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Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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Exposición sobre Química Verde de la Universidad de Bradford, Reino Unido
47
7/17/2019 Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/green-chemistrybradford-uk 1/47 G C C B B , , A , I
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Page 1: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983142983151983154 B983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

B983141983158 983116983157983139983137983155 983124983137983155983150983145983149 983117983157983150983155983144983145 A983149983161 983122983145983140983148983141983161 I983137983150 983123983139983151983159983141983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 247

983105 983123983157983138983146983141983139983156 983116983137983157983150983139983144 983142983151983154

983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983156 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull HEFCEC983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 = 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139983137983148983148983161 I983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156 983126983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141 983123983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash F983157983150983140983141983140 983140983141983149983137983150983140983085983154983137983145983155983145983150983143 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156983155 983145983150 983152983144983161983155983145983139983155 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

983141983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 983149983137983156983144983141983149983137983156983145983139983155 983137983150983140 983149983151983140983141983154983150 983142983151983154983141983145983143983150 983148983137983150983143983157983137983143983141983155

ndash 991260F1991261 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143 983142983151983154 HE

bull F983157983150983140983137983149983141983150983156983137983148 983155983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983156 983156983144983141 983139983151983154983141 983151983142 983150983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983141983139983151983150983151983149983161

Chemistry for Our Futurebull UAC Spectroscopy Daysbull BfdLeeds Future Elementsbull WY Aim Higher Primarybull Level 4 Progression for GampT

Re-Launch of Chemistrybull 2007 increase in UCAS chemistry

applications of 117bull STEM at the heart of UoB futurebull Large lsquovirtualrsquo chemistry presence

bull CFS PPC AGES IPI ICT

bull ldquo40 chemistry academicsrdquo

983137983150 983157 983157983154983141 983154983137983150 983137 983141983150983143983141983155 ndash E983150983141983154983143983161 E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 B983145983151983156983141983139983144

ndash I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983141 991256983144983145983143983144 983158983137983148983157983141991257 983144983151983149983141 amp 983152983141983154983155983151983150983137983148 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983155

ndash 983117983141983137983155983157983154983141983149983141983150983156 983121C amp A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 447

983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983116983151983150983143983085983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983155983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983152983154983151983158983145983155983145983151983150 991251 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 F983151983139983157983155

bull A983152983152983148983145983141983140 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 C983151983148983151983157983154 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983137983150983140 F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

ndash 983116983145983150983147983137983143983141 983156983151 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 I983150983145983156983145983137983156983145983158983141983155

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150

Career Destination Statistics for Graduates

Chemistry at Bradford

0

20

40

60

80

100

200203 200304 200405 200506 200607

In Employment In Futher Study Training

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 C983137983150983139983141983154 983124983144983141983154983137983152983141983157983156983145983139983155bull 983125983150983145983158983141983154983155983145983156983161 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 C983141983150983156983154983141

bull I983122C 983120983151983148983161983149983141983154 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143

ndash E983160983139983141983152983156983145983151983150983137983148 G983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 547

983120983151983155983145983156983145983151983150983145983150983143 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983156 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

bull 983120983141983154983139983141983145983158983141983140 983123983156983154983141983150983143983156983144983155 983137983156 B983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash I983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161 983151983142 983139983151983157983154983155983141983155

ndash A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150983085983142983151983139983157983155 983151983142 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 983137983154983156983150983141983154983155983144983145 983155Extend practical and vocational training

Relate chemistry to employerrsquos requirements

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 647

983118983141983159 983124983137983157983143983144983156 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155 983145983150 200809

983125983111 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983142983151983154991270

ndash A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash D983154983157983143 D983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141

983117983123983139 983105983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

983105983154983139983144983137983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983109983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983141 983139 983150983141983155 983141983158983141 983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983120983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull B983123983139 983141983160983145983156983155 983152983151983155983155983145983138983148983141 983142983154983151983149 983138983151983156983144983117C983144983141983149 983152983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 747

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 847

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983141 991256983109983150983140983085983151983150991257 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 947

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1047

983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1147

983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1347

90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1647

983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1847

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

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983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 2: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull HEFCEC983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 = 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139983137983148983148983161 I983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156 983126983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141 983123983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash F983157983150983140983141983140 983140983141983149983137983150983140983085983154983137983145983155983145983150983143 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156983155 983145983150 983152983144983161983155983145983139983155 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

983141983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 983149983137983156983144983141983149983137983156983145983139983155 983137983150983140 983149983151983140983141983154983150 983142983151983154983141983145983143983150 983148983137983150983143983157983137983143983141983155

ndash 991260F1991261 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143 983142983151983154 HE

bull F983157983150983140983137983149983141983150983156983137983148 983155983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983156 983156983144983141 983139983151983154983141 983151983142 983150983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983141983139983151983150983151983149983161

Chemistry for Our Futurebull UAC Spectroscopy Daysbull BfdLeeds Future Elementsbull WY Aim Higher Primarybull Level 4 Progression for GampT

