Greening the Building Process
AZ Minority Green Business ConferenceJanuary 16, 2008
Anthony Floyd, AIA, LEED APGreen Building Manager
City of Scottsdale
Overview
1. Introduction2. Government and Industry Trends3. Growing Green Building Programs4. Scottsdale Model
Green/Environmentally Responsible Buildings
Integrated, whole-systems approachCreating synergy between climate, building use, and placeConsiders larger ramifications of design, material selection and building practices
Sustainability: The triple Bottom Line
“Scottsdale is committed to the effective management of our finite and renewable environmental, economic, social and technological resources to ensure that they exist to serve future needs. It is essential that there will always be sufficient resources to maintain the level of services, environmental quality, economic vitality, and access to amenities that
contribute to the quality of life Scottsdale offers today.”
Scottsdale CityShape 2020, 1996
Green BuildingShades of Green
All buildings provide some level of environmental attributes
Passive and active systemsBaseline measures
Local code and ordinance requirements
Six Sins of Greenwashing
Green-wash (green'wash', -wôsh') – verb:the act of misleading consumers regarding the environmental practices of a company or the environmental benefits of a product or service.
TerraChoice, Environmental Marketing Agency www.terrachoice.com
Six Sins of Greenwashing
1.Hidden Trade Offin which companies highlight one eco-friendly attribute, and ignore their product's other (potentially more significant) environmental concerns.
2.No Proofwhich, just like it sounds, involves claims that can't be verified (the report found 26% of environmental claims fall into this category).
3.Vaguenessterms like "chemical-free," or "non-toxic," which are both universally true, and universally false depending on your interpretation.
Six Sins of Greenwashing
4. Irrelevancewhen companies make claims that are unhelpful (like "CFC-free," when CFCs have been banned for almost 30 years).
5. Lesser of Two Evilslike "green" herbicides, which ignores the fact that herbicides in any form aren't good for the environment
6. Fibbingthe most obvious, in which companies flat out lie (less than 1% of companies make this mistake, but does happen)
Government and Industry Trends
Federal LegislationBans and Restrictions
VOC’s, lead and asbestosCCA treated wood in building construction
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (effective 1/1/06)provides tax credits for homes and businesses utilizing solar technologies and/or designed to use 50% less energy as compared to minimum energy code requirements
New constructionBuilding improvementsEnergy-efficient appliancesRenewable energy
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
Signed by President Bush on 12/19/07
1. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)35 MPG by 2020
2. Appliance and Equipment Efficiencyheating/cooling equipment, electric motors, standby power use, refrigerators, clothes washers, dishwashers
3. Lamp Efficiency Standards25-30% less energy by 2012-201460% less energy by 2020
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
4. Regional Standards for Heating/Coolingaccommodate range of climatic conditions
5. Commercial Building Initiativecombines development and deployment activities towards net zero energy buildings by 2030
meaning that a building produces as much energy as it uses
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
6. Federal BuildingsDesigned so that fossil fuel-generated energy consumption in buildings is reduced by:
55% by 201065% by 201580% by 2020
90% by 2025100% by 2030
Energy Savings Performance Contractsfinancing tool for upgrading energy efficiency
Architecture 2030This fossil fuel reduction standard for the operation of all new buildings must be increased to:
60% in 2010 70% in 2015 80% in 2020 90% in 2025 carbon-neutral by 2030 (meaning they will use no fossil fuel energy to operate).
www.architecture2030.org
National Industry TrendsEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, standards and programs
Energy Star Buildingscertifies new homes, buildings and more than 40 types of products that are energy efficient
Energy Star - Indoor Air Packagecertifies homes that protect against moisture and mold, pests, combustion gases, and other airborne pollutants
WaterSenseidentifies products and services that meet water-efficiency performance criteria for plumbing fixtures and landscape irrigation
Industry Trends & BenchmarksGreen Labeling Programs
Green Seal, GreenGuard, Cradle to Cradle, SCSFloorScore (Resilient Flooring Covering Institute), Green Label Plus (Carpet and Rug Institute)Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Forest Initiative (SFI)
Solar Today magazine article – Jan/Feb 2008
New Housing Energy ContinuumPercentage of Projected Energy Savings
Conventional homesComplies with existing energy codes with 100% reliance on utility supplied energy.High performance homesSaves 30 to 50% of utility energy costs over conventional homes using efficiencyand renewable energy technologies.Near-zero energy homesSaves 60 to 90% utility energy costs over conventional homes.Net-zero energy homesProduces as much energy as it uses, saving 100% utility energy costs.Zero-carbon homesProduces more energy than it uses and exporting at least 20% electricity to the grid.
