[United Nations Department of Economic and Social

Affairs, Earth Summit Agenda 21: The United Nations

Programme of Action from Rio (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)]

[United Nations Environment Programme, EnvironmentallySound Technologies for Sustainable Development, RevisedDraft (Osaka, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics,2003)], Based on Agenda 21, environmentally soundtechnologies are geared to “protect the environment, are lesspolluting, use all resources in a more sustainable manner,recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle residualwastes in a more acceptable manner than the technologies forwhich they were substituted.” Other related terms for greentechnology include: climate-smart, climate-friendly and low-carbon technology.

Ability to meet strict product specifications in foreign markets:

o Manufacturers in developing countries typically need to meet stricterenvironmental requirements and specifications to export their products toindustrialized countries than vice versa. The adoption of green technologies canhelp exporting companies to gain advantage and market share over competitors.

Reduction of input costs:

o Green technology can improve production efficiency through the reduction ofinput costs, energy costs and operating and maintenance costs, which canimprove a company’s competitive position.

Environmental image:

o Adopting green technology can improve a company’s environmental reputation,which is crucial if other competitors and consumers are becoming moreenvironmentally conscious.

Ability to meet stricter environmental regulations in the future:

o Companies that invest in green technology are more likely to be better equippedand ready for stricter environmental regulations as well as product specificationsthat are expected to be imposed on them in the future.

.

Source: The Economic

Times,11 Feb 2016.

Bharti Airtel Ltd, India's No 1 mobile carrier, announced the

migration of 40,000 of its network sitesacross India

to green technology.

Gopal Vittal, MD & CEO, Bharti Airtel (India South Asia) & said

Under " Project Leap", Bharti Airtel will establish a world-class and

future-ready network, while committing to bring down its carbon

footprint emission by 70 per cent by 2018.

"We plan to adopt solar and new battery technologies in a big way and

double our Green network sites by 2020," said Vittal.

Bharti Airtel has already installed roof top solar power capacity base

of 770 KWp and plans to increase this capacity to 1 MWp in coming

months and enhancing renewable energy wheeling by

solar/wind/hydro on core sites - thereby consuming > 65 GWH/Annum

of green energy.

Green building (also known as greenconstruction or sustainable building) refers to astructure and using process that is environmentallyresponsible and resource-efficient throughout abuilding's life-cycle: from sitting to design,construction, operation, maintenance, renovation,and demolition. This requires close cooperation ofthe design team, the architects, the engineers, andthe client at all project stages. The Green Buildingpractice expands and complements the classicalbuilding design concerns of economy, utility,durability, and comfort.

According to a recent study by

the US Green Building

Council (USGBC) for LEED outside of

the US, India has ranked 3rd in the

list after China, while Canada topped

the green rankings.

Currently, the Council has certified

nearly 2.07 billion sq/ft of green

footprints in India and has set a

target of 10 billion sq/ft by 2022.

At present, there are 200-plus

LEED rated green buildings in India,

about 40 IGBC green factory

buildings and almost 250 IGBC rated

green homes. Jun 1, 2014.

ITC GREENCENTRE – GURGAON

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport -

Hyderabad

This is 70 storey, 570foot tall tower is ahome for a singlefamily, that of IndianMukesh Ambani.

The tower has beendesigned by perkinsin 2010.

The design isinnovative with rooftopgardens.

SOURCE;https://shashadgujaran.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/antilla_building_mumbais_green_tower.jpg

Dematerialization One of the chief ways nanotechnology might decrease pollution is

through dematerialization -- the reduction of materials required formanufacturing. Products that can self-assemble out of small componentsuse much less material than ones we build from the top-down, whichgenerate waste and often require solvents and chemical processes.Meanwhile, researchers are also developing ingenious ways to monitorpollution, such as nanosensors that can biochemically detectcontamination and pathogens, in real time and over large areas.

Nanoscale Iron

Nanoscale iron offers one safe approach for neutralizing chlorinatedorganic solvents, organic chlorine-based pesticides like DDT andpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Add iron nanoparticles totetrachloroethene (a common solvent used in dry cleaning) and the ironoxidizes, or rusts, freeing up electrons. The reaction gobbles up theseelectrons, leaving ethene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon.

Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, isa philosophy of chemical research and engineeringthat encourages the design of products and processesthat minimize the use and generation of hazardoussubstances. Whereas environmental chemistry is thechemistry of the natural environment, and ofpollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeksto reduce and prevent pollution at its source.

Source;

data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQMAAADCCAMAAAB6zFdcAAAA8FBMVEX/

//9NkSource;BMtXQQ7

USA has been a forerunner in the promotion of thisawareness. They give Presidential Green ChemistryChallenge (PGCC) Awards to promote the design ofchemical products and manufacturing processes thatprevent pollution and are economically competitive.