Re-Launch of Chemistrybull 2007 increase in UCAS chemistry

applications of 117bull STEM at the heart of UoB futurebull Large lsquovirtualrsquo chemistry presence

bull CFS PPC AGES IPI ICT

bull ldquo40 chemistry academicsrdquo

983137983150 983157 983157983154983141 983154983137983150 983137 983141983150983143983141983155 ndash E983150983141983154983143983161 E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 B983145983151983156983141983139983144

ndash I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983141 991256983144983145983143983144 983158983137983148983157983141991257 983144983151983149983141 amp 983152983141983154983155983151983150983137983148 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983155

ndash 983117983141983137983155983157983154983141983149983141983150983156 983121C amp A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 447

983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983116983151983150983143983085983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983155983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983152983154983151983158983145983155983145983151983150 991251 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 F983151983139983157983155

bull A983152983152983148983145983141983140 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 C983151983148983151983157983154 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983137983150983140 F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

ndash 983116983145983150983147983137983143983141 983156983151 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 I983150983145983156983145983137983156983145983158983141983155

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150

Career Destination Statistics for Graduates

Chemistry at Bradford

0

20

40

60

80

100

200203 200304 200405 200506 200607

In Employment In Futher Study Training

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 C983137983150983139983141983154 983124983144983141983154983137983152983141983157983156983145983139983155bull 983125983150983145983158983141983154983155983145983156983161 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 C983141983150983156983154983141

bull I983122C 983120983151983148983161983149983141983154 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143

ndash E983160983139983141983152983156983145983151983150983137983148 G983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 547

983120983151983155983145983156983145983151983150983145983150983143 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983156 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

bull 983120983141983154983139983141983145983158983141983140 983123983156983154983141983150983143983156983144983155 983137983156 B983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash I983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161 983151983142 983139983151983157983154983155983141983155

ndash A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150983085983142983151983139983157983155 983151983142 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 983137983154983156983150983141983154983155983144983145 983155Extend practical and vocational training

Relate chemistry to employerrsquos requirements

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 647

983118983141983159 983124983137983157983143983144983156 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155 983145983150 200809

983125983111 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983142983151983154991270

ndash A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash D983154983157983143 D983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141

983117983123983139 983105983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

983105983154983139983144983137983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983109983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983141 983139 983150983141983155 983141983158983141 983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983120983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull B983123983139 983141983160983145983156983155 983152983151983155983155983145983138983148983141 983142983154983151983149 983138983151983156983144983117C983144983141983149 983152983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 747

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 847

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983141 991256983109983150983140983085983151983150991257 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 947

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1047

983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1147

983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1247

300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1347

90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1447

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1547

983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1647

983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1747

Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1847

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1947

983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2047

983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

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983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 3: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull HEFCEC983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 = 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139983137983148983148983161 I983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156 983126983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141 983123983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash F983157983150983140983141983140 983140983141983149983137983150983140983085983154983137983145983155983145983150983143 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156983155 983145983150 983152983144983161983155983145983139983155 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

983141983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 983149983137983156983144983141983149983137983156983145983139983155 983137983150983140 983149983151983140983141983154983150 983142983151983154983141983145983143983150 983148983137983150983143983157983137983143983141983155

ndash 991260F1991261 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143 983142983151983154 HE

bull F983157983150983140983137983149983141983150983156983137983148 983155983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983156 983156983144983141 983139983151983154983141 983151983142 983150983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983141983139983151983150983151983149983161

Chemistry for Our Futurebull UAC Spectroscopy Daysbull BfdLeeds Future Elementsbull WY Aim Higher Primarybull Level 4 Progression for GampT

Re-Launch of Chemistrybull 2007 increase in UCAS chemistry

applications of 117bull STEM at the heart of UoB futurebull Large lsquovirtualrsquo chemistry presence

bull CFS PPC AGES IPI ICT

bull ldquo40 chemistry academicsrdquo

983137983150 983157 983157983154983141 983154983137983150 983137 983141983150983143983141983155 ndash E983150983141983154983143983161 E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 B983145983151983156983141983139983144

ndash I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983141 991256983144983145983143983144 983158983137983148983157983141991257 983144983151983149983141 amp 983152983141983154983155983151983150983137983148 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983155

ndash 983117983141983137983155983157983154983141983149983141983150983156 983121C amp A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983155

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983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983116983151983150983143983085983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983155983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983152983154983151983158983145983155983145983151983150 991251 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 F983151983139983157983155

bull A983152983152983148983145983141983140 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 C983151983148983151983157983154 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983137983150983140 F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

ndash 983116983145983150983147983137983143983141 983156983151 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 I983150983145983156983145983137983156983145983158983141983155

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150

Career Destination Statistics for Graduates

Chemistry at Bradford

0

20

40

60

80

100

200203 200304 200405 200506 200607

In Employment In Futher Study Training

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 C983137983150983139983141983154 983124983144983141983154983137983152983141983157983156983145983139983155bull 983125983150983145983158983141983154983155983145983156983161 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 C983141983150983156983154983141

bull I983122C 983120983151983148983161983149983141983154 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143

ndash E983160983139983141983152983156983145983151983150983137983148 G983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 547

