GREENHOUSE GAS - Sidel · 1.2. REPORTING YEAR AND REFERENCE YEAR FOR THE FISCAL PERIOD..... 5 2. GG...

SEPTEMBER 2012 Legal notes

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ASSESSMENT (GG) Sidel Octeville sur Mer

Scope 1 and 2

Greenhouse Gas emission assessment (GG) - Scope 1 and 2 - September 2012 2

SUMMARY

1. General description .............................................................................................. 4 1.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE LEGAL ENTITY CONCERNED .................................................................. 4

1.2. REPORTING YEAR AND REFERENCE YEAR FOR THE FISCAL PERIOD ................................... 5

2. GG emissions........................................................................................................ 6 2.1. SCOPE 1: DIRECT GG EMISSIONS ................................................................................................. 7

2.1.1. Emission STATION n°1 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Emission STATION n°2 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3. Emission STATION n°3 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.4. Emission STATION n°4 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1.5. Emission STATION n°5 ..................................................................................................... 8

2.2. SCOPE 2: INDIRECT EMISSIONS LINKED TO ENERGY................................................................ 8

2.2.1. Emission STATION n°6 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2. Emission STATION n°7 ..................................................................................................... 8

2.3. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS ........................................................................................................ 9

2.3.1. Results in tabular form....................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2. Results in graphic form...................................................................................................... 9

3. Uncertainties and exclusions ............................................................................ 13 3.1. UNCERTAINTIES............................................................................................................................. 13

3.2. REASONS FOR EXCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 13

3.3. EMISSION FACTORS AND GWP USED......................................................................................... 13

4. Plan of action - summary ................................................................................... 14

5. Publication of the GG emission assessment ................................................... 15 5.1. PRESENTATION WEBSITE............................................................................................................. 15

5.2. INDIVIDUAL IN CHARGE OF THE GG EMISSION ASSESSMENT ............................................... 15

6. Additonnal data................................................................................................... 15

7. Appendices ......................................................................................................... 16 7.1. APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT AND CHALLENGES ............................................................................... 16

7.1.1. The greenhouse effect..................................................................................................... 16 7.1.2. Greenhouse gases .......................................................................................................... 16 7.1.3. Past development of co2 and temperature ...................................................................... 19 7.1.4. Impacts in France ............................................................................................................ 20


7.2. APPENDIX 2: PRESENTATION OF THE METHOD ....................................................................... 21

7.2.1. Why is a carbon assessment required? .......................................................................... 21 7.2.2. Brief overview of the method........................................................................................... 22 7.2.3. Exhaustiveness of the carbon assessment and comparative analysis ........................... 23

7.3. APPENDIX 3: A FEW ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE.......................................................................... 23


1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE LEGAL ENTITY CONCERNED

Company name: SAS (for Sidel Blowing & Services)

NAF code: 28 96Z (for Sidel Blowing & Services)

SIREN code: The SIREN code of the obligated legal entity is:

SIREN N° 424 623 759 : Sidel Blowing & Services However, this Greenhouse Gas Emission Assessment (GGEA) covers 3 other SIREN number on the same site:

SIREN N° 409,753,811 Sidel Services SIREN N° 378,141,477 : Sidel Holding SIREN N° 365,501,089 : Sidel Participations

Address: Avenue de la Patrouille de France

Octeville-sur-Mer BP 204

76053 Le Havre, France

Number of employees: This GGEA concerns a total of 984 employees.

Sidel Blowing & Services: 843 employee Sidel Services: 138 employees Sidel Holding: 0 employee Sidel Participations : 3 employees

Brief description of business:

Sidel is one of the leading worldwide suppliers of liquid packaging solutions for the food industry: water, carbonated drinks, milk, sensitive beverages, oils, beer and alcoholic beverages. Sidel is currently one of Tetra Laval’s three industry divisions along with Tetra Pak and DeLaval.

