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Greek TheaterGreek Theater
Overview of Greek TheaterOverview of Greek Theater• The land
• Antigone
• The Theater
The LandThe Land
•Greece has thousands of
inhabited islands and dramatic mountain
ranges
The LandThe Land
•Greece has a rich culture and history
The LandThe Land
•Democracy was founded
in Greece
The LandThe Land
•Patriarchal (male dominated)
society
The LandThe Land
•Philosophy, as a practice, began in Greece (Socrates,
Plato, Aristotle)
The LandThe LandLocated in Europe in the Aegean
Sea
The LandThe Land
The LandThe Land
Overview of Greek TheaterOverview of Greek Theater• The land
• Antigone
• The Theater
The TheaterThe Theater
The TheaterThe TheaterSix Main Portions of
Greek Theater:
Theatron – Seating
for audience
The TheaterThe TheaterSix Main Portions of Greek Theater:
Orchestra – “Dancing
Place” where
chorus sang to the
audience
The TheaterThe TheaterSix Main Portions of Greek Theater:
Thymele – altar to
Dionysus in center of orchestra
where sacrifices were made
The TheaterThe TheaterSix Main Portions of Greek Theater:
Skene – wooden scene
building used as a dressing room.
The TheaterThe TheaterSix Main Portions of Greek Theater:
Parados – entrance
to the theater used by
the Chorus
The TheaterThe TheaterSix Main Portions of Greek Theater:
Proskenion – where
most of the action took place; also served as a backdrop
The StageThe Stage
DionysusDionysus
•God of Wine and
Partying (Revelry)
The TheaterThe Theater
• Greek plays were performed during religious ceremonies held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry (altars generally on
stage)
The TheaterThe Theater
• Business would shut down for days, people would travel from all around to see the
drama competitions—even prisoners were temporarily released to see the plays
The TheaterThe Theater
•Tragedy means “goat song” (relates to
Dionysian rituals)
The TheaterThe Theater
Where and how were the dramas Where and how were the dramas performed?performed?
…In an amphitheatre
Where and how were the dramas Where and how were the dramas performed?performed?
…With a chorus who described most of the action.
Where and how were the dramas Where and how were the dramas performed?performed?
……With masks
Where and how were the dramas Where and how were the dramas performed?performed?
Each morning, one of the playwrights presented three
tragedies and a satyr play.
Where and how were the dramas Where and how were the dramas performed?performed?
That afternoon, another playwright
presented a comedy.
Where and how were the dramas Where and how were the dramas performed?performed?
This went on for three days and
then a winner was chosen.
Major Greek DramatistsMajor Greek Dramatists
Dramatist Born Wrote
Aeschylus 524 B.C. Seven Against Thebes
Sophocles 496 B.C. Antigone
Oedipus
Euripides 480 B.C. Medea
How were the dramas developed?How were the dramas developed?
• Thespis was the first playwright to tell a story. He had one chorus member step away from the others to play the part of a hero or god.
How were the dramas developed?How were the dramas developed?
Aeschylus added a second individual
actor to the performance, thus
creating the possibility of
conflict.
How were the dramas developed?How were the dramas developed?
•Sophocles adds a third actor; now
we have full-blown drama.
Overview of Greek TheatreOverview of Greek Theatre• The land
• Antigone
• The stage
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Is based on the myth of Oedipus
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
• Oedipus is given away by his parents, Laios and Jocasta
when they learn from an oracle that their son would kill his father and marry his
mother.
• The ancient citizens of Greece would sacrifice and
pray to an ORACLE.
• An oracle was a priest or priestess who would send a message from the gods
to mortals who brought their requests.