983120983151983155983145983156983145983151983150983145983150983143 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983156 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

bull 983120983141983154983139983141983145983158983141983140 983123983156983154983141983150983143983156983144983155 983137983156 B983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash I983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161 983151983142 983139983151983157983154983155983141983155

ndash A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150983085983142983151983139983157983155 983151983142 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 983137983154983156983150983141983154983155983144983145 983155Extend practical and vocational training

Relate chemistry to employerrsquos requirements

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 647

983118983141983159 983124983137983157983143983144983156 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155 983145983150 200809

983125983111 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983142983151983154991270

ndash A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash D983154983157983143 D983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141

983117983123983139 983105983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

983105983154983139983144983137983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983109983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983141 983139 983150983141983155 983141983158983141 983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983120983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull B983123983139 983141983160983145983156983155 983152983151983155983155983145983138983148983141 983142983154983151983149 983138983151983156983144983117C983144983141983149 983152983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 747

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 847

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983141 991256983109983150983140983085983151983150991257 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 947

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1047

983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1147

983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1247

300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1347

90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1447

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1547

983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1647

983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1747

Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1847

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1947

983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2047

983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 4: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983127983144983161 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983127983144983161 983118983151983159

bull 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983116983151983150983143983085983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983155983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983152983154983151983158983145983155983145983151983150 991251 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 F983151983139983157983155

bull A983152983152983148983145983141983140 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 C983151983148983151983157983154 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull C983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983137983150983140 F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

ndash 983116983145983150983147983137983143983141 983156983151 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983139 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 I983150983145983156983145983137983156983145983158983141983155

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 I983150983150983151983158983137983156983145983151983150

Career Destination Statistics for Graduates

Chemistry at Bradford

0

20

40

60

80

100

200203 200304 200405 200506 200607

In Employment In Futher Study Training

bull I983150983155983156983145983156983157983156983141 983151983142 C983137983150983139983141983154 983124983144983141983154983137983152983141983157983156983145983139983155bull 983125983150983145983158983141983154983155983145983156983161 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 C983141983150983156983154983141

bull I983122C 983120983151983148983161983149983141983154 E983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143

ndash E983160983139983141983152983156983145983151983150983137983148 G983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

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983120983151983155983145983156983145983151983150983145983150983143 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983156 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

bull 983120983141983154983139983141983145983158983141983140 983123983156983154983141983150983143983156983144983155 983137983156 B983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash I983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161 983151983142 983139983151983157983154983155983141983155

ndash A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150983085983142983151983139983157983155 983151983142 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 983137983154983156983150983141983154983155983144983145 983155Extend practical and vocational training

Relate chemistry to employerrsquos requirements

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983118983141983159 983124983137983157983143983144983156 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155 983145983150 200809

983125983111 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983142983151983154991270

ndash A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash D983154983157983143 D983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141

983117983123983139 983105983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

983105983154983139983144983137983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983109983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983141 983139 983150983141983155 983141983158983141 983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983120983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull B983123983139 983141983160983145983156983155 983152983151983155983155983145983138983148983141 983142983154983151983149 983138983151983156983144983117C983144983141983149 983152983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 747

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 847

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983141 991256983109983150983140983085983151983150991257 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 947

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1047

983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1147

983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1247

300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1347

90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1447

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1547

983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1647

983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1747

Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1847

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1947

983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2047

983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

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983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

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E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 5: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983120983151983155983145983156983145983151983150983145983150983143 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983156 983106983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

bull 983120983141983154983139983141983145983158983141983140 983123983156983154983141983150983143983156983144983155 983137983156 B983154983137983140983142983151983154983140

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash I983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161 983151983142 983139983151983157983154983155983141983155

ndash A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150983085983142983151983139983157983155 983151983142 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983157983139983139983141983155983155983142983157983148 983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 983137983154983156983150983141983154983155983144983145 983155Extend practical and vocational training

Relate chemistry to employerrsquos requirements

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983118983141983159 983124983137983157983143983144983156 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155 983145983150 200809

983125983111 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983142983151983154991270

ndash A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash D983154983157983143 D983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141

983117983123983139 983105983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

983105983154983139983144983137983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983109983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983141 983139 983150983141983155 983141983158983141 983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983120983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull B983123983139 983141983160983145983156983155 983152983151983155983155983145983138983148983141 983142983154983151983149 983138983151983156983144983117C983144983141983149 983152983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

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bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2047

983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 6: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983118983141983159 983124983137983157983143983144983156 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155 983145983150 200809

983125983111 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

bull 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983142983151983154991270

ndash A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash D983154983157983143 D983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash F983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141

983117983123983139 983105983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148 983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155

983105983154983139983144983137983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983109983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

983120983144983137983154983149983137983139983141983157983156983145983139983137983148 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983141 983139 983150983141983155 983141983158983141 983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983120983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

ndash 983117983107983144983141983149 983138983161 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull B983123983139 983141983160983145983156983155 983152983151983155983155983145983138983148983141 983142983154983151983149 983138983151983156983144983117C983144983141983149 983152983137983156983144983159983137983161983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983141 991256983109983150983140983085983151983150991257 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

