Rafa Grigsby

1. Nationalities 2. Stem-Changing Verbs 3. para 4. Indirect Object Pronouns 5. Pronoun Placement 6. Gustar 7. Affirmative and Negative Words 8. Superlatives 9. Reflexives 10. Affirmative “tu” commands, irregulars, and pronoun

placement 11. Negative “tu” commands, irregulars, and pronoun

placement 12. Sequencing Events

o-ue (yo-encontrar=encuentro) e-ie (ella-pensar=piensa) e-i (ustedes-pedir=piden) u-ue (tu-jugar=juegas)

Means “for” or “in order to” to indicate

The recipient of items- El regalo para tu mama.

Purpose- vamos al restarante para comer.

Implied Purpose- Tengo dinero para (comprar) algo.

Me (me) Nos (us) Te (you familiar) Os (you

familiar) Le (you formal, him, her Les (you,

them)

4 different ways 1. attach the pronoun to the infinitive

(comprarlo – to buy it) 2. attach the pronoun to a progressive

tense 3. attach the pronoun to an affirmative

command 4. place the pronoun before a conjugated

verb (me gusta – I like)

Me/te/le gusta Nos/os/les gustan A noun is always the thing being “gusta-

ed” so the point of view is almost always third person

Me gusta correr. (I like to run) Le gustan los enchiladas. (He/She likes

enchiladas) Me gustas tu. (I like you) is an exception

to 3rd person. Gustar literally means “to pleasure”

Affirmative Words Negative Words

Algo (something) nada (nothing)Alguien (someone) nadie (no one)Algun/Alguno (some) ningun/ninguno (none)Siempre (always) nunca (never)Tambien (also) tampoco (neither,

either)

Alguno(a) and Ninguno(a) must match the gender of the noun they replace/modify

Drop the final vowel and add the ending –isimo(a)

La idea de Rosa es interesantisima.Rosa’s idea is very (extremely) interesting.

When the last consonant is c, g, or z, spelling changes

Rico- riquisimo largo- larguisimo feliz- felicisimo

Used when the subject also receives the action

The reflexive pronoun must agree with the verb (me lavo, not te lavo or me lavas)

Se lava la cabeza (he washes his hair)

Me NosTe OsSe Se

Put into 3rd person point of view (or put into “tu” form and drop the “s”)

This is used to give instructions or commands

Comer=come correr=correHablar=habla caminar=camina

Irregular Affirmative “Tu” CommandsDecir-di Hacer-hazIr-ve Poner-pon

Salir-sal Ser-se Tener-ten Venir-ven

1. put into “yo” form 2. change vowel (ar-e er/ir-a) 3. Add “s”

Hablar 1. Hablo 2. Hable 3. No hables Volver 1. Vuelvo 2. Vuelva 3. No

vuelvas

No hables (don’t talk)

Primero (first) entonces (next/then) luego/despues (later/after) por fin (finally)Antes de (before) despues de (after)

Por la manana/tarde/noche (in/during the morning/afternoon/night etc.)

Los lunes, los martes, etc… (on Mondays, on Tuesdays, etc…)