The Oracle at DelphiThe Oracle at Delphi
Most famous oracle in Greek mythology.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
• Oedipus learns of the oracle and believing the king and queen of Corinth are his
parents, he leaves to avoid the oracle.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone• Oedipus travels to Thebes, killing Laios on the way. He saves the city
from a terrible monster, the
Sphinx.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Thebes reward him by making him king and giving him the
queen to marry.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
• A plague hits the city and the oracle warns that it won’t go away until the killer of King Laios is
punished.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Oedipus investigates and finds out he killed
his father and married his mother.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Oedipus blinds
himself and Jocasta kills
herself.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Set in Thebes (a city in ancient
Greece)
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Antigone is the daughter of
Oedipus and Jocasta.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Antigone’s brothers, Eteokles and
Polyneces, were to rule in alternate years.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Eteokles refused to give up the throne for Polyneces at the
end of his year.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Polyneces went to Argos and raised an army to gain
the throne.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Eteokles and Polyneces killed
each other in battle.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Antigone’s uncle, Creon, became king of Thebes.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
• Antigone’s uncle, Creon, gives Eteokles, his ally, a hero’s burial and issues a decree against burying
Polyneces.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•Antigone believes that he is wrong and that both of her brothers
should be buried with honor.
Sophocles’ Sophocles’ AntigoneAntigone
•The conflict between Antigone and Creon is the basis for the
play.
Copy Only The Boxed Portion!
The EndThe End
Euripides’ Euripides’ MedeaMedea• Medea is a princess from Colchis• Medea marries Jason, who is in Colchis
on a quest for the Golden Fleece• Medea betrays her father and murders her
brother for her love of Jason• Medea has magical powers• Jason takes Medea back to his homeland,
Corinth, where they have children• Jason takes another wife, the king of
Corinth’s daughter
Jason’s Voyage on the ArgoJason’s Voyage on the Argo
Jason and Medea meet
Corinth: Where Jason and Medea settle down
Myths played a key roleMyths played a key rolein Greek dramain Greek drama
The Myths – Why they were writtenThe Myths – Why they were written
1. Explained the unexplainable
2. Justified religious practices
3. Gave credibility to leaders
4. Gave hope
5. Polytheistic (more than one god)
6. Centered around the twelve Olympians (primary Greek gods)
Explained the UnexplainableExplained the Unexplainable
• When Echo tried to get Narcissus to love her, she was denied.
• Saddened, she shriveled to nothing, her existence melting into a rock.
• Only her voice remained.
• Hence, the echo!
To justify religious practicesTo justify religious practices
• Dionysian cults in ancient Greece were founded to worship Dionysus, god of grapes, vegetation, and wine.
To give credibility to leadersTo give credibility to leaders
The Romans used myths to create family trees for their leaders,
enforcing the made-up idea that the emperors were
related to the gods and were, then,
demigods.
Mount Olympus…Mount Olympus…
…Where the
Olympians lived.
Who are the Olympians?
The Olympians Are the 12 Main The Olympians Are the 12 Main GodsGods
Tem
pera
men
ts o
f th
e O
lym
pia
ns
ZeusZeus
• King of gods• Heaven• Storms• Thunder• lightning
PoseidonPoseidon
• Zeus’s brother• King of the sea• Earthquakes• Horses
HadesHades
• Brother to Zeus and Poseidon
• King of the Underworld (Tartarus)
• Husband of Persphone
AresAres
• God of war
HephaestusHephaestus
• God of fire• Craftspeople• Metalworkers• Artisans
ApolloApollo
• God of the sun• Music• Poetry• Fine arts• Medicine
HermesHermes
• Messenger to the gods
• Trade• Commerce• Travelers• Thieves & scoundrels
HeraHera
• Queen of gods• Women• Marriage• Childbirth
DemeterDemeter
• Goddess of Harvest• Agriculture• Fertility• Fruitfulness• Mom to Persephone
HestiaHestia
• Goddess of Hearth• Home• Community
AthenaAthena
• Goddess of wisdom• Practical arts• War
AphroditeAphrodite
• Goddess of love and beauty
ArtemisArtemis
• Goddess of hunting and the moon.