Consolidation method: Operational control

Description of the chosen organizational layout:

The Octeville site consists of 10 buildings on a total area of 47,925 m²:

Sales range 1: Moldshop with R&D lab Sales range 2: General services, shipping and warehouse Sales range 3: Assembly and running in of PET blowing machines Sales range 4: Offices (triangular) Sales range 5: Offices (circular) Sales range 6: Assembly and running in of more advances machines Training site Restaurant Guardhouse Work council Guardhouse Work council


Diagram of the layout of the chosen PM:

Description of the chosen operational layout:

Emission categories and stations covered:

Scope 1 –Direct emissions: All stations Scope 2 – Indirect emissions associated with energy: All stations

The other indirect emissions (scope 3) and avoided emissions are not quantified.

1.2. REPORTING YEAR AND REFERENCE YEAR FOR THE FISCAL PERIOD

Reporting year: 2012

Reference year: 2012

Explanation: 2012 is the year of the first GGEA and therefore also corresponds to the reference year.


2. GG EMISSIONS

Emissions evaluated separately for each station and each GG in tonnes and equivalent CO2 values.

The Carbon Assessment method of the ADEME considers three inventory scopes for GG emissions with increasing ranges.

Scope 1 corresponds to direct emissions such as energy consumption excluding electricity, fuel combustion, emissions from industrial processes and fugitive emissions (due to leaking refrigerants, for example).

Scope 2 corresponds to indirect emissions linked to energy such as the electricity consumption or the consumption of steam or hot and cold air via

distribution networks.

Scope 3 comprises all other indirect emissions (purchasing of raw materials, packaging, production of fuels, stoppages, employee transport, upstream/downstream freight, direct waste, waste water, use and end of life of sold products, etc.).

Only scopes 1 and 2 will be taken into account in this GG analysis as they are compulsory within the framework of article 75 of law n°2010-788 of 12 July 2010. They include the 7 emission stations presented below.


2.1. SCOPE 1: DIRECT GG EMISSIONS

2.1.1. Emission STATION n°1

This corresponds to energy combustion in buildings and on industrial sites.

In 2011, Sidel consumed:

6,799 MWh of natural gas in boilers

50 liters of fuel oil with the sprinkler

The data used corresponds to the quantities invoiced on site.


This corresponds to the combustion of fuels consumed by vehicles belonging to the firm. Leasing vehicles have also been taken into account.

Sidel possesses 3 types of vehicle (purchased or leased):

1 heavy good vehicle: HGV

12 utility/commercial vehicles: UCV (50% leased)

46 private vehicles: PC

In 2011, Sidel consumed the following fuel quantities:

TYPE PURCHASE / LEASE

DIESEL CONSUMPTION

(I)

PETROL CONSUMPTION

(I)

LPG CONSUMPTION

(I)

Purchased 7484.19 0 0 HGV

Leased - - -

Purchased 3512.43 904.72 904.72 UCV

Leased 5321.87 0 0

Purchased - - - PC

Leased 69381.30 0 0


This corresponds to direct emission from procedures, excluding energy (decarbonation, for example). There are no direct emissions due to procedures.



This corresponds to leaking refrigerants.

The refrigerant gases used on the site are R22, R407C, R134A, R422D and R22T. However, in 2011, only R22T and R422D were refilled with the following quantities:

7.23 kg of R22T

7.65 kg of R422D

R22 will be taken into account even though it is a non-Kyoto gas.


This corresponds to emissions from the biomass (earth and forests).

None of Sidel’s emissions stem from biomass.

2.2. SCOPE 2: INDIRECT EMISSIONS LINKED TO ENERGY


This corresponds to the production, transportation and distribution of imported, consumed electricity.

In 2011, Sidel consumed 14,893 MWh of electricity, notably in air conditioning / heating premises, bottle blowing (process) and lighting.


This corresponds to the production, transportation and distribution of imported, consumed steam / heat / cold. Sidel does not consume this type of energy and therefore no emissions are linked to this station.