Arizona Energy IncentivesState Tax Credits - Renewable Energy
Personal Income Tax Credit, Sales Tax Exemption, Solar Energy Property Tax Exemption
Utility Company IncentivesSolar electric (PV)
rebate is $3,000 for each kilowatt of rated solar electric power installed in a grid-tied application
Solar water heating systems payment is based on system’s yearly kW hour rating of 0.50 cents per kW hour
Arizona Energy IncentivesDemand Side Management (DSM) Program
Funding for energy efficiency improvementsHome Owner Associations
HOA’s can’t prohibit the installation of solar panels, but can have reasonable rules regarding placement provided the rules do not:
Impair its function due to imposed locationRestrict its useAdversely affect the cost or efficiency of the system
Morrison Institute/Global Institute of Sustainability
Growing Green Building Programs
2007 Study of Green
Building Programs
Examines growth and effectiveness of Green Building Policies in cities
Local and StateGovernmental Programs
ArkansasArizonaCaliforniaColoradoFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIllinoisMaineMarylandMassachusetts
MichiganMinnesotaMissouriNevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaOhioOregonPennsylvania
TennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWashington, DCWisconsin
2007 Study of GreenBuilding Programs
Ninety-two cities have green building programs, or 14 percent of all cities with a population greater than 50,000Thirty-nine percent or about 42 million Americans live in cities with green building programs
Green Building Programs in Cities with a Population over 50,000
U.S. Population living in Cities with Green Building Programs
U.S. Cities with Green Building Programs
Local and State Ordinances
Public Facilitiesmandate to meet LEED or equivalent green building rating benchmarklead by example
Private Developmentincentives and mandates
Local Government Sustainability Programs
Sustainable Practice CategoriesEnvironmentally Preferable PurchasingTransportationLandscape ManagementBuilding PracticesWaste Management
Market Based Programs
LEEDGreen GlobesNational Association of Home Builders (NAHB)EPA Energy StarEnvironments for LivingUtilitiesLocal HBA’s
USGBC and LEED
USGBC is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C.Developer and administrator of the LEED Green Building Rating System
Tool used to certify the design, construction and operation of buildings
LEED Rating SystemsLEED
Rating Systems
LEED-NCNew
Construction
LEED-EBExisting
Buildings
LEED-CICommercial
Interiors
LEED-CSCore
and Shell
Commercial & Institutional Residential
LEED-NDNeighborhoodDevelopment
LEED-HSingle-Family
Homes
V 2.0 Pilot Phase2009 Release
LEED-SSchools
v 2.2 v 2.0 v 2.0 v 2.0
2007 Pilot Phase
Energy Star Label
ENERGY STAR is the government-backed voluntary program for energy efficiency
HomesHERS Index
Commercial buildingsTarget Finder
More than 50 product typesappliances, lighting, office equipment, consumer electronics, and heating/cooling equipment
Local HBA Programs
Buying an EarthCraft Houseis a simple way to help ourplanet. That’s because an
EarthCraft House consumes less energy & natural
resources.
EarthCraft House builders know how to create healthier, more comfortablehomes, reducing utility bills and increasing value. Any home –
from a cottage to a mansion – can be an EarthCraft House.
House Size and Resources
“square feet are not the only feet in your home”
Branding campaign sends the messagethat “bigger isn't necessarily better”.
Hedgewood Properties, Atlanta
House Size & Resource Impact
Doug Beach for NPR Doug Beach for NPR
Scottsdale House Sizes
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
ProductionCustom
CityResolution
All new, occupied city buildings shall be designed, contracted and built to achieve the LEEDTM Gold certification level.
where the payback is anticipated to be more than five (5) years, City staff is directed to recommend to the City Council which level of LEEDTM certification is appropriate for that particular project.
