Green house effect Meaning: Progressive warming up of the earth surface due

to high concentration of manmade carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Concentration of CO₂ works like a glass panel of greenhouse allowing short wave incoming solar radiation to come in but preventing the long wave heat to re-radiated out.

The natural outcome is warmer atmosphere -

100 years ago CO ₂ - 275ppm

In the year 2007 - 375ppm

In the year 2040 - 450ppm

Picture presentation of Green house effect

The major green house gases The gases with the properties of greenhouse are known as green

house gases.

Some gases in earth’s atmosphere for example, water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have a very special property .They do not absorb the visible light from the sun, but they do absorb the infrared light radiated by the Earth's surface. These are called "greenhouse gases" .

Carbon dioxide.

Halogen gases like Chlorofluorocarbons,

nitrogen oxide ,

methane etc.

Gas type responsible

64

19

11

6

0.4

percentage

co₂

methane

CFC

N₂O

others

Sources of greenhouse gases1. Thermal power stations based on fossil fuels, mainly coal

and mineral oil emitting huge amount of CO₂.

2. Numerous factories and industrial chimney wastes

3. Automobiles

4. Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

Sources of activity

49

13

14

24

Percentage

Fossil

Agriculture

Deforestation

Industry

Effects of Greenhouse effect1. global warming and climate change.

2. Rise of sea level

3. Worsening health effects

4. Disruption of the water cycle

5. Changing forest and natural areas

6. Challenges to agriculture and the food supply

7. Effect on the ozone layer

8. Effect on oceanic climate

Some examples

Country specific carbon emissionPercentage

USA

CHINA

EAST EUROPE

WEST EUROPE

INDIA

JAPAN

S.AFRICA

ALL OTHERS

Control of Greenhouse Effect Alternate sources of energy are to be used

Advanced and efficient technologies for reducing emissions from fossil fuels.

Afforestation and reforestation on a large scale

Water logging should be avoided

Reduction of the use of CFC

Carbon market

Option for reducing Co₂Carbon Management

Dr. Klaus and his synthetic trees

John H Martins theory of phytoplankton growth in ocean

Injection of Co₂ into underground strata or deep ocean water

Global warming and Climate change The Sun's surface, which has an average

temperature of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5810 degrees Kelvin), primarily radiates visible light.

The surface of the Earth has an average temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit (288 degrees Kelvin), so it radiates in the infrared part of the spectrum.

The temperature of an object is determined by a balance between incoming and outgoing energy.

For the Earth, the incoming energy is the absorbed light from the Sun, and the outgoing energy is the infrared light the Earth radiates out to space.

Due to the greenhouse effect the earth could not radiate the total heat and thus make life possible.

Global warming is also happening because the blanket of GHG are becoming thicker.

Consequences As a result change of climate has occurred which threats

the sustainability of life. The consequences are as follows -:

Melting of polar ice caps and glaciers along with thermal expansion of water.

More droughts and floods.

More terrible storms.

Many more hot days.

More diseases like malaria and dengue

Impacts of ecosystem would change the crop production potential of a region specially Asia, Africa, South and Central America.

Cont.. Forests may disappear and reduction of biodiversity.

Billions of people will be affected by problems of drinking water supply, sanitation, and drought.

Projected rise of sea level is between 9 cm to 29 cm by 2029 and 96 cm by 2090. The South Asian region with ⅙of the world population will suffer greatly.

Increase in heat stress mortality and diseases.

Who is responsible ? Affluent and rich countries are responsible for

changes of climate.

Global energy consumption and CO₂ emissions have increased 3 times between 1950 – 85.

In 1990 out of 21 billion tons of global emissions, 14 billion tons are emitted by rich countries.

US alone emitted 5 billion tons of carbon.

India emits 159 million tons.