2.3. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 2.3.1. Results in tabular form

Sidel’s overall emission assessment for GG is 2,851 tCO2e.

Details of these emissions by station and by gas are presented in the table below:

GG emissions (in tonnes)

Assessment year and reference year: 2012

Emission

categories n° Emission stations CO2

(tonnes)

CH4 (tonne

s)

N2O (tonne

s)

Autres (tonne

s)

TOTAL(tCO2e)

CO2 b(tonne

s) 1 Direct emissions of fixed sources of

combustion 1321 0.122 0.061 0 1343 0

2 Direct emissions of mobile sources with heat motor 217 0.003 0.007 0 219 13

3 Direct emissions of processes excluding energy 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Direct fugitive emissions 0 0 0 0.015 34 0 5 Emissions stemming from biomass

(earth and forests) 0 0 0 0 0 0

SCO

PE 1

Direct GG emissions

SUB-TOTAL 1539 0.125 0.068 0.015 1596 13 6 Indirect emissions linked to the

consumption of electricity 1255

7 Indirect emissions linked to the

consumption of steam, heat or cold 0

SCO

PE 2

Indirect emissions associated with energy

SUB-TOTAL 1255

2.3.2. Results in graphic form

2.3.2.1. Overall results with uncertainties


The distribution of these 2,841 tCO2e is as follows:

47% for heat (station 1)

8% for fuel consumption (station 2)

1% for refrigerants (station 4)

44% for electricity consumption (station 6)

2.3.2.2. Details relating to station 1 (heat) Heat represents 47% of the overall carbon impact.

This is due exclusively to the consumption of natural gas since fuel oil consumption is negligible.

2.3.2.3. Details relating to station 2 (heat) Fuel represents 8% of the overall carbon impact.

Within this station, the most notable consumption is that of leased private vehicles (80% of the fuel impact).


The significant impact of private vehicles (79.7%) is logical as they represent 77.6% of the vehicle fleet.

The only heavy goods vehicle (2% of the vehicle fleet) accounts for 8.6% of the total impact of fuel consumption.


2.3.2.4. Details relating to station 4 (air conditioning) Fuel represents 1% of the overall carbon impact.

2.3.2.5. Details relating to station 6 (electricity) Electricity represents 44% of the overall carbon impact.

Within this station, lighting represents only 7.5%.

The lighting percentage has been estimated as follows. A lighting audit was conducted in 2000, which revealed that lighting consumed 1,109 MWh of electricity. In order to evaluate the lighting percentage, we would need to consider the overall electricity consumption in 2000. Since this information is not available, we obtained an approximation based on the average total annual consumption during the 2006/2011 period. No buildings have been installed since 2000 and the consumption of electricity between 2006 and 2011 is relatively stable. Overall consumption in 2000 was therefore estimated at 14,565 MWh.


3. UNCERTAINTIES AND EXCLUSIONS

3.1. UNCERTAINTIES

Whenever we use a method which applies emission factors to activity data, two sources of uncertainty apply when GG emissions are calculated:

uncertainties surrounding the activity data

uncertainties surrounding the emission factors

Activity data may either be available directly (for example, the kWh read on a meter) or more or less estimated on the basis of indirect data.

For the previous results, uncertainties exist surrounding:

99.8 t CO2e, or 6.2%, for direct emissions.

150.6 t CO2e, or 12%, for indirect emissions associated with energy.

The total uncertainty corresponds to 249.8 t CO2e. or 8.8% of the total direct and indirect emissions of GG.

The main uncertainty concerns fugitive emissions with around 30%, due mainly to uncertainties surrounding the emissions factors.

It should be pointed out that the only uncertainty relating to the quality of data concerns the consumption of fuel oil, which has a negligible impact. This has been defined at 30%.