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983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3847

983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3947

Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 4047

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 7: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983141 991256983109983150983140983085983151983150991257 983120983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

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983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

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983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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bull F983157983148983148 983161983141983137983154 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156

bull I983150983140983157983155983156983154983161983085983144983151983155983156983141983140 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

bull 983122983141983155983141983137983154983139983144 C983141983150983156983154983141 983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156983155

ndash 983105983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983108983154983157983143 983108983145983155983139983151983158983141983154983161

ndash 983120983144983137983154983149983137 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

ndash 983110983151983154983141983150983155983145983139

bull 983123983144983151983154983156 983139983151983157983154983155983141 991256983154983141983148983141983137983155983141991257 983142983151983154 983156983137983157983143983144983156 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

bull E983160983152983141983154983145983141983150983156983145983137983148 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 991251 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 D983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 (20983139983154)

ndash A983139983139983154983141983140983145983156983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983144983151983155983156 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983140983154983145983158983141983150 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983152983151983154983156983142983151983148983145983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 947

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1047

983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1147

983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1247

300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1347

90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1447

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1547

983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1647

983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1747

Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1847

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1947

983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2047

983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 9: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

991256983123983144983151983157983148983140 983159983141 983138983151983156983144983141983154991257

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983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3847

983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 10: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

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C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

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90

Mt

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httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

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E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983111983154983141983141983150983144983151983157983155983141 983143983137983155 983141983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983155 983138983161 983155983141983139983156983151983154

983117983137983150983157983142983137983139983156983157983154983145983150983143 I983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983141983155 983137983150983140 C983151983150983155983156983154983157983139983156983145983151983150983149983145983148983148983145983151983150 983156983151983150983150983141983155 C9831192 983141983153983157983145983158983137983148983141983150983156

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1347

90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1447

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1547

983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1647

983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1747

Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1847

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 1947

983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

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4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

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65 825175 1683

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983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 12: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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300

350

400

I983150983140983141983160 983151983142 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155 983138983161 983156983151983160983145983139983145983156983161 983139983148983137983155983155

E983125 (27 983139983151983157983150983156983154983145983141983155)

983124983151983160983145983139 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

983149 983145 983148 983145 983151 983150 983156 983151 983150 983150 983141 983155

983151 983137 983152983154983151 983157983139 983151983150 983151 983139 983141983149 983139983137 983155

983124983151983156983137983148 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983117983122 983085 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

C983144983154983151983150983145983139 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983126983141983154983161 983156983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

983124983151983160983145983139 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

H983137983154983149983142983157983148 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148983155

httpeppeurostateceuropaeuportalpageportaleurostathome

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90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

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bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3947

Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 4047

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

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983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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90

Mt

983112983137983162983137983154983140983151983157983155 983159983137983155983156983141 983152983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983085 983125983115

httpunstatsunorgunsdENVIRONMENTqindicatorshtm

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

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bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

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Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3847

983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3947

Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 4047

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 14: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

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983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 15: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161 983108983154983145983158983141983154983155

Accenture Executive Survey on Climate Change 2008

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983120983157983155983144983085983152983157983148983148

BBDO Consulting global CSR practice (2008)

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 17: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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Manufacturing Standards

Manufacturing standards and risks directives bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control (IPPC) Directive(Environmental Permitting Regs) bull Large Combustion Plant Directive bull Waste Incineration Directive bull Solvent EmissionsDirective amp Titanium Dioxide DirectivesTo be consumed into the Industrial Emissions Directive in 2012 ndash 2014

Other relevant directives include bull Waste Electrical amp Electronic Equipment Directive bull Waste Framework Directive bullClean Air for Europe Directive bull Water Framework Directive bull UK - Contaminated Land Regimebull EU Seveso Directive ndash UK COMAH ndash Control of Major Hazards Regulations 1999 bull Integrated Pollution Prevention amp Control - Environmentalpermitting regulations

Product Standards

bull REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals Regulation ndash started in 2007

983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983148983137983150983140983155983139983137983152983141

bull CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals Regulation ndash starting in December 2010

Specific regulatory controls are also in place for chemicals used as actives in biocides (1998) pesticides (2005) foodingredients (1989) and pharmaceuticals (1968)

Regulatory limitations in specific applications bull Cosmetics and personal care bull Detergents bull Toys bull Batteries bull Paints bullElectronic and electric goods bull Aerosols bull Ecolabels bull Import and Export of Dangerous Chemicals bull Energy relatedproducts bull Food contact

Climate Change and Energy

EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) bull Carbon allowances allocated to date but phase III will move to an auctioningbasis except for certain ldquoexposedrdquo sub sectors bull Full trading of carbon allowances now relatively matureClimate Change Levy (CCL) bull A levy on commercial energy use bull 80 relief from CCL soon to change to 65 relief bullCCA availability subject to PPC part A process (Pollution Prevention and Control regulation)Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) bull To begin in April 2010 bull Main focus is high energy using but low energyintensive sectors All companies using more than 6000 MW electricity in 2008 bull Allowances to be bought at pound12tonne

CO2 and revenue recycled according to performance bull Phase 2 will move to full auctioning of allowances

