m -apIw aq°pw t]m¿

]-hn-f-®p≠pw Imd-°fp-Ømt\

In≠n- In-eiw Ccnt∏m \¬sNt∏m

aZnt∏m Dd-∏ms\ \¬Ip-™n

InÆtam IÆ-Sn I-ń-ain-bn-´

_´-ap-e-bmt\

D≠sµ Iń-en≥ Np‰nepw \mev]Zv

s]≠n-Ifpw Xmt\ InSµv

Hs°bpw Xt°m-fw- an°bv

Dd°n¬ InS°bv -sbZn¿Ømt\

aZp-c-I°-∂n- a-e¿µv -In-Sµsµ

ssI _-Xz-\-Øm-s\ AWbv-Øp


88


atØ -ssI -ko-tdm-S-ssW-Øncp

]mZapw \oń-∏n-W-bvØms\

_Z-\-I-Øn-√m- Xp-In--sem≠pw

sNm√p-h-Zp°v Dcn-bm-t\ Xc-Øn¬

_©n-bmƒ sam©-en¬ I©I

s\©pw ]n≥ X-©-ßƒ I≠mt\

aZ-\-°-S¬ Hmfw apµn- Nn-dµp

adn-µv -an-Iµm-t\ -A-Sp-Øv

amZ-f-taµ-f-s°m-¶bpw

amdpw XS-In-a-W-Ømt\

.


89


A\p-_Ôw 2

Ihnkam´v tambn≥IpńsshZy¿

1959Â ]kn-²o-I-cn¨ I®qÀ PnÃm apkvenw eoKv kph-\o-

dnÂ tambn³Ip«n sshZysc Ipdn¨v Sn. Dss_Zv Fgp-Xnb

teJ-\-am-Wn-Xv. At±-l-¯nsâ hni-I-e-\-coXn a\-Ên-em-

¡m³ Cu teJ\w klm-bn-¡pw.

tam-bn-≥-Ip-ń ssh-Zy-¿ tI-c-fo-b-I-hn-I-fn-¬ H´pw A-]-[m-\-a-

√m-Ø H-cp ÿm-\w A-¿-ln-°p-∂ a-lm-\mWv. A-t±-l-Øn-\p k-a-io-

¿-j-\m-bn H-cp Ihntbm H-cp hn-hn-[-`m-jm-]-fin-Xt\m am-∏n-f-k-ap-Zm-

b-Øn-¬ D≠mbn-ń√. Cu ]-c-am¿-∞w tI-c-fo-b¿ s]m-Xp-hn-¬, F-∂p-

th-≠m A-d-_n-a-e-b-m-f-hp-am-bn ssZ-\wZn-\k-º¿-°w]p-e-¿-Øn-t∏mcp-∂

am-∏n-f-am-¿ X-s∂bpw C∂pw th≠pwh-Æw K-ln-®n- n-s√-∂p≈-Xv F-X

tim-N-\obw! a-c-hn-®p-In-S-∂n-cp-∂ k-ap-Zm-b-lr-Z-b-Øn-∂v B a-lmI-hn

NqSpw sh-fn-®hpw \-evIn. kw-Ko-X-km-ln-Xy-I-e-I-fp-am-bn ]-d-b-Ø-°

_-‘-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂ am-∏n-f-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\v B Ihn-tIm-In-e-Øn-s‚ I-f-

IqP-\w B-\-µhpw B-th-ihpw A-cpfn. A-d-_n-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-¬ a-d-™p-In-

S-∂n-cp-∂Xpw ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ amXw B-kz-Zn-®n-cp-∂-Xpam-b C-kvv-eman-I

N-cn-X-I-YI-sf N-a-ev-°m-c-km-µ-am-°n, km-am-\y-P-\-ß-fpsS -Iq-Sn I-c-

ƒ-I-h-cp-∂ Km-\m-fl-I-co-Xn-I-fn-¬ A-t±-lw k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ ap-ºn-¬


90


sh®p. A-Xm-kz-Zn-°m-≥ P-\-ß-ƒ B-bn-c-°-W°n-¬ ]m-s™Øn. B

Km-\-X-√-P-ß-fn-ep-d-™ kw-Ko-X-km-ln-Xy-ß-fp-sS A-\n-¿-∆-N-\o-bam-b

B-\-µ-e-l-cn-bn-¬ A-h-¿- a-Ø-cm-bn Nm-©m-Sp-Ibpw \r-Øw sh-°p-

Ibpw sN-bvXp. ssh-tZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ a-b-°p-a-cp∂p-sIm-≠v a-ßn-

t∏m-b a-Xm-`n-am-\hpw k-ap-Zm-bm-`n-am-\hpw ]p-\-cp-÷z-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-¬

a-lm-I-hn-bp-sS ho-cc-kw Xp-fp-ºp-∂ Im-hy-ß-ƒ kp-]-[m-\am-b m-Kw

h-ln-®n-´p-s≠-∂p ]-d-bp∂-Xv A-Xn-i-tbm-‡nb√.

am-∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-\-t`m-a-fi-e-Øn-¬ A-\-iz-c-]-`m-]q-cw ]c-Øn

