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Green Jobs in the Northern Plains and Rocky Mountains
Presented by Barbara Wagner, Senior Economist,
Montana Department of Labor and Industry April 19, 2011
Results from the Consortium’s Green Jobs Survey
Today’s Topics
1. About the Consortium
2. What is a green job?
3. Why study green jobs?
4. Literature Review
5. Results
6. Conclusions and Discussion
The Northern Plains & Rocky Mountain Consortium
Why Study Green Jobs?
Businesses and workers are changing their practices to address the rising costs for energy and ecological services
– Short supply of resources
– Greater recognition of the value of ecological services
– Technology to better “measure” the use of natural resources so that property rights can be established and prices can be charged
Why Study Green Jobs?
Green jobs are not a new phenomenon, but part of the ever-developing process to make production
– more efficient, – reduce costs, and – eliminate unnecessary waste
in order to make business more profitable.
Green Jobs are Not Just a Fad
1. Increased demand for energy and other natural resources will cause price increases.
2. Consumers value ecological services.– Will demand green products– Will likely continue to use policy and regulation to keep
immediate environment clean
3. Businesses try to increase profits.– Reducing costs and unnecessary waste– Creating niche products and marketing
Green Jobs are Changing the Skill Set Needed for Jobs
Consortium aimed to answer the questions:
• What are the characteristics of green jobs?
• What are the skills needed for green jobs?
• How do we need to change our education and training systems to prepare our workers for jobs?
What is a Green Job?
Green jobs are jobs where the work activity aids in – environmental mitigation, protection, or
restoration– renewable energy generation– conservation of energy or other resources– support services for the above, like education or
certification
What is a Green Job?
Green Jobs are found in nearly every industry• Renewable Energy• Restoration / Remediation• Construction• Oil and Gas• Health Care• Hospitality• Government Regulation
The concept of green is …
• Mutable: It changes with technology or knowledge improvements.
• Relational: The job is more green than other industries, old practices, or other options.
• Nebulous: We all understand the general concept, but it is difficult to draw the line needed to quantify the number of green jobs.
Consortium’s Definition of a Green Job
A green job is one in which the work is essential to products orservices that improve energy efficiency, expand the use of renewableenergy, or support environmental sustainability, including work in:
– Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuels
– Energy Efficiency and Conservation
– Pollution, Waste, and Greenhouse Gas Management, Prevention, and Reduction
– Environmental Cleanup, Remediation, Waste Clean-up, Mitigation, or Restoration
– Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Conservation
– Education, Regulation, Compliance, Public Awareness, Training, or Energy Trading
How our Definition is Different From Other Research
• Included government regulators as green jobs
• Hydroelectric dams were considered green
• Green jobs could be in EVERY industry, including• Mining (restoration experts and water pollution
mitigation) • Oil and Gas (environmental engineers and hydrologists)• Biofuels and biomass (forestry and ethanol production)
Why do we need a Survey to Count Green Jobs?
