GRAND REVIEW – HONORS HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Based on NAEP STANDARD 1: SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE 1. Explain the difference between ABSOLUTE (Mathematical) and RELATIVE LOCATION: __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 2. Explain SITE: _______________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 3. Provide THREE examples of how places are named (TOPONYM): ________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 4. A map of the WORLD is a ____________________- scale map. A map of a neighborhood is a _________-scale map. (Word choice: LARGE or SMALL) This map is for questions 5-7 5. Which letter indicates Antarctica? _________ 6. Label NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, ASIA, and AUSTRALIA on the map above 7. The letter E is at approximately which location? A. 30°N and 30°W B. 60°N and 15°E C. 60°S and 30°E D. 15°S and 15°W 8. Different scales were used to draw the maps above. Which map shows the largest area? E. Map 1 F. Map 2 G. Map 3 H. Map 4 2. Explain WHY: _______________________________ 9. The number 1 on the map shows A. Hudson Bay B. the Great Salt Lake C. Lake Superior D. the Gulf of California 10. The number 2 on the map is on the A. Colorado River B. Columbia River C. Mississippi River D. Delaware River
Transcript
GRAND REVIEW – HONORS HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Based on NAEP
STANDARD 1: SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE 1. Explain the difference between ABSOLUTE
(Mathematical) and RELATIVE LOCATION: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Provide THREE examples of how places are named (TOPONYM): ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. A map of the WORLD is a ____________________-scale map. A map of a neighborhood is a _________-scale map. (Word choice: LARGE or SMALL)
This map is for questions 5-7
5. Which letter indicates Antarctica? _________
6. Label NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, ASIA, and AUSTRALIA on the map above
7. The letter E is at approximately which location?
A. 30°N and 30°W B. 60°N and 15°E C. 60°S and 30°E D. 15°S and 15°W
8. Different scales were used to draw the maps above. Which map shows the largest area?
E. Map 1 F. Map 2 G. Map 3
H. Map 4
2. Explain WHY: _______________________________
9. The number 1 on the map shows A. Hudson Bay B. the Great Salt Lake C. Lake Superior D. the Gulf of California
10. The number 2 on the map is on the
A. Colorado River B. Columbia River C. Mississippi River D. Delaware River
11. Which of these four countries is the furthest south?
A. South Africa B. Uruguay C. New Zealand D. Zaire
AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION FOR LAKESIDE
Season Spring
Summer Fall
Winter
Total
Average Inches 5.0 7.0 4.0 4.0
20.0
Percent of Total 25 35 20 20
100
12. Use the information in the table above to construct a pie chart on the figure below. Be sure to label all information. You may use your ruler to draw the chart.
13. Florida is an example of A. an isthmus B. an island C. a peninsula D. a plateau
14. This map (above) would be most useful to a A. pilot flying from Europe to South America B. pilot flying from Canada to Scandinavia C. person sailing to Antarctica D. person sailing in tropical seas
15. Latitude on the map above is represented by
A. circles B. shaded areas C. straight lines D. convergent lines
16. An example of diffusion is that crops that were once grown mostly in North and South America are
A. now grown all over the world B. now grown only in areas where productivity is
high C. now grown only in the Northern Hemisphere D. no longer grown there
17. Which question could you answer based only on the information in the map above?
A. At what times do the public trains arrive? B. How much time does it take to go from Forest
Hills to Oak Grove? C. How many miles is it from one station to
another? D. How can one travel from Alewife to the
Aquarium by public train?
18. According to the graph above, the largest oil reserves in 2008 were in the
A. Africa B. Middle East C. Eurasia D. North America
19. LITTLE TOWN • Width: 4.0 miles east to west • Length: 3.0 miles north to south • Main Street runs east to west through the town. • The school is on the northeast side of town. • Phelps Park is on the southwest side of town. • Runt River runs north to south through the town. On the grid below, each square is one mile wide and one mile long. Draw a map of Little Town on the grid. Draw the town's borders. Then, use the symbols in the key below to draw the features listed above.
20. Quebec can be considered a cultural region
because of its A. landforms B. climate C. language D. economy
21. What is the dominant trend shown in the graph? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two major reasons for the trend shown. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Directly on the map, draw the most direct public train route you would take to get from Boston College to Braintree.
23. After we anchored our ships in the ocean and went ashore to explore, we marched west. The forest was so thick we could only travel three miles in the first two days. Then we came to the mountains and climbed to the top. A rushing river flowed west out of the mountains. We continued to march two miles west and came down out of the mountains. Two miles further we came to the coast. It was obvious that the area we were exploring was an isthmus.
