Green Building Design
Scott LoweProfessor
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
Manhattan College
Buildings are Complex Systems !
1. Site
• High density urban
• Extreme slope
A Green Site?
• Brownfield
Not Green
• Pristine land
2. Foundations
• Building load must be spread out or transferred to rock
• Footings• Piles• Caissons
• Reinforced concrete
• wood
3. Electrical
4. Mechanical
• HVAC
5. Plumbing
• Water supply– Cold water– Hot water
• Wastewater collection• Heating pipes• Gas• Fire system
6. Interior
• floors
• Internal walls• Finish – walls/floor
7. Exterior
How Green is my Building?
• US Green Building Council established the LEED rating system in 1998
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• Points system
LEED System (New Building)
• Site (26 pts)• Water (10 pts)• Energy (35 pts)• Materials (14 pts)• Indoor Quality (15 pts)
• Rating out of 100• 40-49 certified• 50-59 silver• 60-79 gold• 80+ platinum
LEED Site example
• Bike racks• Changing rooms
LEED Water example
• landscaping
LEED Energy example
• Generate energy
LEED Materials example
• recycled
LEED Indoor Quality example
• Natural light
Energy
• Buildings consume massive amounts of energy• 40% of all US energy• 70% of all US electricity• Where is it used?
Sizzling Hot Energy Topics
• Do it more efficiently• Generate your own• Keep your heat but• Don’t lose your cool
EfficiencyEfficient HVAC systems
– Use high efficiency systems– 90%+ possible– High capital cost– Will pay this back – Not sexy
Create Energy
• Solar - active
Solar - passive• Trombe wall
Solar – hot water
Geothermal
• ~6 ft below ground the temperature is ~50OF all year
• Run water pipes through ground• In summer hot water enters ground – cool
exits• Use this to cool air for the HVAC system• In winter reverse process
GeothermalPipingInstallation~6 ft underground
CEEN201: Green Building Design
Excavation for geothermal pipe field
CEEN201: Green Building Design
Geothermal heat exchanger
CEEN201: Green Building Design
Geothermal heat exchanger
CEEN201: Green Building Design
Geothermal lake construction
Sherman Hospital Illinois
Keep Your Heat
• and don’t lose your cool• Insulate, insulate, insulate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!• Biggest bang for your $
Heat Transfer 101
• Heat moves from hotcold• Driven by temp gradient• Analogous to fluid flow (high P to low P)• And dispersion (high Conc. to low Conc.)
Q = A DT R
Q = heat flow Btu/hrDT = temp difference oFA = wall area ft2
R = resistance oF - ft2 / (Btu/hr)
Insulation
• Typical building codes– Walls R-19– Roofs R-30
• R values for each layer is added up
R Value of a house exterior wall• ½” sheetrock + 3 ½ “
insulation + ½” plywood + wood siding + tyvek
• R = 0.45 + 11 + 0.63 + 0.8 + 0.85
• R value = 13.73
Windows
• Poor insulators• Building Code = double pane• Leaks are a problem• Single pane of ¼” glass, R= 0.9• With storm, R=2• Double pane ~2• Triple pane ~3
Water
• Water supply• Under pressure
Collection System
• Only 1 drainage system• Toilets• Shower• Bath• Sinks• Laundry• Dishwasher• Floor drains
Black and Grey water
Black• Can NEVER be reused• Goes to sewer system
• Toilet• Kitchen sink• Dish washer
Grey• Can be reused but NOT for
drinking• Flush toilets, water gardens
• Shower• Wash basin• Laundry
Complex to re-plumb existing buildings
• Need to create 2 drainage systems
• Need to store and distribute grey water
• Tanks and pumps• Clean water back-up in
case not enough grey water
• Etc,etc
Roofs can be Green
• Or black or white or blue
White Roof
Blue Roof
The End
• Bank Of America Tower• 1200 ft tall, 55 floors• 2.1 million ft2
• LEED platinum