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December 6th, 2011
Graphite: Availability and Market
Requirements
1. Graphite World
2. Graphite Markets
3. The Big Challenge
1. Graphite World
The Graphite World
GraphiteGraphite2.5 M ton/y2.5 M ton/y
PowdersPowders> 100 kton/y> 100 kton/y
Natural GraphiteNatural Graphite1 M ton/y1 M ton/y
Synthetic GraphiteSynthetic Graphite1.5 M ton/y1.5 M ton/y
Bodies Bodies (Electrodes)(Electrodes)< 1.4 M ton/y< 1.4 M ton/y
FlakeFlake400 kton/y400 kton/y
AmorphousAmorphous600 kton/y600 kton/y
The Graphite World
Natural FlakesNatural Flakes400 kton/y400 kton/y
Primary Primary Synthetic Synthetic PowdersPowders
Secundary Secundary Synthetic Synthetic PowdersPowders(Scraps)(Scraps)
SpecialSpecialFlakesFlakes
OrdinaryOrdinaryFlakesFlakes
Synthetic Powders Synthetic Powders > 100 k> 100 kton/yton/y
ProcessedProcessedNaturalsNaturals
2. Graphite Markets(or at least some of them…)
Refractories & Metallurgy
Typical customers in this application group:
• Metal Producers: use Graphite as re-carburizer
• Refractory Producers: use Graphite in Bricks, Monolithics, Crucibles
Products used by these industries:• Natural Graphite Amorphous and
Secundary Synthetic Powders are used as Recarburizer
• Natural Graphite Ordinary Flakes are used for Refractories and Crucibles
Markets
EngineeringMaterials
Typical customers in this application group:
• Producers of Carbon Brushes, Powder Metallurgy & Hard Metals, Friction parts and Foils (often linked to car industry)
• Producers of Lubricants, Catalysts, Synthetic Diamonds, Pencils,Ceramics.
Products used by these industries:• Natural Graphite Special Flakes,
Processed Natural Graphite Powders • Primary Synthetic Powders, some
Secundary Synthetic Powders
Markets
Mobile Energy
Typical customers in this application group are Producers of:
• Primary batteries: Alkaline, Zn-C, etc.• Rechargeable batteries: Li-ion, NiCd,
NiMH, Lead-acid, etc.• Fuel Cells• Super-Capacitors
Products used by these industries:• Processed Primary Synthetic Graphite • Processed Natural Graphite Powders• Graphite Water-based Dispersions
Markets
Markets
New & FutureApplications
Potential customers in new applications:
• Producers of Thermal Conductive Polymers
• Producers of Super Capacitors• Producers of New Carbon Materials
like Fullerene, Nanotubes, Graphene• etc. etc. etc.
Products likely to be used by these industries:
• Processed Primary Synthetic Graphite• Processed Natural Graphite Powders
Markets
In few words…
Just a tiny part of the graphite produced on earth is suitable for the high end markets of today …
…and just after complex production processes!
Markets
In few words…
For the high end marketsof tomorrow, a carbon precursor (natural or primary synthetic or other)will be needed……but in any case just
combined with complex production processes!
3. The Big Challenge
The Big Challenge
The big challenge is about having the
“appropriate processingtechnology”
for the most promising future markets….
The Big Challenge
… and just in a second priority about having
“access to the appropriate carbon precursors”
The Big Challenge
Just being a precursor producer is not enough to be successful in the high end graphite markets of
tomorrow!!
The Big Challenge
Of course, if you own appropriate and diversified
graphite precursors reservesand you know about
processing technologies…
…you are very well placed!
Manufacturing Plants
Timcal Plants
Exploitation of the present PIT nr. 12 (the second since beginning of operations) will finish during H1/2012Overburden of next PIT nr. 6 is already doneExploitation of next PIT nr. 6 will start H2 /2012Following PIT nr. 2: ready to be exploited Ongoing exploration on southern part of LDI field, in order to define additional reserves for the future (after 2018-2020)
About Timcal Mine in Canada, LDI
Primary Synthetic Graphite:
• Isotropic & Anisotropic• Coarse, Medium, Fine,
Ultra Fine• High & Very High Purity
Natural Flake Graphite• Flake• Purified• Expanded• Expandable• High Crystallinity• Coarse, Medium, Fine
Ultra-fine• High Purity
Timcal: a Full Spectrum of Products and Services
Conductive Carbon Black• Granulated• Powder
Cokes• Coarse, Medium, Fine
Water Based Dispersions
Timcal Products
A Member of IMERYS:transform to perform
A member of IMERYS
www.imerys.com
Summary
• owns natural graphite reserves and already mines natural graphite in Canada
• owns a plant to manufacture primary synthetic graphite powders in Switzerland
• is the only one to be in a position to offer both natural and primary synthetic graphite powders
Summary
• knows already technologies which enable the supply thousands of tons/y of highly processed graphite grades, both natural as well as primary synthetic
• has the full support from IMERYS to further develop its reserves, its capacity and its processing technology for both naturals and primary synthetics
Summary
December 6th, 2011