Grammar Warm-ups

Noun

• Person, place, thing or idea• Example: Tom, New York, book, freedom

Practice: Underline the nouns1. Penny took her mom to Six Flags.2. Love is the most important thing of all.3. My dad has the coolest car ever.

Pronouns

• Take the place of Nouns• Example: She, he, it, they, ect.

• Practice: Underline the pronouns in each sentence.1. My mother says she loves shoes.2. I don’t feel well. My stomach hurts, it feels like

someone has stepped on it.

Proper Noun

• The SPECIFIC name of a person, place, or thing. It can be acted upon and is capitalized. A proper noun may be a single word, a group of words (with or without abbreviations), or a hyphenated word.

Examples: – Josh was honored person – at U.S. Memorial Auditorium place – with the Smith-Lee Award. thing

Review

• Underline the nouns, and squiggly underline the pronouns.1. Freedom is the only thing on earth worth

fighting for. I would gladly die for it.2. Nothing is for sure except death and taxes.3. What time is your flight to Arizona.4. Did you vote for Obama for president? He was

my first choice.

Adjectives

• Words that describe nouns.• Example: Brown bear, bright light,

never-ending story, cruise ship, Victorian mansion, three bears.

Adjectives• Practice: Underline the Nouns/pronouns,

circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives1. My house is large and beautiful.2. The small, brown-eyed girl looked straight up at

me.3. The whirling wind turned and roared at the

fragile plants below.4. A large group of people showed up to my

birthday party.

Practice• Underline the Nouns and pronouns, and place

a box around the adjectives.

1. The young child was quickly taken from her parents.

2. The hot crispy fries made my mouth water.3. The girl was beautiful, always dressed in

elegant gowns.4. My little sister always wears her pink barrette.

Verbs• Two Kinds– Action• Run, walk, think, sit, ect.

– Linking: connecting words• Is, are, was, were, be, being, has been

• Practice: circle the verbs, label them AV or LV1. My mother is very picky when she eats out.2. My father was being watched by spies.3. We are going to walk up to the creek after

school.

Vocabulary practice• Fill in the blanks using the appropriate

vocabulary words1. I believe college is ___________ for my

future because I want to make a _________ amount of money.

2. I think it is important to be _________ and listen to both sides of the story before making any judgments.

3. Don’t just tell me something is true without __________(ing) it with evidence.

Vocabulary practice:4. I learn better if I can work on it physically, if it is something ____________.5. My car is __________ with old recycling that needs to be taken out.6. I want to be a good person with lots of _____.7. Don’t _________ that I am lazy just because

my room is a mess.8. I wish this class was less ______________.

Review• Practice: Underline the Nouns and pronouns.

Place a box around the adjectives. Circle the verbs, and label them LV or AV.

– Ex: I hate running laps, but the coach insists that it will make me a better player.

1. It is hard to keep my notes neat.2. I will be here tomorrow after school.3. Lucy and Rachel are going to sing at the spring concert.4. It is important to honor the many soldiers that fought

for our independence.5. My brother is annoying; he always picks on me.

Review• Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the

verbs, and place a box around the adjectives.1. As the night went on, I stood staring up at the

brilliant sky.2. It was chilly out, and my foggy breath felt warm

against my freezing hands.3. They shook terribly, but I did not care.4. No amount of cold could drive me away from the

shimmering stars in the night sky.

Take out two pieces of paper1st sheet

• Label it in MLA format• Title it vocabulary and

grammar test #1• Number it 1-21

2nd sheet• Label in MLA format• Title it : Camp 14 assignment• Makes sure every paragraph has

a topic and concluding sentence….– In North Korea there is an

inhuman prison camp known as Camp 14. In this camp…..

– Thus camp 14 is one of the most inhumane, and heartless places on earth.

Review

• Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives.1. I never felt safe in that all-too-quiet house.2. I wanted to go to the public library for their

drama celebration.3. My hard-headed father should have listened

when I told him that the ladder was too weak to support his weight.

ReviewNouns adjectives Verbs sentence

1. Girls, books Smart, heavy carried The smart girls carried their heavy books.

2.

3.

Adverbs• Three types:

1. They describe Verbsa) The man danced beautifully.b) The sky darkened quickly..c) She sang loudly

2. They describe adjectivesa) Light green eyesb) Very large penguin

3. They describe when-yesterday, tomorrow, now, later, ect.

Adverbs• Place a triangle around the adverbs.

1. The winner ran triumphantly around the stage.2. He was more handsome than last year.3. I want to see the beautifully lit gardens

tomorrow.4. She was too short for the ride.5. He quietly sat, hoping that the night would

quickly end.

Review• Underline the nouns, Circle the verbs, place a

square around the adjectives, and place a triangle around the adverbs.

1. The mother nervously wondered how she would pay her bills later that month.

2. The meal had hardly started before the lady had had too much of their company.

3. The girl’s pale white cheeks turned a deep red.

Review• Underline nouns, circle verbs, box adjectives,

and triangle adverbs1. The storm angrily blew all night.2. The two girls were very quiet indeed.3. My lungs ached and burned, but I stubbornly

refused to quit the mile run.4. The frightened rabbit desperately struggled

against the dogs vicious teeth, but to no avail.

Parts of speech• A word can be an N, V, Adj, and an Adv.• They change when word endings change

(suffixes) or when how we use them in the sentence changes.

• Examples: Love1. I love you. (V)2. There is no greater gift than love. (N)3. He is so lovable. (Adj)4. Isn’t it lovely outside? (Adv)

Practice:• Label what part of speech the underlined word

is in each sentence.1. My brother is so helpful.2. Can you help me with this problem?3. She is running for secretary.4. That runner is sure fast.5. She spoke softly in class.6. The rain felt soft against her skin.7. She looked adoringly at her husband.8. Aren’t these puppies adorable?