Emission categories

no. Emission stations TOTAL

(tCO2e) Uncertaintie

s (tCO2e) Uncertaintie

s (%)

1 Direct emissions of fixed sources of combustion 1343 67.2 5%

2 Direct emissions of mobile sources with heat motor 219 21.9 10%

3 Direct emissions of processes excluding energy 0 0 0

4 Direct fugitive emissions 34 10.1 30%

5 Emissions stemming from biomass (earth and forests) 0 0 0

SCO

PE 1

Direct GG emissions

SUB-TOTAL 1596 99.2 6.2%

6 Indirect emissions linked to the consumption of electricity 1255 150.6 12%

7 Indirect emissions linked to the consumption of steam, heat or cold 0 0 0

SCO

PE 2

Indirect emissions associated with energy

SUB-TOTAL 1255 150.6 12%

3.2. REASONS FOR EXCLUSIONS

No exclusions have been applied in this evaluation concerning sources of GG or GG emissions stations.

3.3. EMISSION FACTORS AND GWP USED

With the exception of the R422D factor (see box below), all the emission factors and GWP used are obtained from the carbon database (Base Carbone ®).

Amendments of the FE


Amended FE Documentary source or calculation method

R422D R422D is a mixture of 31.5% R134a, 65.1% HFC 125 and 3.4% R600a. Since the GWP of R600a is negligible (GWP = 3) compared with the other 2 and the ratio of this gas is low, it has not been taken into consideration.

www.efficaciteenergetique.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/medias/pdf/Opter/FI_refrigeration_WEB.pdf

http://www.pangas.ch/international/web/lg/ch/likelgchpangasde.nsf/docbyalias/mul_we_gas_nav

4. PLAN OF ACTION - SUMMARY

Sidel has decided to take the following action:

Action Description Gains (t eq CO2/an)

Good practice

Training staff to apply correct practice on a daily basis 80

KPI

Developing KPI and monitoring resources 65

Optimization of machines and technical facilities

Continuing to optimize machines and technical facilities (on-going) 63

LED lighting

Using LED lighting (on-going) 38

Displaying consumption

Displaying energy consumption levels 13

All these actions would result in a net gain of around 259 t eq CO2/year compared with the situation in 2011, equivalent to a reduction of around 9.5%. Other actions, which have not been applied in the short term, may also be considered at a later date with the aim of making continuous improvements:

Creating an infrared thermography of buildings Creating a station dedicated to the consideration and implementation of solutions Obtaining a fleet of hybrid vehicles Amending temperature requirements Increasing ventilation in order to limit air renewal Training staff to drive in an eco-friendly manner Reducing areas which are lit at night and at weekends Considering the optimization of the running in of machines


5. PUBLICATION OF THE GG EMISSION ASSESSMENT

5.1. PRESENTATION WEBSITE

The GG emission assessment is made available to the public on the following site:

http://www.sidel.fr/developpement-durable-et-gouvernance-dentreprise/environnement/sites-usines

5.2. INDIVIDUAL IN CHARGE OF THE GG EMISSION ASSESSMENT

Individual in charge of monitoring:

Stéphane Aymonier

Function: Group HSE manager

Address : Avenue de la Patrouille de France

Octeville-sur-Mer BP 204

76053 Le Havre, France

Tél : +33 (0)2 32 85 89 28

Email : [email protected]

6. ADDITONNAL DATA

Has a GG emission assessment been conducted in the past?

Yes ☐ No ☒

Was this GG emission assessment conducted within the firm or by a research department?

Internally ☐ By a research department ☒


7. APPENDICES

7.1. APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT AND CHALLENGES

7.1.1. The greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane are present naturally in the atmosphere. By absorbing some of the infrared radiation given off by the earth (the earth emits as much energy as it receives from the sun in the form of infrared radiation), they maintain a sufficient quantity of heat on the earth to allow for the existence of life forms. Without this “greenhouse effect”, the average surface temperature would be around 33°C lower than the current temperature (-18°C compared with +15°C)

Figure 7-1 : Impact of greenhouse gases (Source: Nicolas Hulot foundation)

All other things being equal, a 20% increase in the greenhouse effect would increase this temperature difference in the same proportion, namely around 6°C, which would have the direct consequence of disturbing the climate of our planet.

