GREEN ARCHITECTURE

IMPORTANT ROLE IN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

ABHISHEK KUMAR MAURYAB.ARCH 4TH YEAR 7TH SEMI.A.T.P BU , JHANSI.

SUBMITEED TO:-AR. SURJEET SINGHAR. ANKITA SINGH

GREEN ARCHITECTURE

• Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. The "green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF A "GREEN" BUILDING:• Green architecture may have many of these features:• Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling• Energy-efficient lighting and appliances• Water-saving plumbing fixtures• Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy• Minimal harm to the natural habitat• Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power• Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials used inside and out• Locally-obtained woods and stone, eliminating long-haul transportation

• Responsibly-harvested woods• Adaptive reuse of older buildings• Use of recycled architectural salvage• Efficient use of space• Optimal location on the land, maximizing sunlight, winds, and natural

sheltering• While most green buildings do not have all of these features, the highest goal

of green architecture is to be fully sustainable. Simply put, you do "green" things in order to achieve sustainability.

RELATED NAMES AND CONCEPTS:

• sustainable development• eco-design• eco-friendly architecture• earth-friendly architecture• environmental architecture• natural architecture

GREEN VERIFICATION:• Since 1993, the U.S. Green Building Council has been promoting green design.• In 2000, they created a rating system that builders, developers, and architects

can adhere to, and then apply for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. "Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points across several areas that address sustainability issues," writes the USGBC.

• "Based on the number of points achieved, a project then receives one of four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum." The certification comes with a fee, but it can be adapted and applied to any building, "from homes to corporate headquarters."

EXAMPLES OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE:• The Magney House: Energy-conserving home by Australian architect Glenn

Murcutt• US Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC• LEAFHouse: A vine-covered solar house designed by students from the

University of Maryland• Katrina Kernel Cottage II: Low-cost and energy-efficient emergency pre-fab

housing• Solar-Powered Victorian: A historic inn with high-tech photovoltaic panels• Earth House: This home in Loreto Bay, Mexico is made with compressed earth

blocks

WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN:• A building can look beautiful and even be constructed from very expensive materials, but not

be "green." Likewise, a building can be very "green" but visually unappealing. How do we get good architecture? How do we move toward what Roman architect Vitruvius suggested to be the three rules of architecture—to be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to look at?

• The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) argues that sustainability has to be part of the whole design process, from the very start of the project. They devote an entire Website to WBDG—Whole Building Design Guide at www.wbdg.org/. Design objectives are interrelated, where designing for sustainability is just one aspect. "A truly successful project is one where project goals are identified early on," they write, "and where the interdependencies of all building systems are coordinated concurrently from the planning and programming phase." Green architectural design should not be an add-on.

.• It should be the way of doing the business of creating a built environment.

NIBS suggests that these systems must be understood, evaluated, and appropriately applied:

• accessibility• aesthetics• cost-effectiveness• functional or operational• historic preservation• productivity (comfort and health of the occupants)• security and safety• sustainability

THE 2030 CHALLENGE:• Climate change will not destroy the Earth. The planet will go on for millions of years, long

after human life has expired. Climate change, however, will destroy the species of life on Earth that cannot adapt fast enough to new conditions.

• The building trades have collectively recognized its role in contributing to the greenhouse gases put into the atmosphere. For example, the manufacturing of cement, the basic ingredient in concrete, is reportedly one of the largest global contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. From poor designs to construction materials, the industry is challenged to change its ways.

• Architect Edward Mazria has taken the lead to transform the building industry from a major polluter to an agent of change. He has suspended his own architectural practice (mazria.com) to concentrate on the nonprofit organization he established in 2002. The goal set for Architecture 2030 is simply this: "All new buildings, developments, and major renovations shall be carbon-neutral by 2030."

GREEN BUILDINGS:-• What is green building? Green building, or sustainable design, is the practice of increasing

the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials, and of reducing impacts on human health and the environment for the entire lifecycle of a building. Green-building concepts extend beyond the walls of buildings and include site planning, community and land-use planning issues as well.

