Presented by-

Panchali

Das

3rd

Semester

M.Sc.

Biotechnology

GREENHOUSE

Also called a glasshouse.

It is a building or complex with protection boundaries in

which plants are grown.

Commercial glass greenhouse

Miniature greenhouse

GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY

Provides a controlled and favorable environment for crop to

grow and yield high in all the seasons.

Saves crop from excessive cold in winters, from heat in

summers and from rain in monsoon seasons.

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO STRUCTURAL SHAPE OF FRAME

The design of a greenhouse depends upon the latitude of the

place and the requirement of crop.

a) ATTACHED GREENHOUSES

i) Lean-to- half greenhouse,split along the peak of the roof.

Advantages

Useful where space is limited

Least expensive, availability of water

and electricity

Disadvantages

Temperature control is difficult

Location of windows and doors on the

supporting structure must be

kept in mind

CONTD..

ii) Even-span - full-size structure that has one gable end

attached to another building.

Advantages

Provides more usable space and can be lengthened

Can accommodate two to three benches for

growing crops.

Better shape for air circulation

Disadvantages

Most costly option

CONTD..

iii) Window-mounted- attached on the south or east side of a

house.

This glass enclosure gives space for conveniently growing a few

plants at relatively low cost.

The special window extends outward from the house a foot or

so and can contain two or three shelves.

B) FREESTANDING (DETACHED) STRUCTURES:

Separate structures.

They can be set apart from other buildings to get more sun and

can be made as large or small as desired.

COMPONENTS IN A GREEN HOUSE

Green House components can be broadly divided into 3 main

categories.

1) Structural Design- must provide protection against damages

from wind, rain, heat and cold.

2) Green House covering- Polyethylene Film

and Polycarbonate Panels.

3) Environmental controls.

STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATION IN GREEN HOUSE

Hot galvanized steel poles and profiles. It is based on the desired length, width, gutter height, spans etc for the green houses.

For Poly or Aluminum/metallic lock profiles connect polythene to metallic construction and gutters.

The roof should be built from strong gothic type arches with narrow spacing for higher stability of the PE cover and increased resistance to heavy rainfall and strong winds.

For most efficient release of hot air and excess humidity, ventilation openings are placed in the roof.

Opening should be vertical in order to prevent rainfall from reaching the growing areas.

GREENHOUSE COVERING SHOULD HAVE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES…..

UV Filtration:

Anti – Fog properties:

• These are special strips which insulate the covering polythene from heat of the steel arches and protect the PE at the point of contact.

• The strip lengthens the life of PE.

PE strip for Insulation:

• Net is required for preventing entrance of insects into green houses with minimum effect on ventilation.

• They minimizes the consumption of pesticides thus reducing the cost and negative effects of chemicals.

Insect Proof Net:

For longer duration of PE itself and prevent

harmful radiation from reaching the plants .

Accumulation of condensation and uncontrolled

dripping inside the green house are avoided with

the help of a special anti fog coating.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

• Evaporative cooling pad can be installed in order to reduce temperatures up to 150°C during the dry period and to increase humidity if necessary.

Cooling

• Dedicated fans with air replacement capacity and cooling operation for climate control function and disease prevention.

Electric fan

• They are used for the purpose of air movements in order to prevent diseases and to create a uniform environment. They are resistant to high humidity and temperatures as well as to chemicals

Air mixers

SensorsA fully integrated computer network constantly

monitors and controls the variables in our

greenhouses.

WHY GREEN HOUSE YIELDS MORE

U.V. film does not allow harmful U.V. rays to enter the green

house thus protecting the crop.

The use of artificial light allows photosynthesis to continue

beyond daylight hours while the use of artificial heating allows

photosynthesis to continue at an increased rate.

The use of additional carbon dioxide released into the

atmosphere inside the greenhouse also allows photosynthesis

to continue at an increased rate. Thus the plants get about 8-10

times more food than the open field condition.

Irrigation System

Sprinkler System

Water is piped to one or more central locations

within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers

or guns.

Drip lines

Water falls drop by drop just at the position of

roots.

Distribution pipes

All connector should be made for fast connection

and disconnections.

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil.

One of the important aspect in a green house is Irrigation

and Fertigation System.

FERTIGATION SYSTEM

Fertigation is the application of fertilizers, soil amendments, or

other water-soluble products through an irrigation system.

It enables both the water movement in the soil and nutrient

supply to be controlled.

This system allows adjustments of fertigation program according

to both the stages and rate of growth of plants and changing

climate conditions.

The fertilizers are dissolved separately in tanks and are mixed in

a given ratio and supplied to the plants through drippers.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF

Advantages

• Manipulation of Growing season.

• Production volume increases more than 10-12 times than normal production.

• Round the year production of most desired crop.

• Disease and pest attack is minimum.

• Suitable for rearing/hardening of tissue culture plants.

• Latest technologies can be incorporated to get maximum benefits.

Disadvantages

• Initial cost is very high.

• Maintenance cost is high.

• Knowledge of various factors are required to effectively control climate inside the greenhouse.

Plant biotech can play a potential role of increasing agricultural

productivity, bring food security by its contribution to greenhouse

technology.

Plant biotech methods have helped produce plants resistant to

drought, flood, soil infertility, pests, abiotic stress etc. These

plants are grown in greenhouses for hardening.

Tissue culture plays an important role to improve agronomic

traits of many plants.

ROLE OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

GREENHOUSES – WORLD SCENARIO

A French botanist named Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803 to

1857), is said to have designed the first modern greenhouse in

Leiden, Holland, which housed medicinal plants.

There are more than 50 countries now in the world where

cultivation of crops is undertaken on a commercial scale under

cover.

Asia, China and Japan are the largest users of greenhouses.

The development of greenhouse technology in China has been

faster than in any other country in the world.

STATUS IN INDIA

In India use of greenhouse technology started only during

1980’s and it was mainly used for research activities.

Greenhouses are being built in the Ladakh region for extending

the growing season of vegetables from 3 to 8 months.

In the North-East, greenhouses are being constructed

essentially as rain shelters to permit off-season vegetable

production.

In India greenhouse cultivation is

mainly in Maharashtra, Uttarakhand,

Karnataka and Jammu and Kashmir.

CONTD..

Cultivation of cabbage, cauliflower, knoll-khol, broccoli, brussel's

sprouts, tomato, brinjal, chilli, capsicum and onion has been

possible because of greenhouse technology in areas such as

Leh and Ladakh.