GREECEA review of :

GREEK CIVILIZATION

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a

period of Greek history that lasted from the

Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (ca. 600

AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early

Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.

ANCIENT GREECE

The Greek world in the mid 6th century BC.

ARCHAIC PERIOD

Dipylon Vase of the late Geometric period, or the beginning of the

Archaic period, ca. 750 BC.

Early Athenian coin, depicting the head of Athena on the obverse and

her owl on the reverse—5th century BC

5TH CENTURY

Attic red-figure pottery, kylix by the Trptolemos Painter, ca. 480 BC

(Paris , Louvre)

CLASSICAL GREECE

Inheritance law, part of the Law Code of Gorton, Crete, fragment of the

11th column. Limestone, 5th century BC

GOVERNMENT & LAW

Gravestone of a woman with her slave child-attendant, c. 100 BC

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

EDUCATION

EDUCATION IN SPATRA IN GREECE

Greek hoplite and Persian warrior depicted fighting, on an ancient

kylix, 5th century BC

ECONOMY

The history of modern Greece covers the history of Greece from the recognition of its

autonomy from the Ottoman Empire by the Great Powers (the

United Kingdom, France, and Russia) in 1828, after the Greek

War of Independence, to the present day.

MODERN GREECE

It is a monument and museum on the

waterfront of the city of Thessaloniki,

capital of the region of Macedonia in northern Greece

The White Tower of

Thessaloniki

Ioannis Antonios Kapodistriaswas a Greek diplomat of the Russian Empire and later the

first head of state of independent Greece.

IOANNIS KAPODISTRIAS

Face and Obverse of a Phoenix coin.

Phoenix coin

CREATION OF KINGDOM GREECE

Assassination of Ioannis Kapodistrias by Dionysios Tsokos.

The Entry of King Otto in Athens by

Peter von Hess.

Otto was made the first modern King of Greece in 1832 under the

Convention of London.

Otto

King George 1

of the Hellenes.

The Hellenic Parliament in the 1880s, with PM Charilaos Trikoupis standing at the

podium.

1864-1913

Popular lithograph celebrating the success of the Goudi

pronunciamiento of 1909 as a national rebirth.

The Greek fleet assembled at

Phaleron Bay on 5/18 October 1912, before

sailing for Lemnos

Greek infantrymen in the Battle of

Sarantaporos.

WARS

Junta swearing-in ceremony

30 Drachma coin of 1963

1950-1973

The Rio-Antirio bridge officially the Charilaos Trikoupis bridge

CULTURE OF GREECE

The Byzantine church of Agii

Theodori, Mystras.

Doric Temple of Athena Lindia in Lindos, Rhodes.

ARCHITECTURE

BYZANTYNE ARCHITECTURE

The Antikythera mechanism was an analog computer from 150–100 BC

designed to calculate the positions of astronomical

objects.

Science & technolog

y

The theatre of Epidauros, 4th century BC.

THEATRE OF ANCIENT GREECE

Greece is one of the few places in Europe where the day-to-day role of folk dance is sustained.

The carnival and Easter offer more opportunities for family gatherings and dancing.

DANCE IN GREECE

The Academy of Athens is Greece's national academy.

EDUCATION IN MODERN GREECE

The most famous artist born in Greece was probably Doménikos Theotokópoulos, better

known as El Greco (The Greek) in Spain.

GREEK PEOPLE

Ancient Greek Ostracon bearing the name of Cimon. Museum of the Ancient Agora, Athens.

LANGUAGE

Example of Greek Orthodox visual

hagiography.

Nikolaos Gyzis (1842-1901),

painter from Tinos.

PAINTING

The Temple of Hephaestus in Athens is the best-preserved of

all ancient Greek temples.

RELIGION

Agios Minas, Santorini.

The building of the Hellenic Parliament was designed as a Royal Palace for Otto of Greece.

POLITICS

Antonis SamarasKarolos Papoulias

Prime minister of

greece

PRESIDENT OF GREECE

Mikis Theodorakis,

popular composer, tried to introduce the

bouzouki into the mainstream

culture.

Earliest known depiction of lyra in a

Byzantine ivory casket. The Byzantine Church

music has a strong influence on modern

Greek music.

MUSIC

FOOTBALLBASKETBAL

LVOLLEYBAL

LWATERPOLOKICKBOXING

WEIGHT-LIFTING

WRESTLING

SAILING AND

ROWINGSWIMMING AND DIVING

TENNISHANBALL

ATHELETICS

SPORTS

Greece was home of the ancient Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BC in

Olympia, and hosted the modern Olympic Games twice, the inaugural 1896 Summer

Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Cuisine

Greek Salad Choriatiki .

Traditional Greek taverna, integral part of Greek culture and cuisine.

APPETIZERS

Spanakopita with cubed feta.

Pita with Gyros.