ScottsdaleGranite Reef Senior Center
Gabor Lorant Architects
Scottsdale’s 1st LEED Gold certified city facility
Building Integrated Solar Electric (PV) System
Partnership w/ SRPon Solar System
Green Cleaning Contract Service
Scottsdale Model
City of ScottsdaleGreen Building Program
Voluntary program for private developmentRating criteria
residential and commercial projectsGreen Building Advisory Committee
program input, policy development and outreach
Incentives
Expedited review & process assistanceMarket differentiation for builders & designers (directory and signs)Promotion material, education & public events
Green Building ProgramSustainable Building in the Sonoran Desert
Climatic and geographic characteristics are unique to the region.Utilization of local resources such as solar for energy and daylighting.Regional materials.
Rating Checklist
Mandatory Items (28 requirements)Rating Options
135 total options with 270 max. possible pointsRating Levels
Entry Level – 50 to 100 pointsAdvanced Level – 100 to 200 points
Mandatory MeasuresSite
Protect all exterior entrances from direct summer sun exposures (east, west, south)
recessed or covered entry
Low water use landscape
Porch Entries
Courtyard Entry
Arcade Entry
Louvers & Trellis
Mandatory MeasuresEnergy Efficiency
Building must be designed to be at least 15% above IECC (International Energy Conservation Code) OR meet Energy Star for Homes standard
www.energycodes.govREScheck
www.energystar.gov
Mandatory MeasuresEnergy Efficiency
Insulated ductworkReturn air paths
Mandatory MeasuresEnergy Efficiency
Ceiling fansProgrammable thermostat
Mandatory Measures
Carbon monoxide (CO) detectorsKitchen exhaust rate of min. 100 cfm
Indoor Environmental Quality
Kitchen exhaust hood
CO detector
Mandatory MeasuresIndoor Environmental Quality
Energy Star bathroom exhaust fans (50 cfm)Supply air filtering – min. MERV 8 ratingSeal off ducts during construction
Bathroom exhaust
Pleated filter
Mandatory Measures
LightingLight Reflective Value (LRV)Task lighting
Mandatory MeasuresPlumbing
Insulated hot water linesWater heaters located within 20 feet of fixture orprovide on-demand hot water recirculation system
Mandatory MeasuresPlumbing
At half of toilets need to high efficiency (1.3 or less gal./flush) or dual control flush
Mandatory MeasuresInterior Finishes
Low VOC paints and finishesMaricopa County Air Quality Rule 335
Solid WasteBuilt-in kitchen recycling bins
Mandatory MeasuresHomeowner’s Packet
Green certificate of occupancySelf-certification certificateManufacturer’s manualsInfo on the efficient operation of HVAC system, lighting and water-using appliances and fixtures
House Size Adjustment
Small House gain pointsPlus 1 Point for every 100 sq. ft. under 3000 sq. ft.
Large House loses pointsMinus 1 Point for every 250 sq. ft. over 3500 sq. ft.
Green Home Remodeling
Project GuideSite Use & LandscapingEnergy Efficiency & Renewables Indoor Environmental Quality & HealthWater & Resource EfficiencyProject Types
www.scottsdaleaz.gov/greenbuilding
ScottsdaleResidential Projects
Beaulieu ResidenceGreen, Earth Sheltered, Passive/Active Solar
Beaulieu Residence
Beaulieu Residence
Beaulieu Residence
Beaulieu Residence
Hovey ResidenceBuilding Integrated PV
Foster ResidenceAutoclaved Aerated Concrete
Edwards Design Group
Foster Residence – Daylighting, Solar Power, FramingEdwards Design Group
Strata International – Saebi Alternative Building System
Optima Camel View VillageLargest Scottsdale Green Building Project
11 buildings - 700 residential units - 38,000 sq. ft. retail – 13 acre site
Optima Camel View Village
Each unit has its own vegetated terrace, the buildings step back with a maximum building height of sixty-five (65) feet to retain human scale.
Cleansing of airborne toxins, recycling of nutrients, and air re-oxygenatingAbsorbs sound thereby reducing noise levelsCooling effect through transpiration and absorption of solar radiation by desert adapted vegetationRoof protection from ultraviolet lightStorm water managementRainwater collection and storage will be incorporated where possible for irrigation
Vegetated Roof andDesert Landscaping
Safari DriveCool Tower
Scottsdale Greenlive/work mixed-use village
Safari DriveCool Tower at Plaza / Pool Area
Scottsdale Green live/work mixed-use village
Scottsdale Fire Station No. 602Preliminary Design
SummaryNational Benchmarks
LEED, NAHBEnergy CodesGreen Building Standards
Regional ProgramsIncentives
Tax creditsFeebates & rebates