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Greek Culture and Society Term II, Lecture 7 Greek Religion.

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Greek Culture and Society Term II, Lecture 7 Greek Religion
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Greek Culture and SocietyTerm II, Lecture 7

Greek Religion

2

Religion and worship

3

4Athens, theatre of Dionysus, seat of the priest of Dionysus

5

What was a Greek sanctuary?

Sanctuary of Poseidon, Cape Sunion, Attica

6

7

Main features of a Greek sanctuary

• Location• Altar• Temenos• Priest• Calendar

8Altar of the Temple of Apollo, Gortyn, Crete

10

Everyday Rituals

• Home hearth is sacred to Hestia• Everything hunted is sacred to Artemis• Everything farmed is sacred to Demeter• All sea-going activities are sacred to

Poseidon• All weather phenomena are sacred to Zeus• Travelling and trading is sacred to Hermes• Metal-working is sacred to Hephaistos• Wool-working and household work are

sacred to Athena

11

Hestia, the most gentle and charitable of divinities, guardian of the oikos

12

Ephaistos, the god blacksmith

13

Thundering Zeus

14

Greek Calendars

• Each polis had its own calendar• The calendar was a calendar of

festivals and sacrifices

15

cos

16

Sacred Calendar from KosMonth A: Batromeios• ?: An ox from the

Chiliastes to Hestia Hetaireia

• ?: Annual Festival to Zeus Polieus. Sacrifice of ox.

• 10th: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites

• 20th: An ox to Zeus Polieus

• 20th: A pregnant sheep to Athena Polias

• 21st: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites

• 23rd: A sheep and a pregnant ewe to Demeter

• 24th: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites

Month B: Karneios• ?: A pregnant ewe to

Rhea• 10th: A heifer to Argive

Royal Hera of the Marshes

• 11th: A pig to Zeus Machaneus

• 12th: 3 sheep, an ox, ½ medimnos of barley and wine to Zeus Machaneus

• 12th: Heifer/sheep to Athena Machanis

Month C: Pedageitnion• 21st: 3 sheep to the

Heroes• 28th: A lamb to Herakles• 28th: An ox to HeraklesMonth D: Unknown• 17th: A sheep to Delian

Apollo• 17th: An ewe to Leto• 19th: A goat to the Graces• 20th: A sheep and an ewe

to Apollo Karneios and Artemis

17

The Panathenaic Procession• It is generally accepted that the Parthenon

Frieze portrays the Processions at the festival of the Great Panathenaia that was celebrated every four years in Athens

18

Athens, the Parthenon

19

Panathenaic Processiona proposed order

• Four little girls carrying a peplos for the life-size statue of Athena Polias

• Priestesses of Athena and Athenian women carrying gifts • Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep) • Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying

on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings • Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara. • A colossal peplos (for Athena Parthenos) hung on the mast

of a ship on wheels • Old men carrying olive branches• Four-horse chariots with a charioteer and fully armed man

(apobatês) • Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos) • Infantry and cavalry • Victors in the games • Ordinary Athenians arranged by deme

20

Arrephoroi

21

Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep)

22

Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara

23Old men carrying olive branches

24

Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings

25

Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos)

26

Infantry and cavalry (who is missing?)

27

The Acropolis seen from the Panathenaic stadium

28

Eleusis

29

Demeter and Triptolemus

30

31

Herma: Square or rectangular pillar of stone, terracotta, or bronze; a bust of Hermes' head, usually with a beard, sat on the top of the pillar, and male genitals adorned the base.

415: The Hermae affair

32

The Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi

33

34

35

The Pythia

36

37

38

Athenian Thesauron

39

Theatre of Apollo, Delphi• The cult of excellence:music competition

• Hymn to Apollo• Flute and kithara• Acting and drama• Painting

40

Stadium, Delphi• Held in August, every four

years• Lasted 6-8 days• 1. “Holy games”:

showcase of Apollo’s victory over Python

• 2. Procession and sacrifice• 3. Musical competition• 4. Sport competition

The archaic aristocracies of Attica

Necropolises of Menidhi/Acharnae and Thoricus

The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos

The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos

The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos

46

The cup of Nestor

47

Athens, monument of the eponymous heroes


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