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ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
GRADUATION PROJECT
June, 2021
HORIZANTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Thesis Advisor: Res. Assis. Cemil KURTCEBE
Murtaza Yıldırım
110140127
Department of Astronautical Engineering
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Thesis Advisor : Res. Assis. Cemil KURTCEBE ..............................
İstanbul Technical University
Jury Members : Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME .............................
Yıldız Technical University
Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME .............................. Boğaziçi University
Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME ..............................
Gebze Institute of High Technology
(If exists) Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME ..............................
Şişli Etfal Teaching Hospital (If exists) Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME ..............................
Bilkent University
Murtaza Yıldırım, student of ITU Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronauticsstudent
ID 110140127, successfully defended the graduation entitled “HORIZANTAL
AXIS WIND TURBINE AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS”, which he/she prepared
after fulfilling the requirements specified in the associated legislations, before the
jury whose signatures are below.
Date of Submission : 14 June 2021
Date of Defense : 26 June 2021
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To my family,
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FOREWORD
For the foreword, 1 line spacing must be set. The foreword, written as a first page of
the thesis must not exceed 2 pages.
The acknowledgements must be given in this section.
After the foreword text, name of the author (right-aligned), and the date (as month and
year) must be written (left-aligned). These two expressions must be in the same
line.The foreword is written with 1 line spacing.
June 2021
Murtaza Yıldırım
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... vi
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ viii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................ ix
SUMMARY ............................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................12
1.1 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE THESIS ............... Hata! Yer işareti
tanımlanmamış. 1.2 Ansys.................................................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
2.1 Horizontal axis wind turbines............. Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. 2.2 Vertical axis wind turbines ................. Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
3. BLADE GEOMETRY ................................ Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
3.1 Airfoil................................................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. 3.2 Pitch angle ........................................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. 3.3 Twist angle .......................................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
4. DESIGN and MODELLING ..................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. 5. CFD ANALSYS ........................................... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................17
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................25
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ABBREVIATIONS
CL : Lift coeffient
CD : Drag coefficient
App : Appendix
BP : Backpropagation
CGI : Common Gateway Interface
ESS : Error sum-of-squares
GARCH : Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity
GIS : Geographic Information Systems
HCA : HierarchicalCluster Analysis
Mbps : Megabits per second
St : Station
SWAT : Soil and Water Assessment Tool
UMN : University of Minnesota
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1.1 :Table with single row and centered columns ...............................................2
Table 2.1 : Table captions must be ended with a full stop. ...........................................4
Table3.1 : Multi-line captions: all lines belonging to the same caption must be
aligned. .........................................................................................................11
Table 4.1:Example table ................................................................................................14
Table 5.1 :Example table in chapter 5 ..........................................................................16
Table 6.1 :Example table in chapter 6 ..........................................................................18
Table A.1:Example table in appendix ...........................................................................25
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1.1 : Model structures.................................Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
Figure 2.1 :Advanced structures................................................................................... 14
Figure 3.1 : Neuron cell, adapted from Zadeh(1965). ...................... Hata! Yer işareti
tanımlanmamış. Figure 3.2 : For multi-line figure captions, it is important that all the lines of the
caption must be aligned. ....................Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. Figure 3.3 : Figure captions must be ended with a full stop............. Hata! Yer işareti
tanımlanmamış. Figure 3.4 : Landscape-oriented, full-page figure. ............................ Hata! Yer işareti
tanımlanmamış. Hata! Başvuru kaynağı bulunamadı.Hata! Başvuru kaynağı bulunamadı. . Hata!
Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
Hata! Başvuru kaynağı bulunamadı.Hata! Başvuru kaynağı bulunamadı. . Hata!
Yer işareti tanımlanmamış.
Hata! Başvuru kaynağı bulunamadı.Hata! Başvuru kaynağı bulunamadı. . Hata!
Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. Figure A.1 :Regional maps: (a)Rain. (b)Flow. (c)Evapotranspiration … ....Hata! Yer
işareti tanımlanmamış.
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THESIS TITLE IN ENGLISH HERE
SUMMARY
There are several types wind turbines designed in many different geometries and
sizes. Various modeling programs are used while designing these wind turbines and
making improvements on them. Thanks to the data obtained from the analyzes, it is
possible to design more advanced wind turbines with the development of material
technology and the use of new techniques. CFD analysis has an important role in
modeling the wind turbine and testing it after modeling. In this study, a 3-blade wind
turbine was created using the Autodesk Fusion 360 with using the NCEL s809 airfoil
and its geometry data. This wind turbine was dynamically tested via the Ansysy
program. Finally, the results are reported.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Energy exists in many different forms like thermal, kinetic, potential, electrical, chemical …
etc. According to first law of thermodynamics energy cannot produced from nothing neither
vanished neverthelss, it can be transformed form to another.. A form of energy cannot be
appropriate to usage so unuseable energy form needed to be transferred into a another useful
one. In order to convert the energy from one form to another, some tools should be used. All
moving object has a kinetic energy coming from its motion. Air in the atmosphere has a
motion , so it has a kinetic energy that occurs wind which is very important for natural
pheonomenons such as fertilization of trees and rains. On the other hand, considering industrial
and urban needs , the kinetic energy of the wind can be more useful when it can be converted
into electrical energy. Electrical energy can be obtained from wind by using wind turbines. The
main mission of the wind turbines is to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical
energy via blades and after into electrical energy by using generator in the wind turbine.
Electricity has a crucial place in daily life .Thus, wind turbines have been improving every
passing day. Wind turbine analsys helps to accelerate this progress
1.1 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE THESIS
The main purpose of wind turbines is to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical
energy. In order for the wind turbine to do this in the most efficient way, it must be designed
aerodynamically very carefully. In this thesis, the analysis of a wind turbine designed in the
Fusion 360 environment from the s809 NCEL airfoil. Then that wind turbine will be investigate
using Ansys Fluent as shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 : Ansys project schematic
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1.2 ANSYS
Ansys is a engineering application that can models many environments such as scientific
experiments. Ansysy is a program that creates simulations and analyzes them. Ansys and
similar programs meet the requirements for the design of a product even before a test prototype
is produced or the product to be designed because, it can realistically determine before
production begins. It will reduce costs both in tests and in mass production and in order to
make a quality design, than what can be done manually in the analysis will give better results.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
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Figure 2.1 : Various horizontal-axis wind turbines
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2.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
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voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
Figure 2.1 : Advanced structures.
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invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et
justo duo dolores et ea rebum. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. At vero
eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
3. Blade Geometry
3.1 Airfoil
Airfoil is determines the aerodynamic charactertics of the blade. Airfoil and its parameters that
are CL and CD affect efficiency of wind turbine directly.
Figure 3.1 : NREL’s S809 airfoil
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Figure 3.1 : CL&CD slopes of NREL S809 airfoil
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invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et
justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gub rgren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut lab ore
sit et dolore magna.
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invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et
justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gub rgren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut lab ore
sit et dolore magna.
3.2 Pitch Angle
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3.3 Twist angle
Twist angle can be defined as the angle between aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Figure 3.3.1 : Aerodynamic force coefficient conventions[nerel]
4. DESIGN AND MODELING
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Figure 4.1 : Blade planform dimensions
Figure 4.1 :
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Figure 4.1 :
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5. CFD
Vc
Figure: 5.1 Mesh distrubution of CFD model
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Aa
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Figure
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6. CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
Abrahart, R. J., and See, L. (1998). Neural Network vs. ARMA Modelling: Constructing
Benchmark Case Studies of River Flow Prediction. In GeoComputation ’98.
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on GeoComputation,
University of Bristol, United Kingdom, 17–19 September (CD-ROM).
