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2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
10
20
30
40
50
Gro
wth
(Rel
ative
)
Year
The Network Energy Gap
Mobile Data Internet Backbone
Mobile efficiency
Wireline efficiency
Growing Gap!
Traffic
Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE 2011
bits/watt
bits
Traffic growth is much higher than energy efficiency growth
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current challenges
for ICT
EU triple 20 by 2020
Sustainable development
Green ICT
Why green ?
New networks are being deployed and legacy are being renewed
to bear traffic exponential increase
to be traffic-ready (sustainable) for the next generation
Corporate social responsibility
Understand the main social indicators that make our networks and systems acceptable and sustainable : bring well-being to our customers
EU recommendations (triple 20 by 2020)
Corporate commitment
Promote Green as a service (ICT for green)
allow our customers to reduce their own footprint
green services (green computing, smart metering and M2M applications)
Green drives innovation (revisiting fundamentals, cellular deployment, smart networks)
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Transport
Mobile
Data center
POTS
DSL Access
Energy consumption of networks : trends
Data issued from a PhD study (L. Souchon) based on 2006 FT data collection
2006-2020 !
POTS: plain old telephony services
In mobile networks, the RAN is 80% of the total consumption Routing should be equivalent to access in the next years
Energy growth is exponential except for fixed access
CORE
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Proliferation of Devices, Services, Platforms
Access Energy > 10 W/user
Metro/Edge Energy ~ 1 W/user
Core Energy ~ 0.1 W/user
© 2011 GreenTouch Consortium
Mobile
Fiber to the Node
Remote
Fiber to the home
Central Office
today, energy Use is Largest at Endpoints: Access
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Enablers : How to make it green?
Standardization
Lyfe cycle analysis Tech-eco studies
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Focus : Energy consumption of mobile networks' components
Macro BTS is 80% of mobile consumption (access + backhaul)
PA is 70% of Macro-BTS consumption
80-90 % of a macro-BTS is constant – Traffic has low influence
Backup system
Dieselgenerator Battery
Backup system
Dieselgenerator Battery
Air conditioningCooling
Rectifier
Site support system
Mains(230V)
Transport
Digitalsignal
processing
AnalogTRX
PA
-48V
RF out
BTS
~20-35% of total site consumption
~60-70% of RBS consumption
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1 Sleep mode mechanisms
very low traffic demand during the night
can shut down a whole system or some resources
sleep mode mechanism shall be adapted to avoid “ping pong” rebound effect
9
energy saving
Traffic demand
IEEE S. El-ayoubi, P. Zimmerman Orange Labs
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Without Sleep Mode With Sleep Mode
QoS , coverage,
Access probability
Sleep-mode – simulation system
Energy consumption integrated in software – per cell or global – use of Base Station energy consumption models
Sleep mode simulations – can shut down a whole system or some resources
Compare sleep mode implementations: – dynamic or static sleep modes
S. El-ayoubi, P. Zimmerman Orange Labs
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Antenna suppliers
95 2005 2015
Improve link budget and reducing site footprint and visual impact
Trend for macro BS with a shift of RF from the cabinet to the antenna!!
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RRH
BBU hostelling
Cloud RAN
RAN evolution -
Mutualization (less power losses in cooling) cf conference on Networks architecture evolution
BBU: Base band unit (digital processing) RRH: Remote radio head (RF)
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Hardware supplier
Power amplifiers
large bandwidth systems need drastic hardware improvement mutualization improve energy consumption
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Hardware efficiency
March 2011
-Polar transmitter: 920-960MHz
-Broadcast power amplifier with envelop tracking: 470-860MHz
Advanced Doherty
Class AB
Polar transmitter
Celtic- OperaNET project
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trends in mobile Access
moving from « allways on « to allways available
Large scale antennas – reducing cost – Model large-scale-antennas systems – new concepts for signal processing hardware
Green transmission – Extension to multi-cell networks – Extension to heterogeneous or Multi-RAT systems – Extension to cooperative scenarios
Beyond cellular networks – separate signaling and capacity cells – Activation on demand – Advanced context information
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Hybrid PV roof shelter integrating BTS, batteries, diesel and optimised air conditioning (very cold climate in winter, hot in summer)
Wind turbine solutions
New sources (Striling, Ericson, Fuel Cells…)
New storage solutions (New battery technology, buried batteries…)
Global optimisation (sizing, sources, storage…)
Emerging countries : “Truly low cost” rural site engineering solutions
Guinea
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conclusion
many innovations driven by green technologies
need for a global view to avoid green washing and to identify enablers
green is an opportunity towards a sustainable digital world
– balance opex (energy) and capex (renewal)
On construit beaucoup de routes et pas assez de pont I. Newton