]-tim- n-°p-∂ a-lm-tPym-Xn-m-Wv ssh-Zy-¿. B I-hn-k-am- n-s‚ ]-Xn-

-bn-¬ \n-∂v \n-¿-§-fn-® km-ln-Xy-km-µam-b kw-Ko-X-c-k-Øn-s‚ Kw-Km-

]-hm-l-Øn-¬ B-dm-Sp-hm-≥ `mKyw kn-≤n-®-h-¿-°p-≠m-Ip-∂ B-\-µm-

\p-`q-Xn A-hm-Ny-am-Ip∂p. am-∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-sØ \-hyhpw `-hy-hpam-b

k-c-Wn-bn-eq-sS \-bn-® ]-cn-jv-I-¿-Øm-hm-Wv a-lm-Ihn. A-Xn-s‚ H-cp

\q-X-\-L´-sØ A-t±-lw ]-Xn-\n-[o-Icn-°p∂p. \q-dp-I-W-°n-ep-≈

\q-X-\-co-Xn-Ifpw ]m-Npcyws]-‰ ]m-km-e-¶m-c-ßfpw \-S-am-Sp-∂ A-t±-

l-Øn-s‚ I-a\o-b I-h-\-ß-ƒ am-∏n-f-km-ln-Xy-sØ A-\p-K-lo-Xhpw

]p-„-`m-Ky-hp-am-°n-Øo-¿-Øp. ]-g-b-Xn-s\ ap-gp-h\pw ]-º-I-S-Øp-∂-Xm-

Wv ]-cn-jv-Im-c-sa-∂v A-‘-am-bn hn-iz-kn-°p-∂ C∂-sØ ]p-Ø-≥-I-

hnI-sf H-gn-®p-\n-¿-Øn-∏-d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬, am-∏n-f-∏m-´pIm-cm-I-am-\w

tam-bn-≥-Ipń-ssh-Zy-sc B-Nm-cy-\m-bn B-Z-cn-°bpw B I-hn-Ip-e-Iq-

Sÿ-s‚ ]m-Z-]-¶-P-ß-ƒ ]-Xn-™- ]m-h-\am-b ]m-X-bn-eq-sS bm-X-Xp-

S-cpIbpw sN-øp∂p.

k-eo-JØv, _-Zv-¿, D-lvZv, a-e-∏p-dw F-∂o k-a-c-Im-hy-ßfpw H-cp

]-W-b-IY-sb A-[n-I-cn-®p-≈ _-Zvdp-¬ ap-\odpw ln-Pv-d-Øp∂-_n F-∂

N-cn-X-Ir-Xnbpw ssh-Zy-cn-¬ \n-∂v m-jm-km-ln-Xy-Øn-∂p e- n-® A-\-¿-

L-kw- m-h-\-I-fmWv. F-Æ-Ønepw aq-ey-Ønepw AØ-cw kw- m-h-\-I-ƒ

sNømt\m I-h-\-I-e-bn-¬ A-t±-lw B-tcml-Ww sNbv-X D-∂-X-in-J-

c-Øn-s‚ Xm-gvhm-c-Øn¬ t]mepw FØmt\m a-s‰m-cp am-∏n-f-°-hn°pw

C-t∂h-sc km-[n-®n-ń-s√-∂v ta-¬-]-d-™ Im-hyß-sf k-i-≤w ]-Tn-

°p-Ibpw a-‰p-am-∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂

k-lr-Z-b-∑m-¿ k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂-XmWv. a-lm-I-hn-bp-sS I-h-\-]m-Sh-sØ

hn-fn-t®m-Xp-∂ Ip-td Km-\-i-I-e-ß-ƒ D-≤-cn-°s´.

tI-c-f-N-I-h-¿-Ønbm-b tN-c-am-≥-s]-cp-am-ƒ ]-hm-N-Iin-tcm-a-Wn-

bm-b d-kq-¬ Xn-cp-ta-\n(k)bp-sS ]-hn-X-k-∂n-[n-bn-¬ F-Øn-t®¿-∂v


91


`-‡ym-Zc-ß-tfm-sS X-e-Ip-\n-°p-∂Xpw l-¿-jm-c-h-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ tN-

c-am-≥ Xn-cp-a-\p-sIm-≠v I-en-am DZv-tLm-jn-°p-∂Xpw F-X-X-∑-b-Xz-

tØm-sS-bm-Wv ssh-Zy-¿ Nn-Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v t\m-°pI:

_m-dp-I-ƒ X-cn-Øv t_-µ-¿ tN-c-am-≥ D-f¿tµ

_-≠p-sNw-hn-µ-∏p-hm-kw G-‰-ssW t]m-¬ tN¿-tµ

No-¿-°-Sm-£-t°m-ƒ a-e-¿-sN-µm-a-c-∏-Z-Øn-¬

sN-Ω-Zn-°n-cn-In-Sw FSpØvv kossd Xmƒ-Øo

Xmƒ-Øo ]-Wn-tµ-‰o ]pI-ƒ-t]m-Øo s]-cp-am-ƒ in-c-knse

X-¶w IpS s]m¶pw Xn-cp-X-¶-ƒ I-c-am-¬ X-ipIth

hmƒ-Øo X-e \o¿-Øo Xss\ hm¿-Øm ]p-Xp-am k-Ieta

hm-Zn-Ø-h¿ tNm-Zn-ØXn-tem-Xn ]n-b-am-¬ k-_-bn-se

]p-en-I-ƒ A-d-_n-I-ƒ \-e-h-¿ k-l-_pIƒ

]-ecpw H-cp-a-bp-ƒ hen-a l-f-dnse

\n-e-hn-e-Zn]-Xn I-en-a-sam-fnIsh

s]m-en-hv I-S-¬]-Sn A-e-I-ƒ ap-fI-sh

ap-fI-th skm¿-°w sIm≠v

ap-kvX-^m sh-iv-°w Zp-B

sam-fnI-th l-J-≥ X-∂n-¬

sam-Øn A-h-¿-°mbn

_-Zv¿ t]m-¿-°-f-Øn¬ t]m-cm-fn ho-c-∑mcm-b lw-k(d)bpw i-bv-_

-Øp-w XΩnep≈ Zz-µ-bp-≤-h¿-Æ-\ F-X ho-cc-kw Xp-fp-ºp-∂-Xm-sW-

∂p t\m-°pI:

C-cn-]q-dw X-l-ø-dn-\m-¬ \n-e°sh

C-I-¬ lw-k i-bv-_-Øp-am-bn Xn-c°sh

D-cw-l-cni-cn lw-k-Xm-≥ A-Sp°sh

H-cp sh´p-sImS-bv DS-t\ X-Sp°-sh

Cu-d-ap-‰n-°q-S-i-bv-_-tØ-I-sh-´v Xm-s\minØv

tX-dn lw-k ]m-S-I-ƒ-K-Øm-e-Sn-Øn-t´m-≥ X-Sp-Øv


92


X-S-shm-Sp \o-´pw A-S-shm-Sp Nm´pw

X-San-S AS-¬-sIm-Sp Xp-S-¿_n-\ I-SpI-S

X-Sn-s]Spw _n\-]-e ]m-Sp-saØnc

tNm-Sp-c-sØm-bn-¬ I-cn-i-\-am-¬

s]m-cp-sa-cn s]m-cn-s¥-fp-¥m-bp-Z-Øn-\n-¬

]p-hn-In-fc-sh s]m-Sn ]m-dp-c-Øn-\n¬

a-cp-X-h-≥ Np-ien-t]m¬ s]m-¶n I-f-Øn-\n-¬

a-lm-Np-S-¿ I-Xn¿-assd Nq-c-W-Øn-\n¬

t]m-cp-c-º-¬ tI-ƒ-°ne∏p tIm-≥-Xn-c-t°m-ƒ \mWpw a-ń-¬

]m-¿-h-b¿-°p t]-X-a-‰-t∏m-Xn-¬ lw-k Nm-Sn-sh-ń

sh-´-Xp-Ip-^v-dn-¬ X-ńssS Np-a-en-¬

hnssf Ccp-s]m-fn-b-Zm-bv ]n-fc-sh D-S-\h¿

hn-IrX-sa ]-cn-I-fn-Xm-f-a-®p-

aSm-Sn A-°-f-an-se \n-e-bm-bv

cXv\-J-Nn-Xam-b aWn-a-©-Øn-¬ \nZ-sIm-≈p-∂ b-£-cm-P-Ip-am-

cnbm-b J-a-¿-_m-s‚ Aw-K-em-h-Wy-sØbpw a-‰pw h-¿-Æn-°p-∂ ""I-≠m-d-

°- p-Ω-¬'' F-∂ Km-\w ]-kn-≤-am-W-t√m. ""I-cp-W''-bp-sS B-cw- -Øn-¬

hm-k-h-Z-Ø-bp-sS In-S-∏n-s\ h-¿-Æn-°p-∂ m-K-hp-am-bn ]-kvXp-X Km\-

sØ Xpe-\w sN-bv-Xp t\m-°p∂-Xv c-km-h-l-am-bn-cn-°pw. B-im-s‚

Nn-X-W-Øn-¬ km-ln-Xymw-iw Iq-Sp-sa-∂-Xn-¬ ]-£m-¥-c-an-s√-¶nepw

ssh-Zy-cp-sS Km-\-Øn-\p kw-Ko-Xmw-ihpw i-–m-e-¶m-chpw Iq-Sp-∂-Xn-

\m-¬ tim-Xr-lr-Zb-sØ hn-Im-c-hn-Prw-`n-X-am-°p-hm-≥ ""I-≠m-d-°-

´p-Ω-¬'' Km-\-am-Wv Iq-Sp-X-¬ ]-K-¤-sa-∂v tXm-∂p∂p.

t]m-¿-°-f-Øn-¬ ap-dn-th-‰v A-h-i-\m-bn hoWpIn-S-°p-∂ A-_q-

P-len-t\m-Sv B-k-∂-a-c-W-th-f-bn-se-¶nepw G-I-ssZ-h-Øn-¬ hn-iz-

kn-°p-hm-≥ A-–p-√m-ln-_v-\p a-km-Du-Zn-s\-s°m-≠v a-lmI-hn sN-øn-

°p-∂ D-]-tZ-iw km-c-h-ØmWv.