Two traditional Greek alcoholic beverag

es: Tentura

(left) and

Metaxa (right).

BEER

GREEK MYTHOLOGY

Greek mythology has changed over time to accommodate the evolution of their culture, of

which mythology, both overtly and in its unspoken

assumptions, is an index of the changes. In Greek mythology's

surviving literary forms, as found mostly at the end of the

progressive changes, is inherently political, as Gilbert

Cuthbertson has urged.

MYTHIC HISTORY

ERA OF GODS

Cosmogony and cosmology

Attic black-figured

amphora depicting

Athena being "reborn" from the head of Zeus, who

had swallowed her mother, Metis, the goddess of childbirth.

Eileithyia, on the right

assists, circa 550–525 BC.

Greek pantheon

Zeus, disguised as a swan, seduces

Leda, the Queen of Sparta. A sixteenth century copy of the lost

original by Michelang

elo.

Age of gods and mortals

Dionysus with satyrs. Interior of a cup painted

by the Brygos Painter,

Cabinet des Médailles.

Heroic age

Demeter and

Metanira in a detail

on an Apulian

red-figure hydria,

circa 340 BC (Altes Museum,

Paris).

Heracles with his

baby Telephus (Louvre

Museum, Paris).

Heracles and the Heracleidae

The Rage of

Achilles by

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

TROJAN WAR & AFTERMATH

GREEK GODS

APOLLO

The god of music, healing, plague, the sun, prophecies, and poetry, ; associated with

light, truth and the sun.

ARES

The god of war, bloodlust, violence, manly courage, and

civil order.

ARTEMIS

Virgin goddess of the hunt,

wilderness,

animals, young girls,

childbirth and

plague.

ATHENA

The goddess of wisdom,

warfare, battle

strategy, heroic

endeavor, handicrafts and reason.

DEMETER

The goddess of agriculture, horticulture, grain and harvest.

DIONYSUS

The god of wine, parties and festivals,

madness, chaos,

drunkenness and pleasure

at forever young. 

HERMES

Hermes was an Olympian god in Greek religion and mythology. Hermes was a god of

transitions and boundaries.

HADES

King of the Underworld and god of

the dead and the hidden wealth of

the Earth. 

HERA

Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and

empires. 

HESTIA

Virgin goddess of the

hearth, home and

cooking. 

POSEIDON

The god of the sea,

rivers, floods,

droughts,

earthquakes, and

the creator

of horses.

ZEUS

The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of

the sky, weather, thunder,

lightning, law, order, and fate.

HEPHAESTUS

Hephaestus was the god of

technology, blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors,

metals, metallurgy, fire and volcanoes.

APHRODITE

The goddes

s of love,

beauty and

desire.

Ancient Greek temples

The Parthenon, on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece.

The Temple of Apollo at Corinth, one of the earliest stone-built Doric temples. Note the

monolithic columns.

The temple of Zeus in Cyrene.

Syracuse (Sicily): The 5th-century BC Doric temple of Athena, transformed into a Christian church

during the Middle Ages.

GREEK AND ROMAN

CONCEPTIONS

OF MYTH.

Philosophy and myth

Raphael’s Plato in The School of

Athens fresco . The philosopher

expelled the study of Homer, of the

tragedies and of the related mythological traditions from his utopian Republic.

Hellenistic and Roman rationalism

Cicero saw himself as the defender of

the established order, despite his

personal skepticism with regard to myth

and his inclination towards more philosophical

conceptions of divinity.

The genesis of modern understanding of Greek

mythology is regarded by some scholars as a double reaction at the end of the

eighteenth century against "the traditional attitude of

Christian animosity", in which the Christian reinterpretation of myth as a "lie" or fable had

been retained.

Modern interpretations

Comparative and psychoanalytic approaches

Max Müller is regarded as one of the founders

of comparative mythology. In his

Comparative Mythology (1867) Müller analysed

the "disturbing" similarity between the mythologies of "savage races" with those of the

early Europeans.

Origin theories

For Karl Kerényi mythology is "a body of material

contained in tales about gods and god-like beings, heroic battles

and journeys to the Underworld.

Sandro Botticelli

MOTIFS IN WESTERN ARTAND LITERATURE

Draper Herbert James

Mourning for Icarus

PLACES TO

VISIT IN

GREECE

ZAKYNTHOS ISLAND

METEORA

KAVALA

EPIRUS

CORFU

SANTORINI ISLAND

RHODES

NATIONAL EMBLEM OF GREECE

NATIONAL ANTHEM

Segnoriso apo tin Kopsi tou spathiou tin tromeri;Segnoriso apo tin opsi pou me via metra tin yi.Ap ta Kokkala vyalmeni ton ellinon ta ieraKe san prot' anthriomeni haire o hair'eleftheria.Ke san prot' anthriomeni haire o hair'eleftheria,Ke san prot' anthriomeni haire o hair'eleftheria.