7.1.2. Greenhouse gases

7.1.2.1. “Natural” and “artificial” GG 7.1.2.1.1. “Natural” GG

The two main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect on the earth, since our planet has had an atmosphere which resembles the current one, are:

Water vapour (H2O) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

These two greenhouse gases are “natural”, in other words they were present in the atmosphere before the appearance of the human race. This ancient presence indicates that they possess natural sources but also “wells” which remove the gases in question from the atmosphere and allow the concentration to remain more or less stable. In the case of water vapour, the “well” is rain and in the case of CO2 part of the well is simply photosynthesis.

Apart from water vapour and CO2, the main “natural” greenhouses gases are:

Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Ozone (O3)

To say that these gases are "natural", and therefore have natural sources, obviously does not mean that man does not have any influence on their emissions or their concentration in the atmosphere. For the 3 gases referred to above and for CO2, it has been proven that man plays a part and has significantly increased their concentration in the air.

7.1.2.1.2. “Artificial” GG

In addition to “natural” greenhouse gases, there are other gases which can be referred to as “artificial”: these are industrial gases which are only present in the atmosphere because of


man. The main “industrial" greenhouse gases are halocarbons: this is a huge family of gases which are obtained by replacing the hydrogen in a hydrocarbon molecule (such as propane, butane or octane) with a halogen gas (fluoride or chlorine). The molecules obtained have two important properties for us:

They have a high infrared absorption capacity, much more than carbon dioxide in equal quantities

Some of them (perfluorcarbons for example) are extremely chemically stable in the atmosphere and only the most “energetic” part of solar and interstellar radiation (ultraviolet and cosmic rays) can “break” the bonds in these molecules when they are in the atmosphere. These halocarbon molecules can therefore have extremely long lifespans in the atmosphere as they have to wait until they are distributed in the stratosphere before they are "broken" and this can take thousands of years.

An example of an industrial gas which is often referred to in specialized circles is sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). It is used, for example, in electrical applications (transformers) and certain types of double glazing.

7.1.2.2. Which gases contribute most in the greenhouse effect? 7.1.2.2.1. Contribution to the “natural” greenhouse effect

Clouds and water vapour are responsible for 72% of the natural greenhouse effect and our action against these GG is insignificant. If the temperature of the air is increased, it will inevitably contain an increased quantity of water vapour.

The other gases, mainly CO2 (representing around two thirds) are responsible for the remaining greenhouse effect on the earth (28%). Human activity has a significant impact on the latter concentrations. This is known as the anthropic greenhouse effect.

Figure 7-2 : distribution of additional GG of anthropic origin (source : www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Repclimat.pdf )

7.1.2.2.2. Contribution to the “anthropic” greenhouse effect

If we consider only the greenhouse effect of human origin, which is also known as the “anthropic” greenhouse effect, the distribution by gas is completely different1 :CO2 (hydrocarbon combustion 80%, deforestation 20%) accounts for 53%. This is due mainly to the combustion of fossil energy (coal, oil, gas), deforestation and emissions from certain industries (cement production for example).

1 Source : GIEC 2001, scientific elements – summary: p35 à 41


Methane (CH4) represents 17%. This is formed when an organic component decomposes in the absence of oxygen in the air. Methane of human origin stems mainly from the breeding of ruminants, the cultivation of rice, household waste emissions and the oil industry.

Halocarbons (refrigerant gases, CFCs, etc.) are responsible for 12% of the anthropic greenhouse effect. These gases do not have natural emissions and stem from refrigerant gases, propellant gases and certain industrial processes (manufacturing of plastic foam, computer components, etc.).

Nitrous oxide (N2O) accounts for 5%. This stems mainly from the use of fertilizer in agriculture.