]n-d-Im-iw XnI-tµ Ip-ew-In-f-bm-¬ ]n-d-µp \o h-f¿tµ

t]cpw ip-cp-Xn ]te Ducpw ]-c-µ-h-≥ \o

]n-S°pw ip-Pm-A-Øp-S-¬ an-Sp°pw an-I-Ø-h-≥ \o


93


B-cw C-kvvemw Zo-\n-¬ tN-cm-a-semin-µ-Zm¬

A-≠w sI´-Xv t]m-se In-≠w s]ń-h lmte

A-dp-Znbpw h-tµ ka-bw F-Øo A-S-en-¬ \o hn-fptµ

A-√-¬ D-S-¬-°W-™p ]√pw sXm-en sXm-en™p

B-bw I-Æp-I-ƒ \-´p hmbpw Nn-dn-I-ƒ Np´p

F√pw D-d-s∏m-Sn-™p a√pw hn-\ ap-Sn™p

F-fp-µv Xm-Sn-Iƒ s]m-ń hn-fp-µv I-hnfpw Hń.....

A-dp-aq-≠-¬-^m-ew ]p-I-f-s∏-t´m-¿ A-lva-Z-¿ ioew

B-Zw Xn-cp-a-bnµ-¿ HmZpw apssd I-enam

A-√m-lv H-cp-h-s\≠pw \-t√m-¿ d-kq-e-sZ≠pw

HmZpw ]-Sn A-dn-µv th-Zw ]pIntem \n-\°v

H-tØm-¿ H-cp t]-cpt≠m _p-t±m-¿ \ssa Ip-e-Øn-¬

k-l-t_mcn-sem-t° \-_n-bp-≈m-s‚ _-lp-am-\w D\t°

C-kvvemw aX-sØ D-∑qe-\w sN-øm-≥ A-_q-P-l-¬ sNbv-X Ip-X-

¥-ß-fp-sS hy-¿-∞X-sb C-_v-\p a-kv-Du-Zv k-a-¿-∞n-°p∂-Xv t\m-°pI:

C-dp-ºn-sb F-en am-bv-°m

I-dpºpssd ]p-en Xm-bv°m

C-X-Øn¬ sNm-sc-¶ A-ssf-°m¿

aZ-sØ D-cp-Iƒ t]m-°m....

sNm-Sn-®v h-÷n-c-s°mssØ

Xp-S-®p-am-bv-sØ-Sp°mtam

tPm-\m-K-°-e-IsØ

∏q-\m-Kw X-Sp°ptam

]n-Sn-tØ Xo hn-≈-Øm¬

sI-Sp-Øq-‰w A-S°m-tam....

ho-c-c-k-]-[m-\-ßfm-b Ip-Xn-c-Øm-f-ß-ƒ ]-S-∏m-´p-I-ƒ ]-e-Xn-

epw Im-Wm-sa-¶nepw ]-kv-Xp-X-hr-Øw \n-¿-Ωn-°p-∂Xn-¬ a-lm-I-hn-

°p≈ ssh`-hw H-∂p-th-sd-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. Xm-fm-fl-I-ßfm-b F-¨-

am-Xm-K-W-ß-fn-¬ k-tΩm-l-\-am-bn C-W-°-s∏-´ ]m-k-a-b-ßfm-b

]-Zm-h-en-I-ƒ A-Wn-b-Wn-bm-bß-s\ am¿-®v sN-øp-tºm-ƒ D-≠m-Ip-∂

ho-c-c-k-]-hm-l-Øn\p, G-Xp-h-ºn-® P-\-k-aq-l-sØbpw B-th-iw


94


sIm-≠v N-en-∏n-°p-hm-≥ Xn-I®pw ]m-]v-Xn-bp-s≠-∂v A-\h-[n A-\p- -h-

ß-ƒ sX-fn-bn-®n-´p≠v. D-lvZv, a-e-∏p-dw F-∂o Im-hyß-fn-se kp-Zo-¿-L-

ßfm-b Ip-Xn-c-Øm-f-ß-ƒ Dd-s° ]m-Sn t\m-°p-hm-≥ A-\p-hm-NI-sc

£-Wn-°p-I-am-X-ta X-c-ap≈q.

irw-Km-c-Øn-s‚ hn-hn-[-h-i-ßfpw t]-a-Øn-s‚ D-Xv-Ir-„mw-i-ß

fpw m-jm-Im-hy-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂p \-ap-°v B-kz-Zn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-sW-∂-Xn-¬

kw-i-b-an-√. F-∂m-¬ c-km-\p-Kp-W-ßfm-b Km-\m-fl-I hr-Ø-ß-fp-sS

ssh-Nn-Xyw \n-an-Øw ssh-Zy-cp-sS _-Zv-dp-¬ ap-\o-¿ t]-a-Im-hy-Øn-se

B-kzm-Zy-X-bv-°p H-cp hn-ti-j-X-bp-s≠-∂v ]d-t™ a-Xn-bmhq.

lp-kv-\p-¬ P-am-epw _-Zv-dp-¬ ap-\odpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-I-ƒ

\n-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v A-h-¿-°p≠m-b hn-c-l-Zp:J-sØ I-hn

h-¿-Æn-°p∂-Xp t\m-°pI:

A-¥-\m-fn-cp-h-¿°pw lp-∫p-sS Nn-¥-a-¶n-I-e-¶ntb

A-≠w-sI-´p s]m-cn-µ-Ip-°pSw-t]m-¬ ap-jn-∏p-hn-Nm-c-ambv

A-¥nbpw ]-I-eq-Wp-d°pw I-emapw hn-´p-fw hn-¶-embv

A-¶w Civ-sJmcp-t]m-se-tb-‰-i-\-ß-ƒ lp-∫-Xp-aq-´-embv

_-‘w c≠-sc hm-¿-Ø-I-ƒ In-\m-sh-∂ Zq-X-≥ C-S-°nSm

_-µp-cØn-S tN-¿-Øepw ]-e-hm-¿-Ø C-iv-Jn-¬ hn-cp-Øepw

kµ-Zw D-W-¿-µn-´p ]m-¿-°-en-¬ I-≠n-Sm a-lm-Zp°-an-¬

X-Ωn-¬ ap-≥ I-in-µn-s´ C-iv-Jv \n-\-®p-c-Ø-fp-Zo-Sepw

DuWpw D-d-°-hp-an-√m-bv-abpw t]-a-Øn-s‚ B-lm-cw I-gn-®p Xr-

]v-Xn-b-S-bp-∂Xpw kz-]v-\-Zq-X-≥ CS°nsS- h-∂v A-t\ym\yw hn-h-c-ap-W-

¿-Øp-Ibpw H-cp tN-SI-s‚ km-a-¿-∞y-tØm-sS Im-ap-Io-Im-ap-I-∑m-sc

Iq-sS-°q-sS k-tΩ-fn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂Xpw s]-s´-∂v kz-]v-\-Øn-¬

\n-∂p-W¿-∂v t]-a-`m-P\-sØ Im-Wm-sX Zp:J-]-c-h-i-cm-bn I-gn-bp-

∂Xpw I-hn-bp-sS `m-h\m-ssh-`h-sØ ]-I-S-am-°p∂p. A-`n-em-j-Øn-

s‚ A-\p-`m-ham-b hn-P-\-ÿnXn, au-\w Xp-S-ßn-b-hsb hn-h-cn-°p-∂-

Xn-\nSbn-¬ Im-ap-Io-Im-ap-I-∑m-sc A-≠w sI´p-t]m-b Ip-°p-S-tØm-Sp-

]-an®-Xv F-X D-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂p! Np-cp-°-Øn-¬ hn-]ew`-Øn-s‚

A-\p-`m-h-ß-fm-bn K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ A-`n-emjw, hn-Nn-¥, A-\p-kv-arXn,

hn-em-]w ap-X-em-bh-sb G-‰hpw Np-cpßn-b h-cn-I-fn-¬ h-¿-Æn-°p-hm-≥

a-lm-I-hn-°p I-gn-™n-´p-≠v. H-cp cmXn Im-ap-Io-Im-ap-I-∑m-¿ c-l-ky-am-


95


bn k-tΩ-fn-®v kz-tZ-iw hn´p-t]m-Im-≥ ]-c-kv]-cw k-Ω-Xn®v k-a-bhpw

ÿ-ehpw \n-›-bn-®-ti-jw A-h-¿ ]n-cn-bp∂-Xp t\m-°p-I:

i-¿-Øn∏-Sn XΩn¬ ]-d-™pd®v

iu-J-°-S-¬ c≠pw ]-X-]X®v

kp-¿-B-¬ ap-Jw-ap-Øn aW-Øv ]mcw

kq-®n-Øn-cp-t]cpw ]n-cn-µ-t∂cw

H-∂n-®p \m-Sp-hn´p-t]m-Im-≥ Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øv X-Ωn-¬ ]n-cn-tb-≠-

k-a-b-sa-Øn-b-t∏m-ƒ iu-Jn-s‚ c-≠p-k-ap-Z-ß-ƒ ]-X-]X-®p F-∂

I-hn-k-a-¿∞-\w A-¿-l-amwh-Æw hym-Jym-\n-°-hm-≥ Cu Xq-en-I-bv-°p

sI-ev-]n-s√-∂v, a-lm-I-hn-bp-sS m-h-\-bv-°p A- n-hmZyw A-¿-∏n®p-sIm-≠v

C-hn-sS Xpd-∂p ]-d-bs´. hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬ tam-bn-≥-Ip-ń ssh-Zy-¿ X-s‚

Po-hn-X-Øn-¬ B-I-∏m-sS c-Nn-®n- p≈-Xv iu-J-°-S-¬ c≠pw ]-X-]X-®p

F-∂p-≈ Htc-sbm-cp-h-cn-bm-sW-¶n-¬ X-s∂ A-t±-l-Øn-\v I-hn-km-¿-

∆-ù-a]-Zw t\-Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm-≥ A-Xp-amXw a-Xn F-∂mWv Cu-bp-