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7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2047

983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2147

983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2247

983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2347

983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 18: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 19: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983111983154983137983150983140 983107983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161

983145983150 983156983144983141 983107983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983113983150983140983157983155983156983154983161

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training

bull Today it is still relatively segregated and marginalized in the study ofecology and other environmental sciences

bull In management education the actions are segregated (and thereforemarginalized) in Environment Health and Safety (EHampS) offices or indebates about ethics and social responsibility

bull As central topics in the science communities and related to the healthand stability of societies today these issues are migrating to the core

of corporate strategy but education has not kept up

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 20: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983106983137983154983154983145983141983154983155 983137983150983140 983111983151983137983148983155

A number of barriers to change are commonly perceived

bull Mature products and processes that make innovation risky difficult orunwarranted

bull Lack of reliable metrics to drive decision making and quantification of societal

impact

bull Economic pay-offs are too distant and not well understood

Goals for sustainabilit literac and education must include

bull Supporting the research agenda hellip through education about underlying driversand science innovation

bull Stimulating demand for environmentally benign technology among industrialscientists business people and consumers

bull Advocating a better understanding of the science challenges and opportunities

associated with sustainability within the chemical enterprisehellip

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

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4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 21: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983113983150983156983141983154983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

bull Need for new skills to assess and develop new technologiesthat offer high performance and have a minimal environmentalfootprint

bull life cycle assessmentbull toxicology

bull A strong component of interdisciplinary research that helps students learn to integratetheir work with other disciplines while contributing to the development of a knowledgebase needed to address sustainability challenges In particular activities that getchemists and chemical engineers working together should be included

bull A strategic approach that encourages students to apply their basic chemistry

knowledge to real problems and provide them with familiarity of business thinking andindustrial practices business opportunities and challenges

bull An emphasis on skills such as communication and teamwork that are needed to workeffectively with a broad range of professionals

bull A basic understanding of hellip risk assessment methods associated with the biologicalimpacts on natural systems resulting from new compositions of matter and routes ofexposure

Committee on Grand Challenges for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry (2005)NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 22: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150

Potential approaches for integrating green chemistry intoexisting courses and curricula

bull Develop new course modules around green chemistry

bull Depth into the subject

bull Often treated as an optionelective and therefore does not impact whole cohort

bull Integrate green chemistry into existing courses both within the classroom and thelaboratory

bull Requires creativity for introducing the subject

bull Difficult to establish a holistic learning experience

bull Student-centred learning seeking alternatives to established methods

bull Develops experience of working across boundaries

bull Can integrate effectively with problem-based and group learning agenda

bull Encourages students to evaluate information

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

983137 983139983151983154983141 983155983147983145983148983148 983142983151983154 983152983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983155

The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

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E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983113983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 991251

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The metrics of green chemistry provide a core challengehellip

Key challengesbull Data quality and availabilitybull Diversitybull One-size fits all

A good measurement systems (metric) needs to bebull Applicablebull Scalablebull Understandablebull Reproduciblebull Descriptive of all dimensions of the sustainability environment

ldquoIn order to change something you have to be able to measure it and you have tobe able to do it quantitativelyhelliprdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2447

Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2547

G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2647

983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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Sustainable Development represents a real challenge

bull A systemic change

bull solutions that integrate fully the needs of the economy society and theenvironment beyond minimisation of negative impacts of its productsand processes

983124983144983141 983141983140983157983139983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983139983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141

bull Creative and innovative approachbull Requires demonstration (to industries and associated supply chains) that

real positive contributions to the Sustainable Development agenda canhave real positive effects on companies and their ultimate profitability

Therefore it is important that Sustainable Development is embedded intoinnovation and education processes

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G983154983141983141983150983145983150983143 983156983144983141 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149bull 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156 983144983137983155 983145983150983158983151983148983158983141983140 983156983144983141 983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

bull 983122983141983158983145983141983159 983151983142 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141

bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983124983144983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983151983142 983137 983155983141983156 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156 983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983141983160983141983154983139983145983155983141983155

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983116983137983138 983105983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2747

E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2847

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

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3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

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983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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1 983118A 0

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4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

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983129983145983141983148983140

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0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull 983118983141983141983140983155 A983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

ndash 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 ndash 983123983156983137983142983142

ndash E983149983152983148983151983161983141983154983155

bull I983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983155983156983137983143983141983155 983142983151983154 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

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983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 2947

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3047

I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3147

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3247

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3347

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3447

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3547

Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3647

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3747

983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3847

983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 3947

Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgreen-chemistrybradford-uk 4047

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

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bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 26: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983089983090 983120983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983111983154983141983141983150 983107983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983120983151983155983156983141983154 983107983137983149983152983137983145983143983150

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

983145983150983139983148983157983155983145983151983150 983145983150983156983151 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149

bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

983149983151983140983157983148983141 983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983117983123983139 A983150983137983148983161983156983145983139983137983148

983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

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Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

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983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 27: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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E983160983152983141983139983156983141983140 983119983157983156983152983157983156983155bull 983123983157983154983158983141983161 983137983150983140 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155 983151983142 983150983141983141983140983155 983142983151983154 983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141 983141983150983143983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983142983151983154