Tropospheric ozone (O3) (the lowest layer in the atmosphere), which stems indirectly from the combustion of hydrocarbons, accounts for around 13%.

Figure 7-3 : distribution of additional GG of anthropic origin

(Source: GIEC 2007 – Working group 1 – Summary for decision-makers p.4)

Direct emission of water vapour by man (from power stations, not only nuclear, irrigation, barrages, deforestation, etc.) do not play a significant part in increasing the greenhouse effect and are therefore not taken into account as human emissions. On a planet which is 2/3 covered with water (the oceans) and in view of the fact that water does not accumulate in the atmosphere, emissions of human origin are totally marginal in the overall water cycle. This explains why water vapour is not taken into account, with the exception of a few specific cases such as aviation, when we calculate greenhouse gas emissions linked to human activity.

7.1.2.3. The GG covered by the Kyoto protocol 7.1.2.3.1. The GG covered by the Kyoto protocol

The Kyoto protocol adopted in 1997 according to the Rio Convention of 1992 on climate change, whereby France undertook to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, provides the following list of the 6 main greenhouse gases (appendix A of the Kyoto protocol):

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)


Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

L’hexafluorure de soufre (SF6)

The European Union made a commitment to reduce the emissions of these 6 gases by 2012. In order to fulfill these objectives, France must stabilize these emissions and produce no more than 565 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions.

France is also committed to reducing the emissions of these 6 greenhouse gases fourfold by 2050.

7.1.2.3.2. The “non-Kyoto” GG

There are other well-known greenhouse gases, notably water vapour and CFCs, which are not included in the Kyoto protocol for one of the following reasons:

1. They are already governed by another international agreement (case of CFCs) because their “noxious” effect is not limited to increasing the greenhouse effect.

2. Their emissions do not have a direct effect on the concentration in the atmosphere (case of water vapour emitted by man in the troposphere).

7.1.3. Past development of co2 and temperature

The analysis of ice cores obtained from deep drilling in the Antarctica has led to the reconstitution of the development of temperature and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 over the past 420,000 years.


The earth has been affected by cycles of glaciation / deglaciation, the last 4 of which have lasted for around 100,000 years each. These climatic changes have followed changes in the orientation of the earth’s rotational axis and the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit, which have had the effect of accentuating, reducing or cancelling out differences between the seasons.

The earth’s average temperature has therefore varied by +/- 8°C by period of 100,000 years accompanied by the concentration of CO2 between 180 ppmv (particles per million in volume terms) and 280 ppmv.

This curve shows that CO2 has never exceeded 280 ppm since mankind has been present on the earth (Cro-Magnon appeared only 40,000 years ago with a few tens of thousands of individuals) and that there is a strong correlation between the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and temperature.

During this time before oil was exploited, this CO2 variation was probably due to interactive balances with temperature linked particularly to the absorption capacity of CO2 by the oceans which decreases when the climate heats up.

For the past 10,000 we have been experiencing an interglacial period (temperature 6 to 7°C higher), with a usual level of 280 ppm of CO2.

Human activity over the past 150 years has directly increased this concentration to the current level (2004) of 275 ppm (+33%), which is the maximum level ever reached for around 420,000 years and quite probably for around 20 million years2

This increase corresponds mainly to the industrial exploitation of oil since 1850 and, to a lesser degree, the alteration in the use of the earth (deforestation, intensive agriculture, etc.).

7.1.4. Impacts in France

During the 20th century, the average temperature increase in France was 0.9 °C. The heat wave in 2003 prefigured the extreme climatic changes caused by global warming and resulted in 70,000 deaths in Europe with 19,500 in France. During the storm of 26 December 1999, a tree-covered area equivalent of twice the size of the capital was destroyed in Ile-de-France.

.