In the box below, draw a map of the region described above. Be sure to include all of the geographical elements mentioned in the description. Include a scale to indicate distances.
STANDARD 2: HUMAN and PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACES and REGIONS
24. Explain the difference between FORMAL,
FUNCTIONAL and VERNACULAR REGION: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
25. There are various PATTERNS that are found on
the earth’s surface, circular, _______________, _________________________, _____________
Use the map below to answer questions 26-27:
26. Islam originated in the area that is now called
A. Spain B. Saudi Arabia C. India D. Egypt
27. Which of these regions was the last to be
influenced by the spread of the Islamic culture? A. Morocco B. Arabia C. Spain D. East Indies
What two units of measurement are used on this map to show distance? CIRCLE on LEGEND. A. Feet and meters B. Miles and kilometers C. Square miles and square kilometers D. Inches and millimeters
31. Look at the political map of South America below. Which of the following countries has its capital located in the interior?
A. Colombia B. Peru C. Argentina D. Guyana
32. Explain the concept of SPACE-TIME COMPRESSION: ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
33. The advance in communication that enabled ideas to spread around the world in a matter of seconds was the introduction of
A. zip codes and high-speed sorting machines by postal services
B. satellites by telecommunications networks C. area codes by telephone companies D. high-resolution signals by television
broadcasters
34. Look at the political map of Africa above. Of the following four cities in southern Africa, which is a national capital?
A. Luanda, Angola B. Durban, South Africa C. Kananga, Zaire D. Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
35. Which of the following is most likely to lead to a
sense of cultural unity among people? A. A diverse landscape B. A common language C. Urban migration D. Economic development
36. What religion is practiced by most people who live
in India? A. Confucianism B. Buddhism C. Christianity D. Hinduism
37. Look at the cross section of South America below.
Which of the following is the highest?
A. Lake Titicaca B. Gran Chaco C. Parana River D. Brazilian Highlands
Use the graph to answer questions 38-39
38. Look at the chart above. In what way is the first set of six countries shown on the chart different from the second set of six countries?
40. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the American Southwest?
A. Alternating areas of dense shrubbery and sand dunes often make travel difficult.
B. Arid conditions make access to water an important public issue.
C. Generally fair weather means that most people rely on solar energy in their homes and businesses.
D. Easy access to Mexico has led to a strong manufacturing sector.
41. Look at the table above. The region described in
this table is A. South America B. Africa C. North America D. Oceania
42. The "Corn Belt" is a region defined on the basis of
A. population B. economic activity C. transportation networks D. political organization
43. The world's largest ocean is the
A. Atlantic B. Arctic C. Indian D. Pacific
44. Which of these four countries is crossed by the
equator? A. Bolivia B. Australia C. India D. Indonesia
45. Look at the maps below. Find the parts of Europe where the natural vegetation is grassland. What type of land use occurs in most of these areas?
A. Manufacturing and trade B. Ranching and grazing C. Forest products D. Crops and livestock
46. People from many different countries live in New
York City. Children speaking many different languages attend its public schools. This is mainly because New York City
A. has an efficient transportation system B. has a higher wage rate than other United
States cities C. is a port of entry for people from other parts of
the world D. is the site of the United Nations headquarters
47. Russia and Ukraine share many cultural traits. This is partly because there has been continuous interaction between Russian and Ukrainian populations over several centuries.
Now look at the physical map of Europe above. Based on the map, identify two physical characteristics of the regions that might have helped the interaction between Russian and Ukrainian populations.
48. What is an important reason that skyscrapers were built in American cities?
A. Construction companies liked to build structures that made residents feel as if they lived in single-family houses.
B. Skyscrapers allowed tenants to create a closer community.
C. Skyscrapers allowed people to use small amounts of land more efficiently.
D. Citizens wanted to be safe from street crime.
49. Switzerland is located in the middle of which
mountain range? A. Alps B. Andes C. Urals D. Pyrenees
50. Look at the physical map of Africa below. Which region in Africa has the highest elevation?
A. Northern coast B. Western coast C. Southwestern D. Eastern
STANDARD 3: PHYSICAL PROCESSES
51. What does the diagram above show? A. The physical features formed by alpine
glaciation B. The effect of erosion on the ocean bed C. The creation of mountains through volcanic
reactions D. A desertification of a valley
1. Lake 2. Delta 3. Isthmus 4. Tributary 5. Volcano
52. Identify each landform and body of water listed above by writing the number next to that feature in the correct place on the map above (for example, write a “5” on the volcano).
