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www.worcestershire.gov.uk
Green Infrastructure: Exploring Multi-functional Opportunities for Heritage Assets and Landscapes
Adam MindykowskiWorcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
2Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
“Green infrastructure is the physical environment within and between our cities, towns and villages. It is a network of multi-functional open spaces, including formal parks, gardens, woodlands, green corridors, waterways, street trees and open countryside. It comprises all environmental resources, and thus a green infrastructure approach also contributes towards sustainable resource management.”
www.greeninfrastructure.eu
"Green Infrastructure is the network of green spaces and natural elements that intersperse and connect our cities, towns and villages. It is the open spaces, waterways, gardens, woodlands, green corridors, wildlife habitats, street trees, natural heritage and open countryside.”
The West Midlands Green Infrastructure Prospectus (2003)
Does the historic environment have a place in Green Infrastructure planning?
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
3Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
Built Environment
HistoricEnvironment Natural
Environment
ENVIRONMENT
LandscapeCharacter
Historic LandscapeCharacter
UrbanCharacter
Climate
Change
Econ
omic
Change
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
4Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.greeninfrastructurenw.co.uk/
Green Infrastructure North West: benefits and value of GI
• As a setting for economic growth and investment, improving regional image and a local sense of place
• Increased property and land values • Attracts and retains people ensuring stable populations and labour supply • A focus for social inclusion, education, training, health and well-being • Landscape character and local distinctiveness, grounded in the principles of
Landscape Character Assessment • A framework for natural systems and functions that are ecologically
fundamental to species and habitat viability, healthy soils, water and air • Reverses habitat fragmentation and increases biodiversity to restore
functioning ecosystems and provide the fabric for sustainable living • Safeguard and enhance natural and historic assets • Contact between people and nature • Cohesive partnership working across disciplines and sectors
• As a setting for economic growth and investment, improving regional image and a local sense of place
• Increased property and land values • Attracts and retains people ensuring stable populations and labour supply • A focus for social inclusion, education, training, health and well-being • Landscape character and local distinctiveness, grounded in the principles of
Landscape Character Assessment (should also include HLC)• A framework for natural systems and functions that are ecologically
fundamental to species and habitat viability, healthy soils, water and air • Reverses habitat fragmentation and increases biodiversity to restore
functioning ecosystems and provide the fabric for sustainable living • Safeguard and enhance natural and historic assets • Contact between people and nature • Cohesive partnership working across disciplines and sectors
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
5Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
In what ways can the Historic Environment contribute towards and benefit from multi-functional objectives in Green Infrastructure planning?
Contributions• Historic hedgerows: landscape;
habitat network• Designed landscapes or parts of:
open space provision; locally distinctive amenity; habitat
• Ancient Semi-Natural Woodlands: amenity; habitat; flood attenuation
• Ponds and designed watercourses: habitat networks; sustainable drainage
• Holloways “green lanes”: green access network; wildlife corridors
Benefits• Buffers around assets: setting• Protection of wet sites, rivers; canals;
ponds and wetlands: palaeoenvironmental deposits; organic structures and artefacts
• Protection of woodlands; hedgerows (replanting): HLC; woodland archaeology
• Protection of designed landscapes: HLC; related assets
• Open space; amenity provision: located to conserve below ground archaeology or managed earthworks
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
Worcestershire GI: our vision
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Worcestershire's high quality natural and historic environment will perform a multi-functional role. It will enable sustainable growth of the green economy, improve the community's experience of natural and historic places, deliver benefits to health and well-being and under-pin the county's resilience to climate change.
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
7
Worcestershire GI Partnership
Steering Group
Worcestershire Wildlife Trust (chair – David Dench)Worcestershire County Council (secretariat)Natural England
Partners
Bromsgrove District Council, English Heritage, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Malvern Hills District Council, Natural Englan, NHSRedditch Borough Council, Sustrans , Woodland Trust, Worcester City Council, Worcestershire Biological Records Centre, Wychavon District CouncilWyre Forest District Council
Task and Finish Groups
Data and Networks
Costing and Delivery
Economy and Society
Communications
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
8Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
The approach
Hierarchy from sub-region, district down to local level
8Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
Strategic Level - Sub regional approach that identifies a series of
broad Environmental Character Areas with defined objectives.
District Level - Further analysis is still required but it is envisaged that
this will identify a network of corridors and hubs at a district level that link across
the sub region. Site Based -
Concept plans developed to
provide a set of guiding principles to inform detailed master planning.