≈h-s‚ _-eam-b A-`n-]mbw. c-≠masØ Cu-c-Snbpw ap-≥-Kman-tbm-Sv

k-a-io-¿-j-am-bnØ-s∂ h-¿-Øn-°p∂p. A-Xn-se ]m-cw F-∂ ]Z-sØ ]q-

¿-∆-]-Z-tØm-Sv A-\z-bn-°p-tºm-ƒ Nn-c-]-Xo-£n-Xam-b A- n-em-j-Øn-\p

e- n-® G-I-k-am-K-a-am-I-bmepw hn-P-\-ÿn-Xnbpw A-‘-Im-chpw Iq- p-\n-

∂-Xn-\mepw Xn-f-®p-]-X-® c-≠p-k-ap-Z-ß-ƒ°pw kw-im-¥n ssI-h-cp-∂-

Xph-sc ap-Øn-aW-Øp F-∂¿-∞w kn-≤n-°p∂p. A-tX-b-h-k-c-Øn-¬

A-h-cp-sS k-amK-aw cm-P-a-µn-c-Øn-se H-cp hn-`m-K-Øp-sh-®m-I-bmepw

]-cn-k-c-ß-fn-¬ ]-ecpw \n-Zm-[o-\-cmbpw \n-Zm-lo-\-cmbpw h-¿-Øn-°p-

∂-Xn-\mepw b-Zr—-bm h-√-hcpw I-t≠°ptam F-∂ `bw-sIm≠pw

hf-sc I-cp-X-temSpw kq-£va-X-tbmSpw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv X-Ωn-¬ ]n-cn-™-sX-

∂v ]-kvXp-X ]m-cw F-∂ ]Z-sØ D-Ø-c-]m-Z-tØm-S-\z-bn-°p-tºm-ƒ

kw-kn-≤-am-Ip∂p. CØ-cw A-¿-∞-ku-jvT-hw ap‰n-b h-cn-I-ƒ _-Zv-dp-¬

ap-\o-dn-¬ [m-cm-f-ap≠v.

D-ss_-kv cm-P-Ip-am-cnbpw tXm-gn-amcpw th-j-`q-j-I-f-gn-®p-sh-®v

k-c-n-en-d-ßn \o-¥n-°p-fn-®p I-tc-dn th-j-ß-f-Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\n-S°v D-

ss_-kn-s‚ a-Wn-l-¿-ay-Øn-s‚ ap-≥`m-K-Øp-\n-∂v H-cp kn-Øm-d-sb-Sp-

Øv _Zvdp¬ ap\o¿ ao-´p-I-bp-≠mbn. Ah-s‚ Km-\m-em-]-\-Øn-¬ B-

Ir-„-I-fm-bn B X-cp-Wo-a-Wn-I-ƒ F-Xn-sc t\m-°n-b-t∏m-ƒ _-Zv-dp-¬

ap-\o-dn-s\-bm-Wv I-≠Xv. Ah-s‚ A-\n-X-c km-[m-c-Wam-b ku-µ-cym-


96


Xn-i-b-Øn-¬ a-Ø-cm-bn Aw-K-\-am-¿ ap-gp-h\pw A-l-a-l-anI-bm a-Wn-

a-µn-c-Øn-te-°v Ip-Xn-®p I-b-dp-tºmg-sØ A-h-cp-sS hn-`-am-h-kvY-sb

I-hn h-¿-Æn-°p∂-Xv F-X `w-Kn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v t\m-°pI.

Ip-Xn-Øp_-µv D-ss_-sk-t∂mfpw

Ip-Zp-Ip-e-am-bv J-kvtddp-tºmƒ

ap-Zn¿-Øv th-Kw C-\n-°n-\n°v

ap-Iw ap-∂n-´v \-f-¿-°m-sa∂pw

a-Zn-Øv Jp-∫m ap-I-fn-tedn

a-dn-tµ A-J-¬ a-Z-Øn-\m-epw

\n-Zw A-Xn-im ]p-Xp-am dmho

\n-fm-ap-±o-≥ ssi-Jp-c-Øn-S-embv

D-c-∏X-tµ kn-dn-I-fnse

D-Sp-∏n-√m-sX J-ao-kn-t´m-cpw

H-cp Im-ep-Ω-¬ X-f-bn-t´mcpw

H-cp an-in-bn-¬ a-in-bn-t´mcpw

X-cn-h-f Im-¬-°-Wn-µ-hcpw

X-f-X-≠m-I-ƒ I-in-°n-t´mcpw

]-cn-in-¬ Rm-Øn Ipf-Øn Im-Xn-¬

]-©n \m-kn-¬ A-Wn-µ-hcpw

AW-bv J-ao-kv a-dn-Øn-t´mcpw

Ad-ta J-ao-kv A-Wnbm-tZmcpw

C-W Xp-Scpw A-c-™m-ƒ X≠pw

F-Zn¿-Øv I-ip-Ø-I-an-t´mcpw

Xp-Wn N-´bpw A-Wn-sµ-t∂m¿Øv

skm-c-Wm-_c-Ww ]q-≠-h-cpw.....

am-∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fp-sS `mjm-ssi-en Xn-I®pw ]-I-S-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv

Xm-sg tN-¿-°p-∂ h-cnI-ƒ. P-ao-e-sØ-∂ X-cp-Wo-c-Xv-\-hp-am-bn _-Zv-dp-¬

ap-\o-¿ ]n-cn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv cwKw.