The potential impacts of climate change in France in the 21st century could include:

2 Source : GIEC 2001 – Working Group I - §3.3.1


increased sea levels (50 cm by 2100) resulting in the disappearance of highly-populated coastal regions with a high level of economic activity (Camargue, lagoon areas in Languedoc)

20% to 40% decrease in snowfall at 1,500 m posing a threat to seasonal tourism

increased likelihood of flooding in winter and lower water levels in summer

increased occurrence of weeds in agriculture with the development of diseases and insects from warmer countries

in forestry, an extension towards the north of areas planted with types of trees from the south of France (oak, maritime pine) and disappearance of types which are currently present in the north (beech, etc.)

an increase in hydric stress, particularly in the south of France, accentuating fire risks

excess mortality during the summer due to increased temperatures: increase in cardio-vascular diseases, asthma, food poisoning, diseases carried by mosquitoes, ticks, etc.

7.2. APPENDIX 2: PRESENTATION OF THE METHOD

The carbon assessment is a method used to record greenhouse gases (GG) developed by the l’ADEME3. It measures the overall impact of an activity (firms, organizations, etc.) on the environment in terms of GG emissions.

7.2.1. Why is a carbon assessment required?

The aim of this carbon assessment is to illustrate in detail the contribution of scope 1 and 2 of Sidel’s activities in terms of global warming in order to establish a specific objective to reduce the latter.

The establishment of this GG analysis will enable the firm not only to comply with article 75 of law n°2010-788 of 12 July 2010, but also to identify the priority actions to be introduced in a plan to combat climate change. This will also encourage internal and external communication

and the involvement of staff in a common approach.

3 Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise en Energie


7.2.2. Brief overview of the method

The carbon assessment method allows for an evaluation of the overall impact of an activity in terms of GG emissions

7.2.2.1. GG taken into account for the calculation of the carbon assessment In accordance with article 75 of n°2012-788 of 12 July 2010 prescribing a national commitment to the environment, the gases contributing to the greenhouse effect which are to be included in the establishment of assessments are the gases included within the framework of the Kyoto protocol.

The greenhouse gases taken into account are therefore:

the 6 GG covered by the Kyoto protocol (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC and SF6)

7.2.2.2. Overall heating power These emissions are set against a single indicator: the GWP100, also known as “the 100 year GWP” which features in the 2001 report by the GIEC (Climate Change 2001, The Scientific Basis). The most common name for the 100 year GWP is the “CO2 equivalent" because this unit refers to the number of kg of CO2 per kg of greenhouse gas which would be produced by the same climatic disturbance at the end of a century. In the case of greenhouse gases other than CO2, different editions of GIEC reports have given slightly different GWP values and it is therefore important to take this into account, since certain recent inventories have been drawn up with values from the 1995 report on the basis of conversion factors set by the IPPC.

The carbon assessment comprises emissions stemming directly from buildings associated with Sidel.

In most cases, it is not possible to measure GG emissions directly stemming from a specific action. Although the concentration of GG in the air is frequently measured, emissions are only measured directly in exceptional cases.

The only solution is therefore to estimate these emissions on the basis of other data and the carbon assessment method has been established specifically with the aim of attaining this result within a reasonable time frame thanks to a combination of calculations and observations. The figures used to convert observable data within the buildings concerned to greenhouse gas emissions, expressed as CO2 equivalent emissions, are known as emission factors.


7.2.3. Exhaustiveness of the carbon assessment and comparative analysis

Only scope 1 can be used to envisage comparisons with other entities, even though this is not desirable.

The carbon assessment method is essentially a communication and awareness-raising method rather than a comparison method. If we wish to combine several carbon assessments, only the values of scope 1 should be taken into account, otherwise duplications and redundancies in the recorded emissions could occur which would distort the comparisons.

It should be pointed out that scope 3 represents the most significant impact in general.

7.3. APPENDIX 3: A FEW ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE

Since 1 kg of CO2 is difficult to visualize, a number day-to-day activities equivalent to the emission of 1 kg of CO2 are presented below:

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