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
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HEAHistoric Environment Assessment
HLCHistoric Landscape
Characterisation
HERHistoric
Environment Record
HBWHistoric Buildings of Worcestershire
HFCHistoric Farmsteads
Characterisation
VHERAVillages Historic
Environment Resource
Assessment
STRATEGIC
AREA
SITE
FieldworkData and grey
literature
LANDSCAPE
SETTLEMENT LOCALITY
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
The Historic Environment evidence base in Worcestershire
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
The definition of Historic Environment Character Zones created from the combination of key HE and landscapeGIS data in 2009-10 (pre-HLC)
• Historic Environment Record assets (non- designated)
•Designated historic assets
•Landscape Character Assessment (LDU)
• Selected environmental themes (e.g. ASNW)
•Historic Farmsteads Stage One data
10Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
Strategic GI: the Historic Environment Assessment
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
11Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
Strategic Environmental Character Areas
• combined environmental character: underpins multi-functionality
• strategic GI corridors• Headline opportunities and
constraints
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
Analysis of the Evidence Base
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Environmental Character Areas
Socio-economic context
Health
Economy
Blue Infra and Flooding
Climate change
GI Assets
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
Assessing HE for district level GI
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
HEA sensitivity map:Bromsgrove District Council and Redditch Borough Council
Current and previous H
LC
Redditch Borough C
ouncil
HEA: assessing broad sensitivity and informing policy
HLC: underpinning site assessments
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www.worcestershire.gov.uk
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A key objective for GI provision within site masterplanning should be the development of opportunities to conserve HE features and landscapes; promote their contribution towards defining local identity and setting and their contribution to multi-functional benefits.
GI and HE networks GI and HE open space/green space
GI and HE water features
hedgerows orchards ponds
green lanes designed landscape water filled quarries and clay pits
canals permanent pasture with earthworks
canals; leats; natural watercourses (often modified or associated with assets)
disused railway lines land with significant below ground archaeology
Wetlands: marsh, small bogs
linking views to and from assets: intra- and extra-site
ancient woodlands or distinctive plantations
moated sites
access: historic routes; links to assets and landscapes beyond the site
setting of assets including historic structures; buildings and farmsteads
Historic water management features and landscapes (SUDS?)
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
Local site-based GI: concept plans and statements
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
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HECZ148e Historic wooded landscape setting around parkland
Medium Development will potentially impact on historic woodlands and historic hedgerows that act as linkages, and the setting of Hewell Grange
Historic field pattern / ancient woodlandsSetting for historic parkland
Establishing broad objectives
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
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Key HE Green Infrastructure opportunities for Brockhill, Worcestershire:
· Allocation of open space / recreation where this might afford protection to high value / sensitive below ground archaeology
· Provision of interpretation to promote historic environment and land-use history
· Conservation, restoration and replanting of historic hedgerows and relic parkland to strengthen Historic Landscape Character, which will also provide habitat links through the landscape / between ASN woodlands
· Creation of access and enhancement of existing Public Rights of Way network to provide links to historic environment sites and distinctive landscapes beyond the development site boundaries
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
www.worcestershire.gov.uk
No GI Feature Functions 1 Northern Boundary 1. Stream corridor and water
management2. Biodiversity 3. Informal path network4. Connectivity with the wider
countryside2 Roman Road Corridor 1. Water management and SUDS
2. Historic environment 3. Biodiversity 4. Access 5. Informal recreation
3 Southern Boundary 1. Landscape links to the wider countryside
2. Biodiversity 3. Informal path network
4 River Severn Corridor 1. Access 2. Landscape connectivity with the
river corridor 3. Biodiversity
5 Significant Gap 1. Retain and enhance biodiversity 2. Retain landscape features3. Informal access and recreation
6 Central Corridor 1. Retain settings for historic buildings
2. Views through the site 3. Retain existing biodiversity 4. Natural environment connectivity 5. Access
7 Southern Stream Corridor 1. Stream corridor and water management
2. Informal path network3. Connectivity4. Biodiversity
Historic Environment
Restore and utilise historic hedgerows to promote a sense of historic landscape character and promote multi-functional benefits. Protect the setting of, and visual links, between historic farmsteads. Protect archaeology associated with the route of the Roman road. Promote the route of the Roman road as an historic access to Worcester as part of the site sustainable transport network. Explore opportunities to locate open space where this can afford protection to earthworks and significant below ground archaeology identified during survey and/or evaluation. Protect well-preserved areas of medieval ridge and furrow, particularly in the eastern and south-eastern part of the site.
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service
Detailed Green Infrastructure site concept plans
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www.worcestershire.gov.uk
Identification of opportunities
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Types of projectNew development such as housing and economic development
Land management initiatives such as agri-environment and woodland grant schemesMinerals extraction and restoration
Infrastructure developments such as renewable energy and water
Funding and
viability
Priorities and delivery
Community Land Trusts
Delivering sustainable GI
Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service