GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT(GPU)

BY

AMAL RAJ.RELECTRONICS

C.P.T.C

INTRODUCTION

What is GPU?• It is a processor optimized for 2D/3D graphics, video,

visual computing, and display.• It is highly parallel, highly multithreaded

multiprocessor optimized for visual computing.• Its uses parallel archetecture.It is also called Visual

processing unit• It serves as both a programmable graphics processor

and a scalable parallel computing platform.• It works along with CPU

CPU VERSUS GPU• A SIMPLE WAY TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN A CPU ANDGPU IS TO COMPARE HOW THEY PROCESS TASKS. A CPU CONSISTS OF A FEW CORES OPTIMIZED FOR SEQUENTIAL SERIAL PROCESSING WHILE A GPU HAS A MASSIVELY PARALLEL ARCHITECTURE CONSISTS OF THOUSANDS OF SMALLER, MORE EFFICIENT CORES DESIGNED FOR HANDLING MULTIPLE TASKS SIMULTANEOUSLY

• GPUS HAVE THOUSANDS OF CORES TO PROCESS PARALLEL WORKLOADS EFFICIENTLY

GPU vs CPU• A GPU is tailored for highly parallel operation while a CPU

executes programs serially• For this reason, GPUs have many parallel execution units and

higher transistor counts, while CPUs have few execution units and higher clockspeeds

• GPUs have much deeper pipelines (several thousand stages vs 10-20 for CPUs)

• GPUs have significantly faster and more advanced memory interfaces as they need to shift around a lot more data than CPUs

CPU VERSUS GPU

PHYSICAL VIEW OF A GPU

COMPONENTS OF A GPU

* MOTHERBOARD

* GRAPHICS PROCESSOR

* MEMORY

* DISPLAY CONNECTOR

The images you see on your monitor are made of tiny dots called pixels. At most common resolution settings, a screen displays over a million pixels, and the computer has to decide what to do with every one in order to create an image. To do this, it needs a translator something to take binary data from the CPU and turn it into a picture you can see. Unless a computer has graphics capability built into the motherboard, that translation takes place on the graphics card

Working

The CPU sends information about the image to the graphics card. The graphics card decides how to use the pixels on the screen to create the image. It then sends that information to the monitor through a cable

To make a 3Dimage,the graphics card first creates a wire frame out of straight lines. Then, it rasterizes the image (fills in the remaining pixels). It also adds lighting, texture and color. For fastpaced games,the computer has to go through this process about sixty times per second. Without a graphics card to perform the necessary calculations, the workload would be too much for the computer to handle.

Working Continues……

The graphics card accomplishes this task using four main components:

A motherboard connection for data and powerA processor to decide what to do with each pixel on the screenMemory to hold information about each pixel and to temporarily store completed pictures

GRAPHICS PROCESSORA graphics card's processor, called a graphics processing unit (GPU), is similar to a computer's CPU. A GPU is designed specifically for performing the complex mathematical and geometric calculations that are necessary for graphics rendering. Some of the fastest GPUs have more transistors than the average CPU. A GPU produces a lot of heat, so it is usually located under a heat sink or a fan.

RAMAs the GPU creates images, it needs somewhere to hold information and completed pictures. It uses the card's RAM for this purpose, storing data about each pixel, its color and its location on the screen

PCI ConnectionGraphics cards connect to the computer through the motherboard. The motherboard supplies power to the card and lets it communicate with the CPU. PCI Express is the newest form of connection and provides the fastest transfer rates between the graphics card and the motherboard

A good overall measurement of a card's performance is

its frame rate, measured in frames per second (FPS). The frame rate describes how many complete images the card can display per second. The human eye can process about 25 frames every second, but fast action games require a frame rate of at least 60 FPS to provide smooth animation and scrolling

The graphics card's hardware directly affects its speed. These are the hardware specifications that most affect the card's speed and the units in which they are measured:GPU clock speed (MHz)Size of the memory bus (bits)Amount of available memory (MB)Memory clock rate (MHz)

Specifications

Modern GPU Architecture

The GPU pipeline• The GPU receives geometry

information(mainly triangles in 3D) from the CPU as an input and provides a picture as an output

• Let’s see how that happens

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Host Interface

• The host interface is the communication bridge between the CPU and the GPU

• It receives commands from the CPU and also pulls geometry information from system memory

• It outputs a stream of vertices in object space with all their associated information (normals, texture coordinates, per vertex color etc)

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Vertex Processing

*A vertex processing is a graphics processing function that maps vertices onto the screen and adds special effects to objects in a 3D environment.• One of its purposes is to transform each vertex's 3D position

in virtual space to the 2D coordinate at which it appears on the screen.

• Vertex pipelines also eliminate unneeded geometry by detecting parts of the scene that are hidden by other parts and simply discarding those parts

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Triangle setupRasterizationIt is the process of determining which screenspace pixel locations are covered by each triangle. Each triangle generates a primitive called a “fragment” at each screenspace pixel location that it covers.

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Triangle Setup (cont)

• A fragment is generated if and only if its center is inside the triangle

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Fragment Processing Or Pixel processing

• Each fragment provided by triangle setup is fed into fragment processing as a set of attributes (position, normal, texcoord etc), which are used to compute the final color for this pixel

• The computations taking place here include texture mapping and math operations

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Memory Interface

• Fragment colors provided by the previous stage are written to the framebuffer

• Before the final write occurs, some fragments are rejected by the zbuffer, stencil and alpha tests

• The final pixels are processed and are provided as picture

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

Diagram of a modern GPU

64bits tomemory

64bits tomemory

64bits tomemory

64bits tomemory

Input from CPU

Host interface

Vertex processing

Triangle setup

Pixel processing

Memory Interface

GPU MANUFACTURERS:

*NVIDIA*ATI/AMD*INTEL

APPLICATIONS

LATEST GPU TECHNLOGYCUDA Parallel ComputingCUDA IS NVIDIA’S PARALLEL COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE THAT ENABLES DRAMATIC INCREASES IN COMPUTING PERFORMANCE BY HARNESSING THE POWER OF THE GPU (GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT).

PHYSX TECHNOLOGYNVIDIA PHYSX TECHNOLOGY HELPS GAMES PLAY BETTER AND FEEL BETTER BY MAKING INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENTS ANDCHARACTERS FAR MORE REALISTIC THAN EVER BEFORE. BY MAKING BEHAVIOR MORE REALISTIC, THE GRAPHICS LOOK AND “FEEL”BETTER

NVIDIA 3D Vision TechnologyNVIDIA 3D VISION® TECHNOLOGY DELIVERS STEREOSCOPIC 3D IMAGES FOR GAMERS, MOVIE LOVERS AND PHOTO ENTHUSIASTS‐WHEN CONFIGURED WITH NVIDIA GPUS, NVIDIA 3D VISION ACTIVE SHUTTER GLASSES, AND 3D VISION READY ‐DISPLAY/PROJECTOR.

LATEST GPU AVAILABLE IN MARKETNVIDIA GEFORCE Gtx 980 Ti

It supports:CUDA3D VisionPhysX 4k

GTX 980 TI Memory Specs:Memory Clock :1753 MHZMemory size:6GBMemoryBandwidth(GB/sec):336.5GPU Clock speed:1000 MHZ

AMD Radeon R9 290X

Memory Clock :1250 MHZMemory size:4GB MemoryBandwidth(GB/sec):345.6GPU Clock speed:1000 MHZ

THANK YOU