Why is green building important? The growth and development of our communities has a large impact on our natural environment. The manufacturing, design, construction and operation of the buildings in which we live and work are responsible for the consumption of many of our natural resources.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

• • Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems• • Improve air and water quality• • Reduce waste streams• • Conserve and restore natural resources

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

• Reduce operating costs• • Improve occupant productivity• • Enhance asset value and profits• • Optimize life-cycle economic performance

SOCIAL BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

• • Enhance occupant health and comfort• • Improve indoor air quality• • Minimize strain on local utility infrastructure• • Improve overall quality of life

THE CONCEPT OF GREEN BUILDING:

• concentrates mainly on two points:• · Increasing the efficiency with which buildings use energy, water and

materials• · Reducing building impacts of human health and the environment, through

better site selection, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal throughout the complete life cycle.

• • Going Green in Building constructions avails us many Environmental,

Economical as well as Social benefits.

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HISTORY AND COMPONENTS OF GREEN BUILDING:• The increase of fuel costs in 1970’s along with the concern for environment

kindled the awareness and encouragement towards Green Buildings. Architects and ecologists started looking for solutions like reflective roofing materials, triple-glazed windows to achieve energy savings. But with the decrease of fuel prices, the Green movement was slowed down and did not receive much encouragement. It was later in early 90’s that the movement got kick start and awareness began to spread about need for sustainable buildings. An official Green home building program started in Austin, Texas in 1991. The movement has gradually gained momentum since then and we can now find significant changes in the newer buildings.

SUSTAINABLE SITE SELECTION:• There should be easy availability of public transport and conveniences so as to cut down

energy consumption for transportation. A suitably selected site thus gets the benefit of mass transit.

• Also, rehabilitation of sites damaged by environmental contamination is a better option than any new piece of land where large amount of energy and resource is needed to make the land worthy of building on. Rehabilitation thus saves large amount of energy.

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• Already existing landscape, soil and natural features should be protected. For this reason, hard paving on the site should be avoided to preserve top soil and ease rain water harvesting. There should be minimum storm water runoff.

MATERIAL AND RESOURCES• · Sustainable construction material are chosen keeping in mind various characteristics like zero or low toxicity,

high recyclability, zero or low off gassing of harmful air emissions, durability, reused and recycled content, sustainably harvested material.

• · Dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies are used to reduce the construction costs. Construction and demolition material can be reused and recycled for e.g. inert demolition material can be used as base course for landfills. Proper planning for managing materials through deconstruction, demolition and construction is done. Efficient planning of utilities to minimize

• · Utilization of rapidly renewable materials, such as bamboo flooring, wool carpets, strawboard, cotton ball insulation (made from denim scrap), genuine linoleum flooring, or poplar oriented-strand board (OSB). Using rapid renewable helps reduce the use and depletion of finite raw material.

• · Use of materials that are available locally is preferred over materials that need to be brought from distant places. It saves transportation costs. Also, alternative materials that can be generated from waste with lesser energy is used over conventional building materials.

• For example, alternative materials for timber like MDF board, Mica Laminates and Veneers on composite boards should be used instead of natural timber. Industrial waste based bricks and blocks, aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks, Phospho-Gypsum based blocks can be used for masonry structures. Fly ash, for bricks, outdoor paving and in concrete.

WATER EFFICIENCY:• Installation of water efficient or low flow equipments in kitchens and bathrooms to reduce water

consumption.

• · Incorporating waste water management technologies like dual plumbing for using recycled water in toilet flushing or using water conserving fixtures such as low flow shower heads, self closing nozzles on hoses, water closets with dual flush options.

• · Use of Micro irrigation techniques at sites instead of high pressure sprayers.

• · Recirculation system for centralized hot water distribution.

• · For landscaping purpose, local plants and trees are used as they consume less water.

• · Provisions for reusing and recycling water are made to ensure efficient water management.

• · Using treated waste water, non potable water for site irrigation. Raw sewage can be recycled using aquatic plants like duckweed and water hyacinth to produce clean water suitable for re-use in irrigation and industry.

