WHAT IS GOOD

THINKINGTHINKING?

Logic

Logic

The THEORY of REASONINGThe THEORY of REASONINGLogic

Logic

The THEORY of REASONINGThe THEORY of REASONINGLogic

Logic

The THEORY of REASONINGThe THEORY of REASONINGLogic

Logic

Logic

Logic

John Venn (1834 – 1923)

The THEORY of REASONINGThe THEORY of REASONINGLogic

Logic

The SCIENCE of REASONINGThe SCIENCE of REASONINGLogic

Logic

1. Someone is sick.Someone is unhappy.So someone is unhappy and sick.

INVALID

2. If he loves me then he gives me flowers.He gives me flowers.So he loves me.INVALID

3. Beckham is famous. Beckham is a soccer player. Therefore, Beckham is a famous football player.INVALID

4. If it rains, the streets will be wet. If the streets are wet, accidents will happen. Therefore, accidents will happen if it rains.VALID

The SCIENCE of REASONINGThe SCIENCE of REASONINGLogic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

Logic

FALLACIES of REASONINGFALLACIES of REASONINGLogic

Logic

FALLACIES of REASONINGFALLACIES of REASONING

1. Ad Hominem Circumstantial1. Ad Hominem Circumstantial

2. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque2. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque

3. Ad Populem (Appeal to Belief)3. Ad Populem (Appeal to Belief)

4. Burden of Proof4. Burden of Proof

5. Appeal to Ridicule5. Appeal to Ridicule

6. Bandwagon6. Bandwagon

7. Division7. Division

AD HOMINEM AD HOMINEM CIRCUMSTANTIALCIRCUMSTANTIAL

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Lumpy can’t possibly be right about his Lumpy can’t possibly be right about his plan to help the poor because he’s plan to help the poor because he’s never known what it’s like to be hungry.never known what it’s like to be hungry.

AD HOMINEMAD HOMINEM

TU QUOQUETU QUOQUE

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

““That hypocrite of a cop who gave us a That hypocrite of a cop who gave us a ticket for speeding was completely in ticket for speeding was completely in the wrong for doing so because I saw the wrong for doing so because I saw that very same officer breaking the that very same officer breaking the speed limit herself just yesterday!”speed limit herself just yesterday!”

APPEAL TO BELIEFAPPEAL TO BELIEF

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Obviously the earth is spherical– Obviously the earth is spherical– everyone knows that!everyone knows that!

BURDEN of PROOFBURDEN of PROOF

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Joe B:Joe B: “I think we should provide money “I think we should provide money to the flood victims in New Orleans.”to the flood victims in New Orleans.”

Lumpy:Lumpy: “But that’s not a good idea since “But that’s not a good idea since we’re starving ourselves.”we’re starving ourselves.”

Joe B:Joe B: “But how can you possibly “But how can you possibly against helping others?”against helping others?”

APPEAL to RIDICULEAPPEAL to RIDICULE

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

““Whaddya mean senior privileges should Whaddya mean senior privileges should be taken away? That’s completely be taken away? That’s completely wackwack!”!”

BANDWAGONBANDWAGON

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Hazing the freshman together isn’t a big Hazing the freshman together isn’t a big deal. Anyway, you should do it if only deal. Anyway, you should do it if only because if you don’t, the team won’t because if you don’t, the team won’t ever trust you ever again.ever trust you ever again.

DIVISIONDIVISION

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

That ball is green; therefore the atoms That ball is green; therefore the atoms that make up the ball are also green.that make up the ball are also green.