Preposition• a word that shows some relationship or

position between a noun and its object.• The preposition asks “What?” and the object

provides the answer.– Examples: The politician voted against the law.

against what? …the law– through the secret ballot.

through what? …the secret ballot

Preposition examples:

To, of, in, on, over, above, below, beneath, through, next to, before, after, inside, between…ect.

Your Turn

Circle the prepositions in each of the following sentences:

1. The girl wrote to her father.2. After the ceremony is over, I plan on taking

the subway through Manhattan. 3. Leslie is always in the front of the line.

Work on WS Conjunction

• A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses together

• Example: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Complete Sentence

A complete sentence is made up of 3 things:1.The subject (Noun(s) doing the action)2.The predicate (Main verb(s)/action)3.A complete thought

Example:The three boys ran to the school bus. Subject Predicate

Explain if the sentence is missing the subject, predicate, or complete thought.

Write complete if it’s good.1. The old decaying house.2. Ran further than anyone could have possibly

imagined.3. After Susan was finished with her homework.4. Praying and weeping their case.5. My poor old dog died last week.6. Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds.7. During my Dad’s practice band session.

Review:• Label the subject and predicate in each

sentence. If it is missing a subject or predicate, rewrite the sentence so it is correct.

1. The tree grew out of the cemetery plot.2. The over-sized angry Rottweiler.3. The music was played by the musicians.4. Created the most beautiful picture I have

ever seen.5. Susan played tackle football last night.

Review• Label the subject and predicate… correct the

sentence if anything is missing.1. Over the steep embankment.2. My mother said there’d be days like this.3. Sprinting and frolicking through the trees.4. The house around the corner was built by

Lowes.5. The rich old misery mad with grey whiskers.

Simple Sentences

• A simple sentence has one independent clause (Contains only one subject, one predicate and one complete thought).

Example- Mary washed the dishes.-The dogs and cats

played outside.-The car whirled and

spun out of control.

Types of sentences• A declarative sentence makes a statement and

has a period as ending punctuation.– Example: Joanna went shopping at the mall.

• An interrogative sentence asks a question and has a question mark as ending punctuation.– Example: Would you mind cooking your own

dinner tonight?

Types of sentences continued

• An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request and has a period as ending punctuation. – Examples: Don’t tell me what to do. Command– Mother, sing a song for us. Request

• An exclamatory sentence expresses surprise or strong emotions and has an exclamation point as ending punctuation.– Example: I can’t believe you said that!

Compound sentences

• A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses (complete sentences), joined together by a comma and a conjunction.

– Example: Ken asked his teacher for his homework, but he didn’t follow her advice.

Complex Sentences• Definition: A complex sentence has an independent

clause and at least one dependent clause. • An independent clause means that there is a subject

and a predicate that expresses a complete thought. (Can stand by itself as a complete sentence)

• A dependent (subordinate) clause means that there is a subject and a verb that does not express a complete thought. (Can’t stand alone as a complete sentence)– Example: Ty completed all his chores (independent clause)

+ after eating his lunch (dependant clause)

Compound-complex sentence

• Definition: A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause

– Example: After eating his lunch (dependent clause) + Ty completed all his chores (independent clause) + and he read the newspaper (independent clause) = After eating his lunch, Ty completed all his chores and he read the newspaper.

Sentence fragments

• A sentence fragment is only part of a complete sentence. It does not express a complete thought.

Run-On Sentences

• A sentence run-on has two or more independent clauses connected together as if they were one sentence.

Pronoun-Base Form Verb Agreement

• It is important that you use the correct verb forms when writing. The verb forms will depend on the nouns or pronouns used in the sentence. – Examples: – I smile often. First person singular– She smiles often. Third person singular (adds s)– She should smile more often. After “do” and modals– To smile often is preferred. Infinitive

Present Participle

• The present participle adds a “to be” verb is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been + __ing.

• The present participle takes the present progressive form to show continuous action.

• Example: is + __ing is hiking Matt is hiking the Appalachian Trail.

Active Voice

1. Start with Subject2. Then Predicate3. No linking Verbs (is, are, have, has, be, been,

were, am)

Passive: The ball was thrown by Jim.Active: Jim Threw the ball.

Change these sentences to active ones

1. The experiment was conducted by the scientist.

2. The mountain was sat on by the lake.3. The lake was fished on by the men.4. The girl’s dress was glistening beautifully.5. The books were sitting on the edge.

Active Voice1. Starts with Subject2. Then Predicate3. No linking verbs (is, are, am, be, being, have,

has, were, was)Practice:

1. The girls were asked to leave by the principal.2. The house was constructed by my father’s

company.3. The light is shining brightly.4. He has acted foolishly tonight.

Active Voice• Subject then predicate, no linking verbs• If the subject is missing, you must add one

• Example:Incorrect: The music was beautifully played.– No subject… it never says WHO played itCorrect: The band played the music beautifully.

Change sentences into active voice: add subjects if necessary

1. The girl was invited to the party by Stacy.2. The board game was played.3. The room was looking dull and shabby.4. The car was driven too fast.5. The lights were turned off by Tim.

Change the sentences from passive to active

1. Anita was driven to the theatre.2. The letter was mailed by Marylyn.3. A suspect was questioned for 16 hours by the

police.4. The boat was thrown and tossed.5. The maid’s ghost was haunting the area.

Notes:

• Fix conjunctions on ws and PowerPoint• Combine both predicates and subjects into

one or two worksheets and create PowerPoint that coincides

• Add to complex sentences PowerPoint and worksheet

• Skip pg 42 nominal case (pronouns)• Take out modifiers and create my own