Green Polymers.gautam

8/4/2019 Green Polymers.gautam

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SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

GREEN POLYMERS

PRESENTED BY:

GAUTAM AHUJA

M.TECH- POLYMER TECHNOLOGY

1st YearROLL NO: 2k11 PTE 02


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WHAT ARE GREEN POLYMERS ?

Green polymers comprise of the following:

1) Biopolymers

2) Biodegradable polymers (from biopolymers or petro-

polymers)

3) Recyclable polymers (from biopolymers or petro

polymers)

4) Polymers from renewable resources


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WHY THE NEED AROSE ?

The opportunities for designing polymers and developing

polymerization processes that are safe, prevent pollution, and

are more efficient in the use of materials and energy are

enormous.

New ways to make environmentally friendly polymers are

needed due to dwindling reserves of petroleum and poordegradability of existing polymers.


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Synthetic polymers are being disposed off by the

practice of land-filling. As such, these are

continuously getting accumulated on land and creating

unhygienic conditions.

The use of non-renewable sources is contributing to

global warming.

Bio-plastics are capable of contributing positively to

protect the environment.


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CRUDE OIL PRICE RISE


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POLYMER PRICE RISE


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WHICH GREEN POLYMERS?

Some examples:

The input materials for the production of these polymers may beeither renewable (based on agricultural plant or animal products) orsynthetic.

There are four main types of green polymer based respectively on:

1. Starch

2. Sugar3.Cellulose

4.Synthetic materials

Current and future developments in biodegradable polymers and

renewable input materials focus relate mainly to the scaling-up ofproduction and improvement of product properties. Larger scale

production will increase availability and reduce prices.


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ADVANTAGES:- One advantage of agricultural raw materials and bio-based building

blocks is that they are potentially biodegradable and have less negative

environmental impact. In addition to the potential economic benefits, the use of agricultural

by-products minimizes waste and mitigates disposal problems.

Bio-catalysis is helpful in this effort because enzyme-catalysts often

catalyze reactions of natural substrates at high rates.Many bio-based products are biodegradable, and hydrolytic enzymes

are critically important for the break down of biomass to usable building

blocks for fermentation processes

Another advantage of agricultural raw materials and bio-basedbuilding blocks is that they can often be recycled. Some resulting

polymers that are biodegradable can undergo biological recycling by

which they are converted to biomass, CO2, CH4 (anaerobic conditions)

and water.


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STARCH BASED POLYMERS

APPLICATIONS:

Not suitable for packaging liquids (can sustain only brief contact with

water)

Good oxygen barrier properties.

SOURCES:

Found as granules in plant tissue, from which it can easily be

recovered in large quantities

Obtained from potatoes, maize, wheat and tapioca and similar

sources.

Starch can be modified in such a way that it can be melted and

deformed thermoplastically (injection moulding and extruding).


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PROCESSING OF CORN


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SUGAR BASED BIOPOLYMERS

APPLICATIONS:Medical applications. Examples include surgical implants which do not

require operative removal.

Until recently, it was not feasible to use polylactides for packaging

because of their high price, around US$500 per kilogram.

SOURCES: Polyhydroxibutyrate is made from sucrose or starch by a process of

bacterial fermentation. The polymer can be formed by injection,

extrusion, blowing and vacuum forming.

Polylactides (lactic acid polymers)are made from lactic acid, which is in

turn made from lactose (or milk sugar) obtained from sugar beet,potatoes, wheat, maize etc. Polylactides are water resistant and can be

formed by injection moulding, blowing and vacuum forming.


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CELLULOSE BASED BIOPOLYMERSAPPLICATIONS:

Familiar applications of cellophane include packaging for

confectionary and cigarettes. The material is gradually falling out of

favor, however, owing to its high price and losing market share topolymers such as polypropylene.

SOURCES: The use of cellulose for making packaging material such as

cellophane is long established. The material is transparent and has

good folding properties. Whether in the form of pure cellulose or of a

nitrocellulose coating, the material is wholly biodegradable and canbe composted by existing waste processing plant.


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SYNTHETIC BASED BIOPOLYMERS

APPLICATIONS:

The relatively high price of biodegradable polymers of syntheticsubstances, e.g. aliphatic aromatic co-polyesters has prevented them

from reaching a large scale market. The best known application is for

making substrate mats.