It may be mentioned that some other countries,namely UK, Australia, Italy, have instituted severalawards to render Green chemistry practice morepopular and lucrative.

National Symposium: The first National Symposiumon Green chemistry was held in 1999 at theUniversity of Delhi, as a part of the Indian venture.

A National Workshop on Green Chemistry wasorganized by the Department of Chemistry, Universityof Delhi in March 2009 to bring together all who arepracticing Green chemistry in India for the first time.

Pharmaceutical industry in India Globally ranks 3rd in terms of

volume and 14th in terms of value according to Department of

Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

There is a great need to develop newer enzymes that can work at

ambient conditions and to determine their optimum activity by

in-depth study.

An interdisciplinary approach and healthy partnership between

research institutions and industry can very effectively evolve

solutions to problems faced like the increase in the cost of

chemical fertilizers and consequent risk of degradation of soil

fertility by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the role of

biofertilizers is becoming significant.

Monitoring and analysis of heavy metals and pesticides is very

important for an agroeconomy-based country like India, and

chief governmental institutes like the Indian Agricultural

Research Institute (IARI) and the Defense Research and

Development Organisation (DRDO) are working extensively in

this field.

Japan- TiO2 photocatalysts in Green chemistry:Secondgeneration titanium oxide-based photocatalytic systemshave been developed and shown to be important for thepurification of polluted water, the decomposition of offensiveatmospheric odours as well as toxins, the fixation of CO2 andthe decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons on a huge globalscale.

USA- The concept of atom economyand the synthesis ofmethylmethacrylate (producesusable product at a satisfactorycost).

India -Development of solid support reagents and catalystsuseful for organic transformations: Mg–Al–O–But-hydrotalcite, montmorillonites, and a layered double hydroxidefluoride–solid base catalyst for C–C bond formation20 provide afew examples of the solid support reagents that have beendeveloped at IICT, Hyderabad.

Renewable energy is energy that comes from

resources which are continually replenished

such sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geot

hermal heat.

About 16% of global final energy

consumption comes from renewable

resources, with 10% of all energy from

traditional biomass, mainly used for heating,

and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New

renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind,

solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for

another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The

share of renewables in electricity generation is

around 19%, with 16% of electricity coming from

hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.

SOURCE ; http://www.marketresearchreports.com/sites/default/files/blogima

ge/renewable-energy-potential-in-india-2014-2022.jpg

SOURCE : http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ajaiswal/SolarInstallations.jpg

31.01.2014.

India already had a total installed capacity of 1.9 GW of solar power by August 2013, with

plans of increasing the capacity by an additional 10 GW by 2017, totalling to 22 GW by

2022. This has been fuelled by regulatory frameworks and policies, including the National

Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, which aims for 15%

renewable energy by 2020.

Thrive Solar has implementedSolar Home Lighting Projects inrural areas through theMNRE/NABARD Subsidyprogramme. Under thisprogramme, beneficiaries buySolar Home Lighting Systemsof different capacities with 40%subsidy from MNRE underJawaharlal Nehru NationalSolar Mission (JNNSM). Thecapacities covered under thescheme are from 10Wp to200Wp. The scheme isimplemented throughNABARD, all Public Sector,Commercial and Rural banks.

PROGRAMMES APPROACH-

The project takes into account India’s diverse rural landscape. It is carrying outcluster-based pilot interventions in 26 villages in two distinct regions: Korba inChhattisgarh, and Kolwan in Maharashtra. It involves the use of three differentrenewable energy technologies: straight vegetable oil-based electricitygeneration, dry anaerobic digestion of napier grass, and napier grass-basedfuel pellet production. The project integrates the respective communities into itsactivities through the formation of village energy committees (VECs), sub-VECsand village energy enterprises (VEEs).

Results achieved so far-

To date, some 12 villages have been commissioned to produce the new fuelproducts, and their production is progressing successfully. In these villages,the community structures have been formed, and they are actively involved inmanaging the production systems. An operations team is also in place to managethe systems. In three villages, management of the systems has now been handedover to the local community.

Enterprises have been established using the electricity derived through the project.

The businesses include rice hullers, irrigation pumps, flour mills and producers of ready-to-eat food.

The VECs and sub VECs are now involved in revenue collection.

Meanwhile, supply chains for important feedstock have been established, based on contract farmers who grow napier grass and with links to jatropha seed traders.

The solar steam system, which was recentlyinaugurated by New and RenewableEnergy Minister Farooq Abdullah, hasbeen designed for cooking food for devoteesvisiting the Sai temple, according to therelease which is “WORLDS LARGESTSOOLAR COOKING SYSTEM”.