97


ap-µo P-ao-e-Ø-SpØmtcm tamIw

ap-∂n-´p ]q-ń A-ssWØmtcm

N-µn-c-hm-¿-ap-I-samØmtcm kcw

H∏-cw ap-Øn-a-WØmtcm

C-µn-c-°-∂n A-fpZmtcm C-∂n

h-µoSptam \m-sf apØmtcm

Nn-µn°-≠m F-s‚ N∂mtcm Nn-µ

Io-dn-°-cb-≠m ImÆmtcm

\m-sf C-t∂c-Øv X∂mtcm \m-\pw-

F-ØoSpw C-Øm-\w ]p∂mtcm

hmfpw a-e-¿I-sf h≠mtcm hm°v

sX‰ptam hm-cm-sX sb≠mtcm

lq-dp-¬-Cu-\p-I-fp-sS em-h-Wym-Xn-tc-I-tØbpw th-j-`q-jm-Zn-I-

sfbpw h-¿-Æn-°p-∂ a-[p-c-tam-l-\am-b Km-\-Øn-¬ \n-∂v Ip-d-®p-h-cn-

I-ƒ Nph-sS tN-¿-°p-∂p.

Xn-´m-¬ ]-®-Np-I-∏p-I-fn-¬ J-k-˛

_n-t´ ]-s´-gp]-Øv a-S-°pSp˛

Øn-´-Xm-bv ]p-Z-Øn-ó-Sq¬ sXmen

]-ºp-]-en-ºp-sa-en-ºv \-\w-]pdw

Im-Wp-a-∏-Sn-tb˛Np-S¿˛tXm∂pw k-¿-∏p-cn-bm-ƒ.

]-´m-e-¶-ƒ Nn-e-sºm-Sp In-¶nWn

sXm-´m-cw X-cn-X-≠-Ifpw Ip\n˛

∏o-S-sa-©n-ew ]mS-Iw sNdp

s]m-≥-I-S-I-¶fpw N-¶-e-I¶Ww

Hm-sc am-Xn-cn-bm-¬˛Np-S˛cm-c-tam-Xn-cta.

X-´m-I-ƒ Xp-S-¿ X-≠-c-™m-WpI-ƒ

sam-´mSpw s]m-≥-]-X-°-ap-dp-°pI-ƒ

Xm-enbpw Np-d-am-ebpw \kv˛

em-Jv _p-em-Jv _-dm-J-ivdm-sJmfn

tXm-S Im-Xn-ebpw ˛ap-Sn˛Nq-Sn ]q-cWta


98


sIm-´m-≥ I-øv Ip-\n-°n-¬ ap-f-s¶men

a-´m≠-©v i-Xw _-in s]m-ßpta

sIm-©epw I-hn ]p-©epw Ifn

h-´-a-øn-´ I-¨-sh-ń Np-i-‰-en-¬

A-∂-t]m-¬ \-S-bm-bv˛]-S˛X-∂n-te A-W-hm-bv...

c-‡-km-£nI-sf B-iz-kn-∏n-°p-hm-≥ c-Wm-¶-W-Øn-te-°v C-d-

ßn-h-cp-∂ kz-¿-t√m-I-kp-µ-cn-am-cp-sS I-¶-W-Izm-Whpw a-Rv-Po-c-in-RvPn-

X-hpa-t√ ]-kv-Xp-X-Km-\-Øn-¬ am-s‰men-sIm-≈p∂-Xv F-∂v Nn-¥n®p-

t\m-°p-I. _-Z-¿-bp-≤-Øn-¬ hn-P-b-io-em-fn-X-\m-bn Xn-cn-s®-gp-∂-≈p-∂

d-kq-¬ Xn-cp-ta-\n(k)sb a-Zo-\-bn-se ]u-cmh-en kzo-I-cn-°p∂-Xp

t\m°p-I

a-Xn-\n-d-hm-sb a-Xn-s°¶pw a-Xn-a-Xn-bm-sb a-Zo-\-Øn-¬

a-Xn-a-ss\-tb-in a-Zn-∏n-tØ a-Xn Z-J-emtb

a-Xn-a-Z-\-Øm-¬ aZo-t\m-sc a-Xn-a-Z-am-se a-Xn-sb¥mw

a-Xn-I-l-\-Øn-¬ a-Xnh-tµ a-Xn-a-k-etb

a-[p-\n-d-I-Rv-P-∏-Ip-´-e-¿ a-[p-a-[pX-s‚ a[ps]m¶n

a-[pD-]-hm-kn-Ø-Sp°pw a-∑-Y-aXp-t]mse

a-Z-\n-b-scm-°m a-[p-c-Øm-¬ a-Zn-a-Zn-sØ-Øo a-lv-aqZ-¿

a-[p-a-e-¿-]m-Zw ]-Wn-t¥-‰n-∏p-I-gp-h-Xmtb

tem-I-an-se¶pw sX-fn-IØpw tem-Z-\-am-sb \-_nXsΩ

tem-N-\-am-¬ I-≠n-Sp-hm\pw tN-Xn-I-ƒ tI-ƒ-∏m-≥

tem-I-c-tX-‰w AssW kn‘p-tem-esa-t]m-se X-f-®p-≈n-¬

tem`-sa hn-´p kp-dq-dm-¬ Cu-am-\-Xp-d-∏m-sb....