SOURCES:

Synthetic compounds derived from petroleum can also be astarting point for biodegradable polymers, e.g. aliphatic aromatic

co-polyesters.

These polymers have technical properties resembling those ofpolyethylene (LDPE). Although these polymers are produced from

synthetic starting materials, they are fully biodegradable and

compostable.


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GLYCERIN BASED POLYMER PRODUCTS


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COMMERCIAL

BREAKTHROUGH


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BRASKEM PVT LIMITED Braskem announced the production of the first internationally

certified polyethylene made from sugarcane ethanol, using

competitive technologies developed at the companys Technologyand Innovation Center.

The green polymer developed by Braskem - a high-density

polyethylene, one of the resins most widely used in flexible

packagings.

The certification was conducted by a leading international

laboratory, Beta Analytic, which certified that the product

contained 100% renewable raw materials.

This international groundbreaking development by Braskem is

aligned with its innovation strategy and its commitment to

fostering sustainable development, fulfilling the expectations of

both Brazilian and international society for initiatives thatcontribute materiall to reducin the reenhouse effect.


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BIOTA SPRING WATER

The Biota Water bottle looks

and feels like plastic, but it's

actually made from corn.

The new, high-tech material is

just as effective as plastic and

it's biodegradable.

If you throw it in a landfill or

compost pile, the bottle dissolves

in as little as 80 days,

according to Biota.


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APPLICATIONS OF GREEN POLYMERS

Polymers have properties that make them suitable for use in

protecting products from moisture, increasing shelf-life andmaking products easier to dispense.

Every biopolymer has its own material-specific properties, e.g.

barrier properties such as oxygen permeability. The barrier

properties are relevant to the choice of biopolymers for the

packaging of particular products.

Bio-plastics have very promising prospects for use in pesticidesoil pins, for packaging in-flight catering products and for

packaging dairy products.


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RESEARCH PROGRESS


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SOYABEAN OIL

Soybean oil is available in large quantities from soybeanoilseeds and represents one of the cheapest and most

abundant annually renewable natural resources. It has been

now confirmed that a variety of promising new polymeric

materials-ranging from soft rubbers to hard, tough, rigid

plastics-can be prepared by cationic copolymerization of

readily available soybean oils with styrene and

divinylbenzene. This technique relies on the catalyst boron trifluoride

diethyl etherate to initiate the cationic polymerization of the

oil.


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BIOWASTE

A team of undergraduate engineering students at OregonState University have discovered that blending byproducts

from biodiesel production and winemaking produces an

environmentally friendly polymer that could one day replace

polystyrene foam meat trays in supermarkets.

It may also be valuable in the manufacture of furniture,

particle board, fire logs, insulation and even hair gel.

Producing biodiesel produces a lot of glycerin. Now itseems that even the waste from green industries can be put

to another good use one that can help in the solution to a

global problem.


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POLYLACTIC ACID

Poly-lactic acid (PLA) may provide a solution; it is apolyester material made from renewable resources that uses

less petroleum to make comparable petroleum-based fibres.

It also degrades easily in landfill.

However, use of PLA in commercial fabrics has not been

popular, in part because of difficulties in the dyeing process.

The sharp rise in the prices for petroleum, a major

component of PET and other packaging plastics, has madePLA a competitive alternative.

BIOPOLYMERS ARE RENEWABLE SUSTAINABLE


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BIOPOLYMERS ARE RENEWABLE, SUSTAINABLE,

AND CANBE CARBON NEUTRAL

Biopolymers are renewable, because they are made fromplant materials which can be grown year on year indefinitely.These plant materials come from agricultural non-food crops.

Therefore, the use of biopolymers would create a

sustainable industry.

In contrast, the feed stocks for polymers derived frompetrochemicals will eventually run out.

In addition, biopolymers have the potential to cut carbonemissions and reduce CO2 quantities in the atmosphere: this

is because the CO2 released when they degrade can bereabsorbed by crops grown to replace them: this makes them

close to carbon neutral.


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THANK YOU !

Date post:	07-Apr-2018
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Green Polymers.gautam

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