53. The Great Lakes were formed primarily as a result
of A. plate tectonic movement B. the action of glaciers C. the construction of dams D. runoff from mountains
54. Under which of the following circumstances would you be most likely to find snow in equatorial regions?
A. In areas below sea level B. In areas at high latitudes C. In areas at high elevations
D. In winter
55. The landform shown in the picture above is typical of the topography of
A. Egypt B. the Netherlands C. Norway D. Bangladesh
56. Look at the map above. Explain the process that causes earthquakes in Japan.
57. Forests in western Europe are found mainly at higher elevations because
A. trees require cool temperatures to thrive B. trees grow best on steep slopes C. farmers cleared trees from lowlands for
farming D. timber companies planted trees on the hillsides
Use this map to answer questions 58-61:
58. On the map on page 2, draw an X on the spot of the earthquake's epicenter.
59. The dotted line running across the map represents
A. A major highway B. A river C. A fault line D. A contour line
60. Which city probably suffered the most damage in
the earthquake? A. Lappington B. San Miguel C. Sun City D. Biddleburg
61. The intensity of this earthquake would be
measured in terms of A. isotherms B. the Richter scale C. the celsius scale D. barometric pressure
62. How do the forces listed below affect the natural environment?
Gravity Ice Water Wind
A. They are major causes of erosion. B. They are important influences on human
settlement. C. They are responsible for seismic activity. D. They cause continental drift.
63. In the United States, most of the fertile soils of
the Midwest were derived from A. glaciers B. volcanic activity C. decaying organic matter D. eroded sandstone
The passage below is for questions 64-65 When the warm ocean current El Niño replaces the cooler Peruvian, or Humboldt, current along the coast of Peru, the supplies of anchovies on which sea birds feed decrease. As a result, the number of sea birds roosting on the coastal islands decreases.
64. The passage describes the effect of El Niño on Peru's
A. wind currents B. weather C. ecosystem D. coastal erosion
65. In Peru, the developments described have an
impact on A. the money earned from tourists who visit its
beaches B. the ability of ships to dock at its ports C. warm weather in coastal areas D. the export of anchovies
66. The information on the map shows that A. Brazil has a shorter growing season than
Argentina has B. New York has a longer growing season than
Chicago has C. Alaska can grow a greater variety of crops than
Florida can D. Colombia can grow a greater variety of crops
than Canada can
67. Fossil fuels such as oil and coal are formed from A. geological processes that transform organic
materials B. the rapid decay of animal bones C. organic processes that lead to the fossilization
of animal tissue D. artificial processes used to treat and reuse
garbage
Use the following map to answer questions 68-69.
68. Between 1961 and 1967, the area that had the most earthquakes was the
A. Mediterranean basin B. mid-Atlantic Ocean C. Caribbean Sea D. Pacific Ocean rim
69. What is responsible for the pattern of earthquake
activity shown on the map? A. Volcanic eruptions B. The weight of ocean water pressing on the land
C. Hurricanes and cyclones
D. The movement of tectonic plates
STANDARD 4: HUMAN ACTIVITIES
Use the graph below to answer questions ______:
70. During which twenty-year period did the urban and rural populations of the United States equal each other?
A. 1860-1880 B. 1900-1920 C. 1920-1940 D. 1940-1960
71. Give two specific reasons that explain why the
population changes shown in the graph have occurred.
72. With which region of the world did the United States have a favorable balance of trade in 1990 ? A. The Pacific Basin B. Canada C. Europe D. Latin America
73. In terms of the dollar value of trade, in 1990
the United States had the most trade with A. Europe B. Latin America C. Canada D. the Pacific Basin
74. Consumer demand for manufactured goods and
energy are often in conflict with A. a high standard of living B. a clean environment C. technological development D. world trade
75. The dots on the map above show the population distribution of Egypt. Being as specific as possible, explain the reasons for this distribution.
78. Based on your knowledge of why people emigrated to the United States, give one reason why the woman chose to go there rather than to a different country.
79. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) lowered trade barriers between
A. France, Germany, and the United States B. Brazil, Chile, and the United States C. Japan, Mexico, and the United States D. Canada, Mexico, and the United States
80. In the space below, list one product that people in the United States eat, drink, or use every day that typically comes from another country. Then explain why the United States imports the product from another country.
87. Look at the map of Australia below. Identify the region in Australia where most people live. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Using information from the maps, give one reason that explains the settlement pattern of Australia.
94. The island shown on the map above has four cities—A, B, C, and D. Based only on the geographical features shown on the map, which city probably has the largest population?
