Grade 12 Exercise Science The Skeletal System

Terms Anatomy

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Physiology ___________________________________________________________

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Nervous system ___________________________________________________________

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Circulatory system ___________________________________________________________

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Human skeleton ___________________________________________________________

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The Human Skeleton The human skeleton is

made up of _______ bones Start with over ___ at birth

but they fuse together over time

Longest is the femur and smallest is the stirrup bone found inside the ear

Males and Females have slight differences _________________________

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The Skeletal System Properties of the Skeletal

System Extremely hard and durable Bones are composed primarily

of calcium Calcium levels vary in

people Low levels of calcium mean

the bones can become increasingly brittle and breakable

Bones are able to repair themselves Casts, splints, pins and

other aids are often required for correct healing process

Functions of the Skeletal System

Structural Support

Protection

Growth centre for cells

Reservoir of minerals

Movement

About Bone …

Composed of 50% water and 50% organic and inorganic material

Elements include: phosphorous, zinc, calcium, magnesium, fluorine, iron, chlorine

Resists compression and tension

Bound by joints (through ligaments)

Muscles attach to bone (through tendons) to produce movement

5 Types of BonesBones are classified according to their shape

Long Bones___________________________________________________The femur is the best example of a long bone

Short Bones___________________________________________________Carpal bones are a good example

Flat Bones___________________________________________________

Irregular Bones___________________________________________________

Sesamoid bones Unusual bones in that they are small, flat bones wrapped

within tendons that move over boney surfaces. Example patella

Types of Bones

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Long Bone Anatomyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4vXr9IuPVc

Cartilage_______________________________________________

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Cancellous bone (spongy bone)______________________________________________________

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Compact bone______________________________________________________

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Long Bone Anatomyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4vXr9IuPVc

Medullary cavity______________________________________________________________

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Periosteum ______________________________________________________________

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Epiphysis ______________________________________________________________

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Diaphysis ______________________________________________________________

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Structure of The Skeleton Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

Structure of The Skeleton Axial Skeleton

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Appendicular Skeleton _______________________ _________________________

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Tendons and Ligaments Tendons – __________________________________

Ligament – _________________________________

Types of Fractures Stress fracture – ________________________________

Simple fracture – __________________________________________

Compound fracture – _________________________________________

Comminuted fracture – _______________________________________

Simple fracture

Compound fracture

Comminuted fracture

Epiphyseal Plates and Lines

Epiphyseal plates (growth plates) ________________________________

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Epiphyseal lines ________________________________

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©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal line

Habits and Behaviours That Help Maintain and Strengthen our Skeletal System

Average person: ???

To prevent Osteoporosis: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bone Formation and Bone Remodeling

Bone FormationCompact bone:

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Cancellous bone: (e.g. skull)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Bone Formation and Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling___________________________________________________

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Most active during early yearsDeclines after mid 30 at at rate of 5-10% every 10

years