Green Economy Amman | Amman Institute

Towards a “Green Economy in Amman” UN HABITAT SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT & THE GREEN ECONOMY EXPERT MEETING

AMAL DABABSEH

February 2011

“Green Economy” in Amman

 Background

 Sustainability Approach

 Challenges

 Opportunities

 The way forward

Presentation Outline

Background


Amman, Jordan...lives in a tough neighbourhood!

Population

Jordan: 6.1M Amman: 2.31M

World Refugee Capital

Over 60% of refugee origin

1st Generation Refugees:

Amman: 501,098 Baku, Azerbaijan: 186,909 Cairo, 112,605 Kuala Lampur, 45,998

Source: UNHabitat 2010


From a village AMMAN IN THE 1940s


To a major metropolitan area...


Canada

London

Amman: a Young City


A Multi-Cultural City


…a unique cityscape – Our 7 Hills

Our Approach to Sustainability


Sustainability Approach

MAIN PRINCIPLES OF THE SUSTAINABLE CITIES ACTION Sustainability : a multidimensional system


Establishing a Vision & Aspirations

Vision A livable city is an organized city….

with a soul


Amman Plan: Metropolitan Growth


The Amman Plan: Planning Scales

 Metropolitan: Entire 1,662-square-kilometre GAM Planning Area Metropolitan Growth Plan - Highest Level Plan

 Planning Area 8 Planning Areas - 5 Urban / 3Peri-Urban or Rural Area Plans: as defined by MGP

 Community 228 Existing Neighborhoods Community Plans– Detail Plans + Zoning

Challenges


1

 Jordan is experiencing increased pressure on natural resources.

 Income disparities and growing poverty mainly due to a continually increasing population.

 Countrywide, freshwater scarcity is the most serious crisis - both quantity and quality.

 This is followed by desertification, soil degradation and deforestation. With about 10% of total land under cultivation, but only 6% of GDP generated from agricultural production

Challenges…


 Jordan has 90% of its population living on only 10% of the country’s surface area and has an urban population of around 78%, growing rapidly, and exposed to a range of challenges connected with rapid urbanization.

 Economic dependency on fossil fuel imports could be addressed through the deployment of large and small scale renewable energy technologies and improved energy efficiency in buildings and industrial processes.

 Political Instability in the region

Challenges…


 2.3 million people live in the Greater Amman Municipality,

 45 % of the population live in Amman 85% live in cities,

 Jordan is listed among the 4 poorest countries in water availability,

 Approximately 128 million m3 /Y of potable water is used in

Amman

  Co2 Equivalent Emissions are estimated to be about 20million

metric tones (in 2000). Amman municipal solid waste generates

7.9 metric tones of Co2 equivalent,

 600,000 cars on the streets of The Greater Amman Municipality.

 Jordan has Less than 1% forests

Challenges…


 Green economy is not legally bound by law; there is a lack of law enforcement and incentives.

 Implementing green practices could have a negative impact on some businesses, or completely eliminate certain industries which do not conform to green standards.

 Limited assigned government budgets for sustainable development, SD is not prioritized on Government Agendas.

 Green Technology is not subsidized by Government, which makes it unaffordable to citizens.

 Limited financial and natural resources.

Government

Challenges…


 Implemented policies could affect daily lives of citizens in a way that they are unwilling to adapt.

 Learning and awareness opportunities are confined, and there is a disparity in environmental awareness among the population.

 Training will be required to teach certain skills and gain buy-in.

 The relatively low and undervalued levels of environmental awareness among the public make it difficult to bring about change.

 Lack of environmentally-friendly alternatives that could be adapted to, e.g. lack of efficient public transport urges citizens to use private vehicles.

Citizens

Challenges…


 Lack of current expertise in green businesses  Local funding is minimal and entry barriers can be

high  Little current demand on green investment would

require additional focused marketing  Job creation would require major training, and influx

of those with experience abroad.  Investors interest in “fast” money rather than

sustainable long-term investment in people, the environment and the local economy.

 If green investments occur they are usually exclusive and cater to a confined community, which limits the benefits reaped, as these kind of practices must be adopted collectively for significantly measurable results.

Private Entities

Challenges…

Opportunities



We’ve done lots of implementation


 The endorsement of a Sustainable transportation system, that eliminates sole reliance on private cars for mobility.

 Mobilizing Renewable sources of energy, thus making use of naturally abundant resources in local contexts e.g. solar energy in Jordan.

 Waste management in areas that lack proper treatment of solid and water waste.

  Initiating City-wide CDM Programme.

How Green Policy manifests itself in different contexts in Amman?


Personal Transport

Shops

Playground Public Green Area

BRT, LRT

Neighborhood Center

Public Parks

Schools

Work Places

Bus Rapid Transport

Car

Cycling

Walking

Amman Transport & Mobility Master Plan


Amman TMMP…


Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Phase 1

  Three routes (32km)

  Engineering design and Service Plan completed

First construction package awarded Second and third to be awarded in a few weeks

  1rst Quarter 2011 Tender for operations Tender for ticketing system (Smartcards)


Solid Waste Management

Objective:

  Minimize Production of waste.

  Waste to energy - Biogas

  Social / Behavioral Change

Dispose

Create Energy

Recycle & Compost

Re-use

Reduce


Solid Waste Management

31


A Green City

Use of gray water

Planting the City


Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Adapted to Mediterranean


Biodiversity Protection Noise Pollution

Solid Waste

Air Pollution

Climate Change

Water Protection

Pipeline. . . . An environmentally Urban Action Plan For Amman City


Assessing the Climate Change Related Disasters in Amman


Climate Change Adaptation on Water Sector


Carbon Neutral Initiative


•  AGGP is the first of its kind in the world, aggregating GHG across 5 key urban service sectors, namely water, waste, public utilities, transport and forestry

•  Significantly lowering transaction costs even further compared to developing independent POAs per sector.

•  There are 600 cities globally, with a population of more than half-million and another 2000 cities/towns/urban areas globally, with a population of more than 100,000

•  A carbon finance program could also provide the much needed incentive to improve urban services in those sectors, and engage private sector entities.

Innovation and scaling up potential

Amman Green Growth Program – City Wide


Promote low carbon investments that will sustain economic growth in the city of Amman, more specifically the program will:

(i) improve the urban environment while contributing to the climate agenda;

(ii) improve the cost efficiency of municipal services;

(iii) mobilize additional sources of revenues through carbon markets.

The Program will reduce GHG emissions at the city level, aggregating carbon emissions from waste, water, energy, transport and forestry sectors, using an under – development city wide approach that combines approved methodologies.

Objective


With a total investment of USD 2.825 billion over 28 years the program will cover four sectors:

  Municipal Waste

  Transport

  Energy

  Urban forestry

It is estimated that Emission Reductions will exceed 0.56 million CO2 e per year.

Scope


Components


Program Components

Municipal Waste

Land filling with recovery of landfill

gas

Recycling of plastics

Slaughterhouse waste – to- energy

Sustainable Energy

Wind Farm

Solar water heating systems for households

Building energy efficiency

Promotion of residential CFL usage

Energy- efficiency street lighting

Urban Transport

Bus Rapid Transit System

Light Rail Transit system

Fuel switch for buses and other public vehicles

Urban Forestry

Plantation in urban and peri-urban

areas

Urban Agriculture

“Green Economy” in Amman THANK YOU

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