By installing the solar powered cooker, at acost of Rs 1.33 crore, the organiser cancook food for 20,000 people per dayincurring cheaper cost on fuel.

The Centre has granted a subsidy of Rs58.40 lakh so that Sri Sai BabaSansthanan can save every year 1lakhkg of LPG, estimated to cost Rs20,00,000.

Some of the other large solar steamcooking systems installed include one atMount Abu in Rajasthan for 10,000people per day, Tirupathi in AndhraPradesh for 15,000 people a day.

Most significant solar cooking project in shirdi sai natha, Maharashtra ,India.

source:http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/solarcooking/images/2/25/Shirdi_roof_collector_array.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20100425231949

Travelling from Howrah for 81 kms taking a 90 minutes ferry ride fromPatharpratima, is what takes one to the beautiful village of Indrapur, inSundarbans which leaves you spellbound. The only way to access the projectlocation was through a 90 minute ferry ride from Patharpratima, the closestferry dock which is 81 kms away from the nearest railway station.

Tata Power Solar successfully custom designed, engineered and installed a110 kW solar plant that was commissioned in March 2011.

Access to solar energy without continuous sun: Despite a population of200,000, the island has no mains electricity supply. To make up for the lackof continuous exposure to sun, Tata Power Solar custom designed a uniquesolar power system on a two day autonomy mechanism in which battery bankwas altered to discharge a 25 – 30% per day irrespective of a sunny or acloudy day. This way the battery stores up to 70-80% energy that can be usedthe following day.

Impact-Well suited to the fragile ecosystem of the region, the solar powerplant gives the fishing community of 10,000 people access to electricityand clean water. Over 2000 families have electricity and children areable to use good quality of light to do their homework after dark.Literacy rates have improved and the island economy has been boosted byextended working hours, especially the periodically held village markets. Thevillage now enjoys a night bazaar where its people are able to go buy freshfruits and vegetables.

INDIA West Bengal , Sagar Island in Sundarban the delta of Ganga river ,

solar power

At the Chennai factory of startup VortexEngineering, technicians are building Solar ATMsthat can work far better in rural areas comparedwith conventional cash machines.

"This makes it a $ 500-600 million opportunity forcompanies like Vortex Engineering that have acustomized and relevant product for the market,"says Sateesh Andra, managing partner at VentureEast Tenet Fund, an early investor into the company.

Vortex ATMs use only up to 100 watts – about as much asit takes to light a bulb.

In 2008, the first ATM rolled out of the Vortexfactory as a pilot project for India's largest bank theState Bank of India. In 2009, the State Bank ofIndia ordered 545 ATMs, of which 300 were solar.By 2011 it was selling to Nepal, Bangladesh, Djiboutiand Madagascar.

IN 2015 the company will roll out 5,000 ATMs tomore than 20 rural bank companies and look toexpand internationally. SOURCE: CNBC Neerja Jetley

Tuesday, 1 Apr 2014 | 8:37 AM

ET

Japan initiated the Top Runner Programme to improve energy efficiency of

end-use products, as a cornerstone of its climate change policy. The idea

is that the most energy-efficient product on the market during the

standard-setting process establishes the “Top Runner standard” which all

corresponding product manufacturers will aim to achieve in the next

stage.The targeted products account for more than 70 per cent of

residential electricity use. But the target is over achieved For example,-

The energy efficiency of room air conditioners improved by 68 per cent,

of refrigerators by 55 per cent, of TV receivers by 26 per cent, of

computers by 99 per cent, of fluorescent lights by 78 per cent, of

vending machines by 37 per cent and of gasoline passenger cars by

23 per cent (Japan, Energy Conservation Center, 2008), representing

enormous technical improvements and attaining one of the highest levels

of energy efficiency in the world.

Portugal - increased the share of renewable (including hydroelectric

power) in total energy supply from 17 to 45 per cent in just five

years, between 2005 and 2010. Such accelerated transitions will likely

be easier in small and resource-rich or affluent economies than in large

and resourcepoor or low-income countries.

The plastic waste material is first shredded to a particular size using a shredding machine. The

plastic waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the resulting mix is used for road

construction. The road laying temperature is between 110°c to 120°c. The roller used has a capacity of

8 tons.

Prof R Vasudevan’s also made plastone made of plastic and stone , Which can float also.

Jamshedpur, Uttarakhand, Kerala and Tamil Nadu already implemented this road making policy.