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983085983139983141983150983156983154983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983149983137983156983141983154983145983137983148 983142983151983154 983137983157983140983145983156 983151983142 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983155

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bull I983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141983140 983156983154983137983145983150983145983150983143 983152983137983139983147983137983143983141 983145983150 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983145983155983156983145983150983143

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983123983139983145983141983150983139983141983155 983137983150983140 983117C983144983141983149 C9831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

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bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

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Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

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ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

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bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

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983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 28: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull F983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983137983156983156983141983150983140983141983140 983142983151983139983157983155 983143983154983151983157983152983155 983137983150983140 983159983141983154983141

983137983155983147983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983148983148 983151983157983156 983153983157983141983155983156983145983151983150983150983137983145983154983141983155

bull 983124983144983141 983149983137983145983150 983137983145983149 983151983142 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983141983155983155983145983151983150983155 983159983141983154983141

ndash 983156983151 983143983137983145983150 983137983150 983157983150983140983141983154983155983156983137983150983140983145983150983143 983151983142 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983141 983137983159983137983154983141 983151983142 983156983144983141 983159983137983161 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156983148983161 983159983151983154983147 983145983150

983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147

Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147bull 983124983144983141 983155983157983154983158983141983161 983155983144983151983159983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155

ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

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983117983137983155983155

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0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 29: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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Im aware of Green Chemistry

34

I think Green Chem istry is important

10

15

20

25

30

b e r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

66

Yes

No

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u

ldquoI believe that it is important and

that I do not know enough about itrdquo

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

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ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

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7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

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D983141983158983141983148983151983152

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bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

Page 30: Green Chemistry_Bradford, UK

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I would like to learn more about Green Chemistry

15

20

25

30

r o f p e o p l e

bull First year Chemistry Students

983123983156983157983140983141983150983156 983120983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150 amp F983141983141983140983138983137983139983147I think future em ployers w ill require me to have a knowledge

of Green Chem istry

10

15

20

o f p e o p l e

0

5

10

Strongly agree Agree No strong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N

u m b

ldquoWe need to be educated to save our

environmentrdquo

0

5

Strongly

agree

Agree No s trong

feeling

Disagree Strongly

disagree

Response

N u m

b e r

ldquoWith knowledge comes responsibility if

we are required to be responsible green

chemistry will have a greater positive

impact on making a key differencerdquo

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ndash 983137983154983141 983147983141983141983150 983156983151 983148983141983137983154983150 983137983138983151983157983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983158983145983141983159 983145983156 983137983155 983137983150 983145983149983152983151983154983156983137983150983156

983155983157983138983146983141983139983156

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141 983156983144983137983156 983156983144983141983161 983144983137983158983141 983137 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983145983148983145983156983161 983156983151 983138983141 983143983154983141983141983150

ndash

983154983141983153983157983145983154983141 983147983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983151983142

ndash 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983137983156 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983139983137983150 983144983141983148983152 983156983151 983155983151983148983158983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983152983154983151983138983148983141983149983155

ndash 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983152983154983141983152983137983154983141983140 983156983151 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983156983144983141983145983154 983139983157983154983154983141983150983156 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161 983152983154983137983139983156983145983155983141 983145983150 983151983154983140983141983154

983156983151 983145983150983139983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161

ndash 983138983141983148983145983141983158983141983140 983156983144983137983156 983154983141983140983157983139983145983150983143 983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983159983137983155983156983141 983159983137983155 983156983144983141 983142983145983154983155983156 983155983156983141983152 983156983151 983138983141983139983151983149983145983150983143

983149983151983154983141 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145983138983148983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

983085 983124983144983141 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983124983141983156983154983137983145983151983140983151983156983145983150 (I983126)983124983159983151 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141

983085 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983139983151983149983152983137983154983141 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150983155

983156983151 983155983157983143983143983141983155983156 983159983144983145983139983144 983159983151983157983148983140 983138983141 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983141983140 983156983151 983138983141 983149983151983155983156

983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148983148983161 983142983154983145983141983150983140983148983161

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Green Chemistry Metrics

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

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0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

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983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

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3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

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1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

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983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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1 983118A 0

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4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

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0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

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4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull C983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155

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983085 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

bull A983145983149 E983160983152983148983151983154983141 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983137983150983140 983155983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142

983155983151983148983158983141983150983156 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149 983137 983148983145983153983157983145983140

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bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161

983129983151983157 983144983137983158983141 983146983157983155983156 983139983137983154983154983145983141983140 983151983157983156 983156983144983141 983137983138983151983158983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983150983151983159 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983142983151983148983148983151983159983145983150983143

983085

E983149983138983141983140983140983145983150983143 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983145983148983145983156983161 amp E983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148

A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983156983151 983156983144983141 983149983151983155983156 983144983137983154983149983142983157983148 983145983150 983156983141983154983149983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140

983141983160983152983151983155983157983154983141 983156983151 983152983141983151983152983148983141 983157983155983145983150983143 983156983144983141983149

4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

983140983151 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983156983144983145983155 983154983141983148983137983156983141983155 983156983151