Cß-s\ km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw kw-Ko-X-Øn-s‚bpw F-√m h-i-ß-fnepw

I-em-aq-ey-Øn-I-hp-‰ Im-hy-c-Xv-\-ßƒ ssI-c-fn-bv-°v Im-gv-N-sh-® I-hn-

km-¿-∆-ùa-s\ A-dnbmt\m B-Z-cn°mt\m \mw th-≠pwh-Æw ]-cn-i-

an-°mØ-Xv I-Sp-Ø Ir-Xyhn-tem-]-sa-t∂ ]-d-bmhq. Ip-d®p-sIm-√-ß-

ƒ-°p-ap-ºv a-lm-I-hn-bp-sS P-∑-Kr-lhpw a-Jv-_-dbpw k-µ-¿-in-°m-≥

th-≠n sIm-t≠m-ń-bn-¬ sN-∂-t∏m-ƒ I-≠ Imgv-N F-s∂ h-√m-sX

Zp:Jn-∏n®p. B ho-Sv X-I-¿∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p∂p. a-Jv-_-d Np-≈n-°m-Sp-I-ƒ

\nd-™p hn-kv-ar-Xn-bn-te-°p \o-ßp-I-bm-Wv. Cu Zp-ÿn-Xn-°v H-cp-am-‰w


99


h-cp-tØ-≠ I-S-a k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\p Xo-¿-®-bm-bpap-≠v. A-Xp \mw \n-¿-∆-

ln-°m-Ø]-£w `m-hn X-eap-d \-sΩ i-]n-°m-Xn-cn-°n-√. am-∏n-f-k-ap-

Zm-b-Øn-¬ ta-en-¬ a-lm-I-hn-I-fp-≠m-sb∂pw h-cmw; C-s√∂pw h-cmw.

]s£, tam-bn-≥-Ip-ń ssh-Zy-cm-¬ k-am-ew-Ir-Xamb B D-∂-Xmk-\w

F∂pw H-gn-™p In-S-°pI-X-s∂ sNøpw.

$$


100



101


Dss_Zns‚ IrXnIƒaebmfØn¬

1. \hcXv\ amenI ............................................. IhnX

2. _mjv][mc ............................................. IhnX

3. kapZmb Zpµp`n ........................................... IhnX

4. c≠p¬t_m[\ßƒ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IhnX

5. Nµ°e .......................................................... IhnX

6. Km\hoNn .......................................................... IhnX

7. Xncpap¬°mgvN ............................................. IhnX

8. lkXv amenIv Zo\m¿ ....................................... PohNcnXw

9. Jmkn a¿lqw A–p√lmPn ............................ PohNcnXw

10. aplΩZv sidq¬ kmln_v. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . PohNcnXw

11. aÆnte°p aSßn ..................................... hnh¿Ø\w

12. \ΩpsS \ZnIƒ ......................................... hnh¿Ø\w

13. sXcs™SpØ IYIƒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hnh¿Ø\w

14. ]cmXnbpw adp]Snbpw .................... hnh¿Ø\w

I∂UØn¬

15. h≈tØmƒ IhnsXKfp ........................ hnh¿Ø\w

16. apkvensa\ samsdKfp .................... hnh¿Ø\w

17. ]XnX ]pjv] ......................................... hnh¿Ø\w

18. Jmkn a¿lqw A–p√lmPn ................ PohNcnXw

]kn≤oIcn°mØh

19. am∏nfkmlnXyw ............................. kmlnXyNcnXw

20. am∏nf∏m´phrØßƒ ...................... Oµ»mkvXw

21. tIcftIkcn ........................................ PohNcnXw

22. ap¥ncn∏gßƒ ........................... _mekmlnXyw

23. tdUntbm ]kwKßƒ.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]_‘ßƒ

24. apkvX^mIo¿Ø\w ............................................ IhnX

25. sXcs™SpØ IhnXIƒ .............................................. IhnX

26. IYmIhnXIƒ ............................................................IhnX

27. \_nNcnXw (c≠p`mKßƒ) ............................................. am∏nf∏m v

28. IenImew .................................................................................... am∏nf∏m v

29. h^mØv ame ........................................................................... am∏nf∏m v


102



103


t\Xr-kvarXn

1. k¿ kønZv AlvaZv Jm≥ 100

Fw.sF.Xßƒ

2 tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_v 40

sI.-]n.-Ip-™n-Ωqk

3 _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_v 70

sI.-]n.-Ip-™n-Ωqk

4. kønZv A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ _m^Jn Xßƒ 170

Fw.-kn.-h-S-Ic

5. auem\m A_p_mlv AlvaZv Aen 60

s]m^. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

6. H.-B-_p 75

C_mlnw t_hn©, kn.-Sn.-_-jo¿

7. h°w A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ 60

F.-sI.-A-_vZp¬ aPoZv 8. ]n.-F.-skbvXp apl-Ω-Zv 75

Pam¬ sIm®-ßmSn

9. sI.-sI.-A_pkmln_v 80

Sn.-]n.-Fw.-_-jo¿

Grace educational AssociationCamp Sayyid, P.B.No.3, Malappuram (Dt). 676317

Mob: 9895114673, 9633902944


104



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