12 Angry Men12 Angry Men

Teleplay byTeleplay by Reginald RoseReginald Rose

Directed byDirected by Sidney Sidney LumetLumet

12 Angry 12 Angry MenMen

Teleplay byTeleplay by Reginald RoseReginald Rose

Directed byDirected by Sidney LumetSidney Lumet . Logic

. Logic

Ethics

Ethics

Politics

Politics

12 Angry Men12 Angry Men

Teleplay byTeleplay by Reginald RoseReginald Rose

Directed byDirected by Sidney Sidney LumetLumet

TASKTASK:

Watch the film Watch the film 12 12 Angry MenAngry Men and and identify identify eacheach example example of fallacious reasoning of fallacious reasoning used to proclaim the used to proclaim the accused boy guilty. accused boy guilty.

NOW… MAD 40 on ONE of the Theban plays: How does it

reflect Greek ideals in content and in form?

Insert slide at outset informing them of this

Name: ________________________________

The Ancient GreeksMad 40Essay Question: What roles do the manifestations and interrelationships of Order and Chaos play in establishing Sophocles’ deeper point(s) or theme in any ONE of the Theban plays.Reminder:Ensure your essay includes an introduction, thesis statement, topic sentences for each paragraph, and a conclusion. Proofread your work carefully before submitting it.

Name: ____________________________________Quarterly PresentationsAt the start of each quarter (approximately), two groups will present separately on a historical time period pertaining to a work of literature the class will be reading during that quarter.Read the following expectations carefully. They address the intellectual, artistic, technological, and public speaking goals your group will incorporate into the project’s planning and presentation.Be sure to PLAN AHEAD as these presentations will occur regardless of any other major assignments assigned to you.THE STAKESYou will receive two test grades for your presentation: one for the depth of your knowledge and another for the creativeness and elegance of the presentation.DURATIONYour group’s presentation will last for two full class periods.DUE DATE:QUARTERTWOGroup 1: Nov. 17 and 18Group 2: Nov. 21 and 22QUARTERTHREEGroup 3: Jan. 19 and 20Group 4: Jan. 23 and 24QUARTERFOURGroup 5: Nov. 17 and 18PhilosophicalFocusGroup 1: MedievalGroup 2: RenaissanceGroup 3: RomanticGroup 4: VictorianGroup 5:ModernTextsGroup 1:Merchant of VeniceGroup 2:The InfernoGroup 3:A Tale of Two Cities (setting)Group 4: A Tale of Two Cities Group 5:West Side StoryINTELLECTUAL GOALYour group will conduct detailed research to understand and teaching the following thoroughly:The historical context (time period).The major factors that influenced the thinking of the time period.The influence of the time period on later Western thought and the arts.The philosophical purpose and importance of the time period’s aesthetics regarding FOUR of the following: fine art, sculpture, architecture, dance, mathematics, or music.How the beliefs of the time period are evident in the CONTENT and FORM of the quarter’s literature. (This segment should NOT be the primary focus of your presentation but rather an equal part of the whole.)ARTISTIC GOALYour group will assemble what it has learned into a multi-media presentation. Some suggestions are to include some or all of the following:HumorMusicSound clipsGraphics such as charts, .ani, .jpeg, etc.Video clipsComic stripsEtc.Be sure to keep careful records of all sources you use!Your group is NOT required to use PowerPoint ® to assemble your presentation; however, it is an easy-to-use tool your group should at least consider.

TECHNOLOGICAL GOALYour group must ensure any and all technology it uses has been test-run several times for proficiency and efficiency. Technological mishaps waste class time and are completely unacceptable.PUBLIC SPEAKING GOALEach member of your group is responsible for presenting enthusiastically and clearly. You must take care to speak clearly and to maintain proper posture.Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse. The best way to ensure your presentation is fluid and free from mishaps is to set a due date for yourselves well in advance of the formal deadline in order to rehearse your presentation several times. During trial runs, you will be able to provide each other with feedback and reminders regarding public speaking skills.Taking pride in your appearance exudes confidence.The attire for each member is formal. Boy are required to wear a tie and slacks—a jacket is preferred if you have one. A pantsuit or dress is expected for girls. Pants and shirts must be ironed neatly.

With Thanks To…

http://www.historyhaven.com/worldhistory/greek_01.htm