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

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4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

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2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

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65 825175 1683

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983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

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983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

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0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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bull 983119983156983144983141983154 983139983157983154983154983145983139983157983148983157983149 983141983160983137983149983152983148983141983155 983156983151 983154983137983145983155983141 983141983150983158983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983137983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

bull D983145983154983141983139983156983141983140 983148983141983137983154983150983145983150983143 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983161 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156 983123983151983148983158983141983150983156

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2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

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4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

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983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

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4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

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4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

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983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155

2 983124983144983145983155 983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983157983155983141983155 983137 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983151983142 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983140983157983154983145983150983143 983141983160983156983154983137983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140983154983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983156983144983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983157983155983141983140 983145983150 983156983144983141 983141983160983152983141983154983145983149983141983150983156

3 983120983148983137983139983141 983156983144983141983155983141 983155983151983148983158983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983156983144983141 983151983154983140983141983154 983151983142 983159983144983145983139983144 983161983151983157 983156983144983145983150983147 983145983155 983156983144983141 983148983141983137983155983156

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4 983116983151983151983147 983137983156 983156983144983141 983156983159983141983148983158983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983151983142 983143983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983159983144983145983139983144 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

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bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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Green Chemistry Metrics

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

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983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

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bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983151983142983142983141983154 983137 983159983137983161 983156983151 983153983157983137983150983156983145983142983161 983144983151983159 991256983143983154983141983141983150991257 983137

983139983144983141983149983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155 983145983155

bull G983154983141983141983150 983139983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150 983138983141 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983157983150983140983141983154983143983154983137983140983157983137983156983141

983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983137983148983148983151983159 983155983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983155983155983141983155983155 983156983144983141983145983154 983159983151983154983147 983145983150 983137983150

bull A 983150983157983149983138983141983154 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983145983141983140 983142983154983151983149 983156983144983141 983148983145983156983141983154983137983156983157983154983141

ndash E983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

ndash A983156983151983149 E983139983151983150983151983149983161

ndash C983137983154983138983151983150 E983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 ndash E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155 983129983145983141983148983140

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983152983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148983155 983156983151 983156983141983155983156 983144983151983159 983159983141983148983148 983156983144983141983161 983159983151983154983147

bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

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983117983137983155983155

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132 75 1683 51 65 82

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

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983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A

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983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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1 983118A 0

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4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

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2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

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65 825175 1683

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0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

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bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

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983124983144983141 A983152983152983148983145983139983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983117983141983156983154983145983139983155bull 983124983144983141983155983141 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983144983137983158983141 983138983141983141983150 983137983152983152983148983145983141983140 983156983151 983142983145983154983155983156 983161983141983137983154 983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983151983154983161

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bull E983160983137983149983152983148983141 983124983144983141 983155983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

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0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

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Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

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4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983120983154983151983138983148983141983149983155 983157983155983145983150983143 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155bull G983154983141983141983150 C983144983141983149983145983155983156983154983161 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983139983137983150983150983151983156 983138983141 983157983155983141983140 983145983150983140983141983152983141983150983140983141983150983156983148983161 983156983151

983137983155983155983141983155983155 983144983151983159 983143983154983141983141983150 983137 983154983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983145983155

bull 983117983151983154983141 983145983150983142983151983154983149983137983156983145983151983150 983145983155 983154983141983153983157983145983154983141983140 983142983151983154 983139983141983154983156983137983145983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155 983156983151 983138983141 983157983155983141983140

983085 E983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983149983137983155983155 983161983145983141983148983140

983085 E983085 983142983137983139983156983151983154

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

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3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

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0

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983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

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1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

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bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

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bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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Testing metrics

bull Tested at each stage of the practical

bull Easy application to multi-step organic synthesis but not applicable to allunit operations within a process

bull Use of power and water usage to assess practicals

bull Application of green chemistry metrics to entire experiment

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

983123983156983137983143983141

0

2 983122983141983142983148983157983160 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 037 983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 53 983116

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

Method A Preparation from the elements

1459 983143 (11 9831399831493)DC983117

5 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 026

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 285 983116

4 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0

3122 983143 (32 9831399831493)

A983139983141983156983145983139

983137983139983145983140983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141983145983151983140

983145983150983141 983149983145983160

3 B983151983145983148983145983150983143 983151983142 983148983145983153983157983145983140 H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983149983137983150983156983148983141 099

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method A Preparation from the elements

20

25

30

35

The preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Power (kWh)

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

5

10

15

Unit Operation

as e g

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

983123983156983137983143983141 983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127983144) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

1 A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983154983141983137983143983141983150983156983155 983118A 0 0

983127983137983156983141983154 983159983137983155983156983141 983142983154983151983149

983141 983157983160 983151 983154983141983137983143983141983150 983155 983141983137 983150983143 983149983137983150 983141

983139983151983150983140983141983150983155983141983154 35 983116

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983118A 0 1549 983143 (15 9831399831493)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141 0247 1657 983143 (125 9831399831493)

DC983117

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

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3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Method B Preparation from dichlorotin(II) dihydrate

