GreeceThe Glory that was Greece

???

OHow did geography help form

the government of Greece?

ODescribe the situations in

Greece during its political

evolution

OHow did the elements of

civilization relate to one another

that contributed to the rise and

fall of civilizations?

Greek Civilizations

OAegean

OHellenic

OHellenistic

Forms of Government

OMonarchy

OOligarchy

OTyranny

ODemocracy

Monarchy

Undivided rule or absolute

sovereignty by a single person

Geography O Mountainous terrain

O 80% non arable land

OHampered communication

OStimulated sea going tradeEncouraged to establish colonies

ODeveloped “polis” or city statesIndependent from each other

Aegean Civilization

2 periods:

OMinoan

OMycenaean

Minoan Versus MycenaeanAspect Minoan MycenaeanPEOPLE Happy, peaceful war – like

SYSTEM

OF

WRITING

Linear A Linear B

ART Not an expression

of religion

In honor of the gods

ECONOM

Y

Traded from Troy to

Egypt

Sicily to Syria

Continued the

Minoan Trade

MOST

FAMOUS

KING

Minos Agamemon

Crete

Egypt

Sicily

Syria

Troy

Troy

OHas command in both sea routes and

land caravans

OThe cause of the Trojan war is

debateable:

OMycenaean Pirates attack

OKidnapping of Helen

Fall of Mycenae

OInvaded by the Dorian

Greeks

OGreek Dark AgesOVital to the rise of HELLENIC

CIVILIZATION

End of the Monarchy

Nobles wanted the power for

themselves

Hellenic Civilization

800 BC – 338 BC

Hellenes – what Greeks call themselves

Culture flourished

Acropolis – highest place in the city- state

Agora - open space for people to make

trade and meetings

Hellenic Civilization

Society was ruled by few nobles

OLIGARCHY

Few

NOBLES…

OOverthrew kings

OGrabbed land

OCommoners serfs

OOthers lived on rocky, barren soil

O750 – 550 BC – planted

colonies throughout much of

the Mediterranean

Magna Graecia “Great

Greece

OUsed coined money created

middle class

2 Prominent States

OAthens

OSparta

Athens

SOLON

OCancelled debts of the lower class

OForbade debt bondage

OStimulated trade and industry

1. citizenship to artisans

2. Required fathers to teach their

children a trade

Sparta

OMilitary state

OExpanded by conquering and enslaving neighbors

OEvery Spartan was a Soldier

OCulturally and economically backward

OTrade was prohibited

Spartan League

OTo ensure helots/slaves would

not be contaminated of other

states’ political ideas.

OA group made up of oligarchic

states

O650 BC – Tyrants rose in many

Greek States

OBut Sparta Remained an

Oligarchy

TyrannyOAll power belongs to one

person

Monarchy Tyranny

Succession Succeeded by

son

No one

Right to Rule Legal No legal right

Pisistratus

OBanished nobles

ODistributed lands among the

poor

OMade Greece into a cultural

leader

“Life under Pisistratus was paradise on earth”

Democracy

ORule of the Majority

OTo stop the Spartan threat of

making Athens into an Oligarch

state again.

OStarted by Cleisthenes

ODestroyed remaining power of

nobles

OOstracism allowed the

people to banish officials who in

their belief were dangerous to

Athens

OIncreased # of tribes to 10 with

50 representatives per tribe

membership in the assembly

OHowever, women and

foreigners were not given a

chance to participate

not considered citizens

Review

ODiscuss the role of geography in the

formation of Monarchies?

OHow did they earn the title “Magna Graecia”?

OExplain why everyone in Sparta are soldiers.

ODifferentiate a monarchy from a tyranny.

OWhy did Greece change into a Tyranny?

Threats

1. Persia

O499 BC – Darius I invaded

nearby Greek colonies Athens

sent aid

O494 BC – Darius I wanted to

punish Athens

O490 BC – Darius sent 20,000 to

Marathon but were defeated.

OGreeks defeated Persians

through the temporary unity of

Athens and other polis

Delian League

2. Peloponnesian War

O431 BC – Spartan League versus

Athenian Empire in

Peloponnesus

O404 BC – Sparta won. However,

conflict continued in the other

city-states.

O371 BC – Spartan Leadership fell

in the battle of LeuctraLEFT GREEKS WEAK AND

DIVIDED

3. Macedonia

OKing Philip II – father of Alexander

the great

OMacedonian King who wanted to

unify Greece under his leadership.

O338 BC - Athens and Thebes invaded

Macedonia but was defeated

O336 BC – King Philip II was

assassinated and was succeeded by

his 20 year old son, Alexander.

Hellenistic Civilization

OPhilosophical and Scientific discoveries

were applied to everyday life

OAlexandria, Egypt most famous

Hellenistic city

Hellenic Hellenistic

• Development was

WITHIN Greece

• Greek Civilization

was spread through

out the world

• Other civilizations

influenced Greece

Alexander the Great

OTutored by Aristotle

OGrew up reading Iliad

OInvaded India, Egypt Syria,

Palestine, Mesopotamia,

Persia,…

O323 BC – Died of Malaria

OAlexander’s political legacy:

OTo unify the lands that he

conquered

Oto promote “concord and

partnership in the empire”

between Orientals and

westerners”

Philosophy

OSkeptics – an attitude of doubting the

truth of something

OCynics – ideal was on nonattachment to

the values and conventions of society

OEpicureanism – achieve

happiness by freeing his body

from pain and fear

OStoicism – the quality or behavior

of a person who accepts without

complaint or showing emotion.

Science and Math

OPythagorean Theorem

OAristarchus – earth revolved

around the sun in its own axis

OEratosthenes – first to draw

latitude and longitude

Theater Arts

OTragedy

OOedipus Rex

OComedy

Architecture

Doric Ionic Corinthian

Questions???Wala??Let’s play!!!