Prof R Vasudevan

Source:http://www.thebetterindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/plastic-man-fb-

post.jpg

Organic agriculture, according to the Codex AlimentariusCommission, is “a holistic production management system thatavoids use of synthetic fertilizer, pesticides and geneticallymodified organisms, minimizes pollution of air, soil and waterand optimizes the health and productivity of interdependentcommunities of plants, animals and people. The market forglobal organic food and beverage is currently estimated ataround US$104.5 billion by 2015.

Organic agriculture consists of practices that increase resourceefficiency by optimizing nutrient and energy flow whileminimizing human health risks and environmental impactincludes:

• Crop rotations

• Crop diversity

• Integrated livestock production

• Organic fertilizer

• Biological pest control

The Korean Government has already started adapting its agriculture

sector in the face of a changing climate. The adaptation strategy was

charted in a roadmap for 2030 designed in three phases: short-term base

build-up phase (2010–2013), mid-term take-off phase (2014–2019) and

long-term settlement phase (2020–2030). Each phase covers seven

categories, and a total of 19 adaptation measures listed below:

• R&D – breeding, production technology development, base technology

development, resource management innovation and climate information

system .

• Infrastructure management – farmland management, agricultural water

management and agricultural facility management .

• Economic means – provision of grants.

• Legal and institutional improvement – insurance system expansion,

resource management system set-up and regional plans.

• Human resource training and education – training, education and public

relations.

• Monitoring – assessment of adaptation and vulnerability.

• Technology and management applicable to farm households –

production technology management, soil management, water management

and farm household finance management.

The Chinese government’s agricultural countermeasuresagainst climate change are largely divided intogreenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation.

The mitigation strategies entail:

• Popularizing of low carbon-emitting, multi-harvesting ricevarieties and half-drought type cultivation techniques;

• Adopting efficient irrigation methods and soil-specificfertilization techniques;

• Researching and developing high-quality ruminant breedingtechnology and stockbreeding management technologies;

• Strengthening the management of animal excrement,wastewater and solid wastes;

• Improving the efficiency of methane use; and controllingmethane emissions.

Sustainable transport refers to the broad subjectof transport that is sustainable in the senses of social,environmental and climate impacts and the ability to, in theglobal scope, supply the source energy indefinitel.

USA- The 2007 revision of CAFE no longer exempts

light trucks classified as SUVs or passenger vans

(unless they exceed a 4.5 t gross vehicle weight rating),

and the aim is to increase fleet efficiency to 35 mpg

by 2020. For comparison, the 1913 Model T Ford,

which was the world’s first mass-produced automobile,

averaged 25 mpg.

All new cars in New Zealand currently rate between

34 and 62 mpg.

The EU corporate vehicle standard of 130 gCO2/km,

to be achieved by 2012, is equivalent to 47 mpg (or

5 litres (l)/100 km) for a gasoline-fuelled car.

Eco-design, which is often referred to as cradle-to-cradle design

(C2C), is a policy tool aimed at improving the environmental

performance of products throughout their lifecycle by introducing

specific requirements in their design stage. Eco-design can take a

variety of forms, such as guidelines, checklists, indicators and

life-cycle assessment. While eco-labelling helps to disclose

information on the products in order to assist consumers in

making informed decisions, eco-design, in contrast, directly

influences the way the product is designed, manufactured,

packaged, transported, used and disposed.

These groups of products under consideration include windows,

steam boilers (less than 50MW), power cables, enterprises

servers, storage and ancillary equipment, and smart

appliances/meters. According to the working plan, these priority

product groups are estimated to achieve energy savings of

1,157 TWh per year by 2030.

In Malaysia, green technology has beenrecognized as a driver for future economicgrowth, energy security, climate changemitigation and adaptation. In April 2009, theMalaysian prime minister proclaimed his vision of aGreen Malaysia and demonstrated his commitmentto climate change mitigation and energy security byescalating the advancement of green technologythrough the creation of the Ministry of Energy,Green Technology and Water. The prime ministerfurther enunciated his vision by developingPutrajaya and Cyberjava as pioneer townships ingreen technology that were to become a showcasefor the development of other townships across thecountry.

1. Increase energy efficiency by 20% points by 2016-

2017. Estimated Rs.15 crore has been spent for green

technology in India in 2011.

2. New and Renewable Energy Plan,(2011-2017).

3. Electricity Act, 2003. amended in 2004 and 2007.

4. National Bio-fuel mission,2003.

5. The Government of India approved the National Policy

on Biofuels in December 2009.

6. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was

launched on the 11th January, 2010.

7. Through these provisions India aims to meet 20% of

countries total requirement of energy from renewable

sources by 2020.

Green technologies are an

approach towards saving earth

and are necessary if we want to

live on earth beyond two

centuries.

Green technologies offer a way

out of destruction.