A. City A B. City B C. City C D. City D
STANDARD 5: HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION
95. Describe two important ways in which the construction shown in the photograph above has altered the landscape.
96. In the mid-nineteenth century, before railroads were constructed, people in the United States transported commercial materials, such as timber and coal, over long distances primarily by means of
A. rivers and canals B. turnpikes and freeways C. pack horses and mule trains D. ox carts and Conestoga wagons
97. What contributes to the greenhouse effect? A. Soil erosion B. Burning fuels such as oil, coal, and gas C. Failure to use crop rotation D. Water pollution
98. The photograph above of a Pittsburgh steel mill was taken in 1906. What are two reasons why this would be an unusual sight in the United States today?
99. In ancient Greece, most towns were built on the tops of hills primarily because
A. it was easier to find water on hilltops than in lowlands
B. temperatures were warmer at high elevations C. defending a hill town was easier than defending
a lowland town D. people in early Greece did not rely on farming
for food
100. Detergents upset the natural balance of A. ocean currents B. the atmosphere C. climatic conditions D. lakes and streams
101. Which of the following best explains why
Pittsburgh grew into a major steel-producing center?
A. A large, skilled workforce was available. B. Coal and iron deposits were located nearby. C. The climate allowed for year-round steel
production. D. The city was close to Canadian steel markets.
102. Use the political map of Africa and the land use map (below) to answer the following question. Which city is a major center of manufacturing and trade?
A. Kinshasa, Congo B. Tunis, Tunisia C. Lusaka, Zambia D. Luanda, Angola
103. Early settlers on the North American Great Plains used sod to build houses such as the one shown above primarily because
A. they did not have experience building with wood
B. sod offered greater protection than wood from cold weather
C. there was little wood available for building D. wood houses were vulnerable to prairie fires
104. The limestone statue shown above is located in Milan, Italy, near major manufacturing regions. What is the most likely cause of the damage seen on the statue?
A. Vandalism B. Wind erosion C. Ultraviolet radiation D. Acid rain
COWS SUN GRASS PEOPLE
105. Use the terms above to make a diagram of a food chain in a simple ecosystem. Put your diagram in the box below.
Then write an explanation telling how your ecosystem works.
106. In recent years, millions of people have visited national parks throughout the United States. According to many concerned citizens, park usage has increased so much that many park environments are now in danger, even when visitors try to be careful.
List two ways that the parks can be protected and explain how each way will help protect the parks' environments.
107. Of the following, which group would most likely be located on level land?
A. Hydroelectric plant, national park, reservoir B. Orchard, coffee plantation, mine C. Amusement park, ski resort, quarry D. Railroad, city, airport
108. The reason that most of the farms shown on the map above are long and thin is so that
A. more farms have access to water B. tractors do not have to plow as many furrows C. all the farms can be exposed to equal amounts
of sunlight D. farmers can be closer to common grazing lands
109. Tropical forests are being destroyed at the rate of at least eleven million hectares each year, an area the size of Pennsylvania. About half of all tropical forests are already gone.
Discuss two major reasons for this high rate of tropical deforestation.
111. The major areas of wheat production in the world are the central United States and Canada, Ukraine, south central Australia, and the pampas of Argentina. What is the characteristic shared by these areas that explains their role in wheat production?
A. All have rainy, damp climates. B. All are near sea coasts. C. All are plains. D. All are in highland regions.
112. Which nation is likely to have a steel industry? Explain why.
What is one argument against developing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
118. Look at the map above, which shows three possible routes for a railroad line that will be built to connect Red City with Bluetown.
Which route would be the least expensive to construct? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two reasons why the route you chose would be the least expensive. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
STANDARD 6: CONNECTIONS TO TODAY’S WORLD
119. Environmental issues are viewed differently by people in different circumstances. Explain how the artist makes this point in the cartoon.
122. In 1990 Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait. Look at the map below. Based on the geography of the region, give two reasons why Iraq might have wanted to take control of Kuwait.
123. The two statements below represent contrasting views regarding the rapid development of the Brazilian rain forest. For each view, explain one probable reason for the speaker's attitude, and give one possible argument the speaker might make to defend his or her point of view.
I. Brazilian developer: "Our nation’s prosperity depends on developing the rich resources of the rain forest."
II. European diplomat at an international conference on Earth’s environment: "There is certainly a need for an international agreement on the responsible development of the rain forest."
124. You are forming a United Nations committee to study the world crisis of desertification and what to do about it. List four different professions from which you will select your experts. Explain why you selected those specific professions and what each expert will be expected to contribute.
125. Maddieville is building a new shopping center. There is a disagreement in the city council over whether to build the shopping center at site A or at site B on the map on page 10.
As a resident of the city who would like to shop at the new shopping center, write a letter to the mayor in support of either site A or site B. Give three reasons why the site you support is better than the other site.