• · Integrating Rain water harvesting system in building design to ensure maximum possible utilization of rain water.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for equipment.

• As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance – and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies such as the U.S. LCI Database Project show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower embodied energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete, or steel.

• To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space). They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees[21] to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement (daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy costs.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENHANCEMENT• The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five

environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality

Also important to indoor air quality is the control of moisture accumulation (dampness) leading to mold growth and the presence of bacteria and viruses as well as dust mites and other organisms and microbiological concerns. Water intrusion through a building's envelope or water condensing on cold surfaces on the building's interior can enhance and sustain microbial growth. A well-insulated and tightly sealed envelope will reduce moisture problems but adequate ventilation is also necessary to eliminate moisture from sources indoors including human metabolic processes, cooking, bathing, cleaning, and other activities.

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION• No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can

only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly. Ensuring operations and maintenance(O&M) personnel are part of the project's planning and development process will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project.Every aspect of green building is integrated into the O&M phase of a building's life. The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be applied during the design, construction and demolition phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in the O&M phase that green practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take place. O&M staff should aim to establish best practices in energy efficiency, resource conservation, ecologically sensitive products and other sustainable practices. Education of building operators and occupants is key to effective implementation of sustainable strategies in O&M services

WASTE REDUCTION

• Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from commercial buildings During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.

• To reduce the amount of wood that goes to landfill, Neutral Alliance (a coalition of government, NGOs and the forest industry) created the website dontwastewood.com. The site includes a variety of resources for regulators, municipalities, developers, contractors, owner/operators and individuals/homeowners looking for information on wood recycling.

REDUCE IMPACT ONTO ELECTRICITY NETWORK

• Electricity networks are built based on peak demand (another name is peak load). Peak demand is measured in the units of watts (W). It shows how fast electrical energy is consumed. Residential electricity is often charged on electrical energy (kilowatt hour, kWh). Green buildings or sustainable buildings are often capable of saving electrical energy but not necessarily reducing peak demand.

• When sustainable building features are designed, constructed and operated efficiently, peak demand can be reduced so that there is less desire for electricity network expansion and there is less impact onto carbon emission and climate change. These sustainable features can be good orientation, sufficient indoor thermal mass, good insulation, photovoltaic panels, thermal or electrical energy storage systems, smart building (home) energy management systems.

COST AND PAYOFF

• The most criticized issue about constructing environmentally friendly buildings is the price. Photo-voltaics, new appliances, and modern technologies tend to cost more money. Most green buildings cost a premium of <2%, but yield 10 times as much over the entire life of the building. In regards to the financial benefits of green building, “Over 20 years, the financial payback typically exceeds the additional cost of greening by a factor of 4-6 times. And broader benefits, such as reductions in greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other pollutants have large positive impacts on surrounding communities and on the planet.” The stigma is between the knowledge of up-front cost vs. life-cycle cost. The savings in money come from more efficient use of utilities which result in decreased energy bills. It is projected that different sectors could save $130 Billion on energy bills.Also, higher worker or student productivity can be factored into savings and cost deductions.

REGULATION AND OPERATION• As a result of the increased interest in green building concepts and practices, a number of

organizations have developed standards, codes and rating systems that let government regulators, building professionals and consumers embrace green building with confidence. In some cases, codes are written so local governments can adopt them as bylaws to reduce the local environmental impact of buildings.

• Green building rating systems such as BREEAM (United Kingdom), LEED (United States and Canada), DGNB (Germany), CASBEE (Japan), and VERDEGBCe (Spain) help consumers determine a structure’s level of environmental performance. They award credits for optional building features that support green design in categories such as location and maintenance of building site, conservation of water, energy, and building materials, and occupant comfort and health. The number of credits generally determines the level of achievement.

• Green building codes and standards, such as the International Code Council’s draft International Green Construction Code, are sets of rules created by standards development organizations that establish minimum requirements for elements of green building such as materials or heating and cooling.

THANK YOU• .