Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effectwhat is it? what is it?

Which are the greenhouse gasesWhich are the greenhouse gases

water vapor, which contributes 36–70%water vapor, which contributes 36–70% carbon dioxide, which contributes 9–26%carbon dioxide, which contributes 9–26% methane, which contributes 4–9%methane, which contributes 4–9% ozone, which contributes 3–7%ozone, which contributes 3–7%

COCO2 2 and fossil fuelsand fossil fuels

1.1. Fossil fuels burning producesFossil fuels burning produces CO CO22

22. CO. CO2 2 is accumulating in the atmosphereis accumulating in the atmosphere 3.3. Heat from solar energy is trapped Heat from solar energy is trapped

beneath beneath COCO2 2 layerlayer4.4. Temperature of the atmosphere Temperature of the atmosphere

becomes higherbecomes higher

Is there evidence for global Is there evidence for global warming?warming?

It appears It appears that there is a that there is a temperature temperature increase of increase of 0.5 0.5 ooC the last C the last 100 years100 years

What is the relationship between global warming What is the relationship between global warming and greenhouse gases ?and greenhouse gases ?

Can you see the similarity?!Can you see the similarity?!

The impact of global warming in The impact of global warming in EuropeEurope

Southeastern NorwaySoutheastern Norway The year 2000 was the wettest year since records began in 1895. The year 2000 was the wettest year since records began in 1895.

Precipitation in northern Europe has increased 10-40% in the lastPrecipitation in northern Europe has increased 10-40% in the last century.century.

   Samos Island, Greece Samos Island, Greece  July 2000 Fires due to dry conditions and record-breaking heat July 2000 Fires due to dry conditions and record-breaking heat

consumed one-fifth of the island. Temperatures reached up to 104F consumed one-fifth of the island. Temperatures reached up to 104F (40(40 C) in some areasC) in some areas. .

Caucasus Mountains, Russia Caucasus Mountains, Russia Half of all glacial ice disappeared in the past 100 yearsHalf of all glacial ice disappeared in the past 100 years. .

Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean Decreasing ice cover. Satellite measurements indicate Decreasing ice cover. Satellite measurements indicate

the area of perennial ice cover has decreased by about the area of perennial ice cover has decreased by about 7% per decade since 1978. 7% per decade since 1978.

The impact of global warming in The impact of global warming in EuropeEurope (continued) (continued)

United Kingdom United Kingdom Birds laying eggs early. From 1971 to 1995, 31 percent of 65 bird species Birds laying eggs early. From 1971 to 1995, 31 percent of 65 bird species

studied in England showed significant trends towards earliestudied in England showed significant trends towards earlierregg laying, moving egg laying, moving

up the date by an average of 8.8 daysup the date by an average of 8.8 days Austria Austria Alpine plants retreat up mountains. Over a 70 to 90 year period, alpine plants in Alpine plants retreat up mountains. Over a 70 to 90 year period, alpine plants in

the Austrian and Swiss Alps moved higher up on mountain slopes in response the Austrian and Swiss Alps moved higher up on mountain slopes in response to an increase in average annual temperature. to an increase in average annual temperature.

Turku, Finland Turku, Finland Longer growing season. The growing season has lengthened by over 10 days Longer growing season. The growing season has lengthened by over 10 days

over the last century. Throughout the Nordic region the start of the growing over the last century. Throughout the Nordic region the start of the growing

season has become progressively earlier by between 4 and 12 days.season has become progressively earlier by between 4 and 12 days. and so on !!!and so on !!!

Global annual COGlobal annual CO2 2 emissionsemissions23.579 million tones23.579 million tones of of CO2CO2 are emitted annually from human are emitted annually from human activitiesactivitiesOnly 20%Only 20% of energy used does not produce CO2 of energy used does not produce CO2

The Kyoto ProtocolThe Kyoto Protocol

TThe Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to he Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) European community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012. against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012.

But aBut are the European member states meeting their Kyoto 2012 carbon re the European member states meeting their Kyoto 2012 carbon dioxide(CO2) emission targets?dioxide(CO2) emission targets?

The 2010 projection figures are based on existing domestic policies and The 2010 projection figures are based on existing domestic policies and measures, already implemented by the member states.measures, already implemented by the member states.

Figures are in Megaton (Mt CO2-eq). Figures are in Megaton (Mt CO2-eq). 

EU MEMBER STATE 2003 2004 2005

PROJECTIONS 2010

KYOTO TARGET 2012

% UNDER KYOTO TARGET

ESTONIA 21.2 21.2 20.7 18.9 40 52.7% LATVIA 10.7 10.7 10.9 13.6 23.3 41.6% BULGARIA - 68.9 69.8 87.1 127.3 31.6% ROMANIA - 160.1 153.7 192.5 259.9 26.0% LITHUANIA 16.7 21.1 22.6 33.5 44.1 24.0% HUNGARY 83.3 79.5 80.5 87.4 114.9 23.9% POLAND 382.5 396.7 399 420 551.7 23.9% CZECH REPUBLIC 147.5 147.1 145.6 145.7 180.6 19.3% SLOVAKIA 51.1 49.5 48.7 58.3 67.2 13.2% UNITED KINGDOM 658 660.4 657.4 595.6 678.3 12.2%

SWEDEN 70.9 69.7 67 69.8 75.2 7.2% GERMANY 1024.4 1025 1001.5 955.4 972.9 1.8%

% OVER KYOTO TARGET

LUXEMBOURG 11.3 12.8 12.7 14.2 9.1 56.0% AUSTRIA 92.5 91.2 93.3 92.5 68.7 34.7% SPAIN 407.4 425.2 440.6 410.2 331.6 23.7% ITALY 577.3 580.5 582.2 587.3 485.7 20.9% FINLAND 85.4 81.2 69.3 85 71.1 19.5% SLOVENIA 19.7 19.9 20.3 21.6 18.6 16.1% DENMARK 73.6 68.2 63.9 62.6 54.8 14.2% PORTUGAL 83.7 84.6 85.5 88 77.4 13.7% IRELAND 68.4 68.6 69.9 68.4 63 8.6% GREECE 137.2 137.6 139.2 150.4 139.6 7.7% NETHERLANDS 215.4 218.4 212.1 211.8 200.4 5.7% BELGIUM 147.6 147.6 143.8 141.6 135.9 4.2% FRANCE 560.9 556.1 553.4 569 564 0.9% MALTA 3.1 3.2 3.4 2.2 NO TARGET CYPRUS 9.2 9.9 9.9 12.2 NO TARGET

The average The average EuropeanEuropean producesproduces

11 tonnes11 tonnes of of COCO22 equivalent equivalent per yearper year

What can we do asWhat can we do as

individualsindividuals in order to reducein order to reduce

Carbon Dioxide EmissionsCarbon Dioxide Emissions ??

Four simple stepsFour simple steps 1 Turn down1 Turn down

2 Switch off2 Switch off

3 Recycle3 Recycle

4 Walk4 Walk

ReferencesReferences http://environment.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/sreport_graphic/energy-fuels-mg18725151500.jp

g

http://www.carbonfootprint.com/http://www.carbonfootprint.com/ http://actonco2.direct.gov.uk/index.htmlhttp://actonco2.direct.gov.uk/index.html http://www.mycarbonfootprint.eu/index.cfm?language=enhttp://www.mycarbonfootprint.eu/index.cfm?language=en http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htm http://www.climatehotmap.org/http://www.climatehotmap.org/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/pdf/reducing_emissions_energy_transport.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/pdf/reducing_emissions_energy_transport.pdf httphttp://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/subjects.aspx http://www.geocities.com/pfourtgr/

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