its not as easy as one might think…
Green Jobs
Oil and Gas
Environmental Engineers
Renewable Energy
Administrative support
Construction
Plumbers
Urban Bus Systems
Janitors
Literature Review
• Results in other states generally find 3 to 5% green jobs
• Survey results show higher percentages than those identifying green businesses, industries, or occupations
• Many exclude industries, such as government or mining
Most Green Jobs are found in
• Construction and Agriculture Industries
• Construction and Production Occupations
No “new” occupations – all can be categorized into existing taxonomies
Consortium Differed From Other States
• Did not exclude any industry or occupation
• Attempted to exclude green practices, such as recycling – the work had to be essential to the production of a green product
• Consistent survey and data collection throughout the consortium for comparable results
3.5% Green Jobs in Consortium States
Margin of Error for Consortium Estimate
is 0.3% at the 95% Confidence Level
Industry Share of Green JobsOther Services
3%
Other12% Professional and
Technical Services8%
Administrative and Waste Services
6%Public Administra-
tion11%
Trade and Transportation15%
Ag and Forestry3%
Manufacturing17%
Mining and Utilities3%
Construction22%
Green Percent by Industry
Other
Trade and Transportation
Public Administration
Other Services
Administrative and Waste Services
Mining and Utilities
Manufacturing
Professional and Technical Services
Ag and Forestry
Construction
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%
Percent of Each Industry that is Green
Green Jobs by Size of Employer
< 10 10 to 49 50 and Over
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
Employees
Perc
ent G
reen
Jobs
< 10 10 to 49 50 and Over
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Employees
Thou
sand
s of
Gre
en Jo
bs
Green Jobs by Occupational Category
Production Occupations 17.3%
Construction and Extraction Occupations 15.1
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 11.5
Transportation and Material Moving 7.1
Architecture and Engineering 6.9
Life, Physical, and Social Science 5.9
Occupations with the Most Green Jobs
1 5.8% Production Workers, All Other
2 4.5 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics
3 2.9 Electricians
4 2.6 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers
5 2.2 Retail Salespersons
6 2.1 Janitors and Cleaners
7 2.0 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
8 2.0 Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
9 1.8 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
10 1.6 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and System Operators
Most Frequently Reported Green Jobs
1 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
2 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant Operators
3 Production Workers, All Other
4 First Line Supervisors of Production Workers
5 Electricians
6 Maintenance and Repair Workers
7 General and Operations Managers
8 Chief Executives
9 Conservation Scientists
10 Business Operations Specialists, All Other
Interesting Occupations
Job Description as Reported Coded IntoSustainability Manager Business Operations Specialist
Alternative Fuels Field Service Technician Inspectors, Testers, and Weighers
Dust Collection System Engineer Mechanical Engineer
Efficiency Analyst (electrical power efficiency analysis for power company) Electrical Engineer
Hot Oiler (Cleans up spills at oil field) Extraction Workers, All Other
Landscape Designer (wetlands restoration) Landscape Architects
Methane Gas Collection Tech Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
Water Rights Technician (Government) Title Examiners
Percent of Consortium Businesses in Each Green Industry
2.3% Renewable Energy and
Alternative
Fuels
7.5% Energy Efficiency
and Conservation
2.3% Environmental Cleanup
2.3%
Pollution and Waste Prevention
2.2%
Education,
Regulation, and Trading
3.5% Sustainable Agriculture
81.9% Reported No Green Activity
Margin of Error at the 95% Confidence Level is < +/- 0.5%
Percent of Time in Green Work
0-49% 50-99% 100% Did not Report0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Percent of Time Spent in Green Work
Required Education Level
No Requirements
High School Diploma/GED
Apprenticeship/On-The-Job Training
Trade Certified
Associate or Vocational Degree
Bachelors Degree
Graduate/Professional Degree
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Percent of Green Jobs
Certification and Licensure
• LEED• Water• OSHA• Pesticide Application• HVAC• Electrical• Welding• Lead Removal
• EPA/ State Environmental Agency
• Equipment Operation• Architect• Environmental
Professional• Professional Engineer• Freon
11% green jobs require some type of certification or license
Green Wages
Under $19,240
19,240 - 23,919
23,920 - 30,159
30,160 - 37,959
37,960 - 47,319
47,320 - 59,799
59,800 - 74,879
74,880 - 94,119
Over 94,120
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Conclusions from Survey
• Green percent consistent with other research, but differs between consortium states
• Industry and occupational breakdown consistent with other states
• Some “new” occupations in sustainability manager, water treatment specialist, but all could be included in current taxonomy
Conclusions from Survey
• 18% of businesses report being in some type of green industry
• More report green activities, such as recycling, adopting energy efficient practices, etc
Conclusions from Survey
Labor Market Information Improvement Grant
• Improved the knowledge and skills of LMI researchers
• Allowed for knowledge and technology transfer between states
• Resulted in economic information about green jobs and more
FIND OUR RESEARCH AT
www.researchingthegreeneconomy.com