14

16

18

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV) Method B

Water usage from reflux is excluded from the chart

0

2

4

6

8

10

Addition ofreagents

Reflux Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

Power (kWh)

Waste (g)

7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

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983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

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983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

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983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

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983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983117983141983156983144983151983140 A 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983156983144983141 983141983148983141983149983141983150983156983155220 84 1419 100 254 397 88

983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154

983118A

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

The Preparation of Tetraiodotin (IV)

Methods A amp B Metrics

200983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 72 829 100 83 1212 983118A 983118A

34 555 85 114 875983117983141983156983144983151983140 B 983120983154983141983152983137983154983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983140983145983139983144983148983151983154983151983156983145983150(II) 983140983145983144983161983140983154983137983156983141 279 44 983118A

Th S h i f A l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

983123983156983137983143983141

0

A983140983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983149983145983160983145983150983143 983151983142

983154983141983137983139983156983137983150983156983155 983155983137983148983145983139983161983139983148983145983139 983137983139983145983140 983137983150983140

983137983139983141983156983145983139 983137983150983144983161983140983154983145983140983141 983137983150983140 983137983140983140983145983156983145983151983150

983151983142 983155983157983148983152983144983157983154983145983139 983137983139983145983140

1 983118A 0

H983141983137983156983145983150983143 983156983151 5098308560 C 983142983151983154 15

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983109983153983157983145983152983149983141983150983156 983120983151983159983141983154 983125983155983137983143983141 (983147983127) 983127983137983155983156983141 (983143)

4 983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 983142983154983151983149

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 amp 983142983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150H983151983156983152983148983137983156983141

983118A 0

028

4128 983143 (40 9831399831493)

H2983119(CH3C983119)2983119H2983123

2632 983143 (2730 9831399831493)

983141983156983144983137983150983151983148983159983137983156983141983154 983149983145983160

983149983145983150983157983156983141983155

3 F983145983148983156983154983137983156983145983151983150 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983155983151983148983145983140

Th S th i f A t l li li id

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

983150983141983141983140983155983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156

I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

991256983123983152983145983150983085983151983157983156991257

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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The Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

20

25

30

35

40

45

The synthesis of Acetylsalicylic acid

Power (kW)

Waste (g)

100 1230 983118A 983118A983122983141983139983154983161983155983156983137983148983148983145983155983137983156983145983151983150 214 983143 75 295 983118A

983107983137983154983138983151983150 983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

65 825175 1683

983109983142983142983141983139983156983145983158983141 983117983137983155983155

983129983145983141983148983140

983122983141983137983139983156983145983151983150 983117983137983155983155

983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983139983161

983123983161983150983156983144983141983155983145983155 983151983142 983139983154983157983140983141 983137983155983152983145983154983145983150 286 983143 88 132

983125983150983145983156 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150 983129983145983141983148983140 983129983145983141983148983140 983109983085983142983137983139983156983151983154 983105983156983151983149

983109983139983151983150983151983149983161

983117983137983155983155

983113983150983156983141983150983155983145983156983161

0

5

10

Addition ofreactants

Heating Filtration Recrystallisation

Unit Operation

9831079831449831419831499831459831559831569831549831614 983123983157983155983156983137983145983150983137983138983148983141 983110983157983156983157983154983141983155 983122983151983137983140983149983137983152

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A983159983137983154983141983150983141983155983155 amp

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I983140983141983150983156983145983142983161

983140983141983148983145983158983141983154983137983138983148983141 983147983141983161

983155983147983145983148983148983155

E983149983138983141983140 983155983147983145983148983148983155983140983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

D983141983158983141983148983151983152

983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156983123983156983137983147983141983144983151983148983140983141983154 983152983141983154983139983141983152983156983145983151983150

bull 983123983156983157983140983141983150983156983155 amp 983123983156983137983142983142

bull

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983155983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983155983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

983108983154983145983158983141983154983155bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983151983150

bull G983154983137983150983140 C983144983137983148983148983141983150983143983141983155

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull E983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150 983149983141983156983154983145983139983155

bull 983123983156983154983137983156983141983143983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983137983152983156983137983156983145983151983150

983124983154983137983150983155983142983141983154983137983138983148983141 983155983147983145983148983148983155

bull C983151983149983149983157983150983145983139983137983156983145983151983150

bull I983150983156983141983154983085983140983145983155983139983145983152983148983145983150983137983154983145983156983161

983124983144983141983149983137983156983145983139 983149983151983140983157983148983141983155

983123983144983137983154983141983140 983151983152983156983145983151983150983155

983109983150983158983145983085983092

983120983154983137983139983156983145983139983137983148 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149983149983141983155

bull A983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983149983141983156983144983151983140983155

bull C983154983145983156983145983139983137983148 983141983158983137983148983157983137983156983145983151983150

983120983154983151983142983141983155983155983145983151983150983137983148 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152983149983141983150983156

bull 983116983141983143983145983155983148983137983156983145983158983141 983139983151983150983155983156983154983137983145983150983156983155bull 983120983154983151983140983157983139983156 983116983145983142983141983139983161983139983148983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983145983155

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7172019 Green Chemistry_Bradford UK

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