Greenlight EuropeGreenlight Europe

How excellent Lighting Maintenance can play its part in helping to reduce global CO2

emissions

Consider this…..Consider this…..

Lighting represents 20% Irish electricity consumption and therefore energy-efficient lighting schemes can help to reduce costs.

In retail it can be up to 40%

When did you last look at your lighting installation?

Some means to achieving energy Some means to achieving energy savings on your lighting savings on your lighting

installationinstallation

•Points to consider

•The C.I.B.S.E. guidelines and how these may be applied

•Latest energy saving technologies

•Lamps

•Lighting Controls

Why should you plan your lighting Why should you plan your lighting maintenance?maintenance?

Not servicing your car will save you money in the short term. However, how long will the car last?

FACTS All lamps have a finite life Output of lamps deteriorates from the

moment they are switched on Light output will also reduce through an

accumulation of dust/ dirt on lamps

Recommendation is that Designer should obtain decision from the client on the maintenance policy to be implemented throughout the life of the installation.

If this cannot be achieved, the designer must clearly state the assumed maintenance programme used to calculate and justify the value of initial illuminance. In turn, this will influence the electrical load and therefore the electricity cost. It will also influence the capital cost.

Maintenance includes replacement of failed or deteriorated lamps and control gear, the cleaning of luminaires and cleaning and redecoration of room surfaces at suitable intervals.

When designing for maintained illuminance the proposed lamp replacement procedure must be considered at the initial design stage of the installation.

CIBSE Guidelines 1994CIBSE Guidelines 1994Maintenance of Lighting InstallationMaintenance of Lighting Installation

•Maintained Illuminance - The minimum light level over the task area immediately prior to cleaning/relamping cycles.Maintained illuminance includes lumen maintenance factor, lamp survival factor, luminaire maintenance factor & room surface maintenance factor.Lighting design illuminance should not fall below the recommended value. This can mean higher initial illuminance and installed loads. To minimise the increases, maintenance procedures become a more important element in the design process.Design Maintenance Illuminance is the recommended Illuminance used in the lighting Specification.It is based on the task & contrast and the time duration at the task. Standard Maintained IlluminanceValues are provided by the CIBSE Code for Lighting 1994.

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What is Maintained IIluminance?

Two factors to consider when determining the timing of lamp replacement:

Change in light output Probability of lamp failure.

For majority of installations the most sensible procedure is to replace all the lamps at planned intervals- group relamping.

Group replacement has visual, electrical and financial advantages over the alternative ‘spot’ replacement.

Visually- installation has uniform appearance. Electrically---- reduces the risk of damage to control gear

caused by faulty operation of lamps nearing end of life. Financially---- arrange replacement when it causes minimum

disturbance to interior, tie-in with luminaire cleaning.

CIBSE Lighting Guidelines 1994CIBSE Lighting Guidelines 1994Lamp ReplacementLamp Replacement

1. AVERAGE RATED LIFE The average rated life of a lamp is the result of a test in the laboratory. Under this test, lamps are run in an environment which is:-

a. Constant temperature b. Constant voltage c. Still air d. Dirt free e. Regular switching f. Vibration free g. Constant operating position h. Same control gear

Under these conditions, the point in time when 50% of the lamps have failed is deemed to be their average rated life.

THE CASE FORTHE CASE FORPLANNED LIGHTING MAINTENANCEPLANNED LIGHTING MAINTENANCE

UNPLANNED1. Uneven light levels

2. Never Optimum light level

3. Increased control gear failure

4. Ineffective Use of Energy

5. Safety implications

6 Lamp disposal problems

7. Disruption to workplace

8. Uncontrolled costs

COSTLY

PLANNED1. Uniform Light levels

2. Optimum light level achieved

3. Minimal lighting failures

4. Effective Use of Energy

5. Designed task levels

6. Compliant lamp disposal

7. Planned non-disruptive

8. Budgeted costs

COST EFFECTIVE

Maintaining Lighting EffectivenessMaintaining Lighting Effectiveness

Who will change the lamps?

Who will repair or replace faulty control gear?

Who will identify if control gear is at fault?

Are these people qualified?

If they are not qualified, what are the Health &

Safety issues and what are the potential liabilities

for my business?

What is their normal job?

If they are taken from their normal job, what is the

cost to my business?

What level of productivity can you expect from an

in-house engineer carrying out lighting repairs?

Bright Staff Like A Bright Bright Staff Like A Bright workspace!workspace!

How do I measure this productivity?

Who orders the lamps?

How long does it take us to source and order the

correct lamps?

What is the cost?

Is there an additional delivery cost?

What is the cost of Access to reach high fittings?

Where are my lamps stored - are they safe?

Is my other stock endangered by the glass and

toxic metals contained in modern lamps?

But good lighting needs good maintenance...

Retaining Louvre CategorisationRetaining Louvre Categorisation

Dust Reflects light within Clean mirrored surface reflects

luminaire, which reduces maximum light downwards and minimises

downward light output and glare from luminaire in VDU screens

creates glare in VDU screens thereby retaining CAT 1/2 classification

Before Cleaning After Ultrasonic Cleaning

EU legislation on recycling of fluorescent tubes due in 2002/3

Legislation exists in Germany, Belgium, France

Mercury contained in tubes is hazardous Remains in the environment Liquid and volatile at room temperature

Long-lasting effects. Legislation will demand ecological treatment rather than

disposal.

Focus on EnvironmentFocus on EnvironmentManagement of Hazardous WasteManagement of Hazardous Waste

New TechnologiesNew TechnologiesLampsLamps

8ft fluorescent tubes Halophosphate versus

Triphosphate lamps High Frequency

control gear Reflex lamps MasterPAR T5 Lamps HID alternatives

IntroductionIntroduction

Why use Lighting Controls ?

Principal Lighting Control Techniques

Example Systems

Future Developments

Why Use Lighting Controls ?Why Use Lighting Controls ?

Construction process

Time is money

Lack of skilled labour

leads to high cost

Conventional wiring

Individual ceiling rose

Labour intensive

Conventional installationConventional installation

Installation TechniquesInstallation TechniquesLighting Control Modules provide multiple socket outlets

ELV Switching

Simple plug in sensors

Modular wiring

Factory implementation

Benefits to the Installation ProcessBenefits to the Installation Process Faster installation Reduced materials Use of unskilled labour

Controls for Comfort and FlexibilityControls for Comfort and FlexibilityUser comfort = productivity

Flexibility to change office layouts quickly and at minimum cost

Industry & WarehousingIndustry & WarehousingCentral Manual ControlDaylight Based Switching

Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

The largest cost of a light fitting is the energy it

consumes throughout it’s life

Environmental issues - Greenlight Europe

Enhanced Capital Allowances for

implementation of green technology

DimmingDimming Increased control options

Maintain comfortable environment

Energy savings

Time SchedulingTime SchedulingAlone does not always produce savings

Should not be ‘imposed’ on the user

Use to enable/disable presence detectors

Typical uses: Retail, Industry, Signage

Local User OverridesLocal User Overrides

Use in combination with

other controls

Infra Red - avoid the cost

of switch drops

Presence DetectionPresence Detection

PIR/Ultrasonic or Microwave ?

Coverage

Time-outs

Sensor responses vary wildly

Think about the user of the

space !

Daylight LinkingDaylight Linking

External control - car parks, amenity lighting

Solar threshold switching - warehouses, malls, atria

Daylight dimming - offices, retail, hospitals,

schools.

What is in it for your company?What is in it for your company? Saving money and improving profit

margins Reduces environmental consequences of

your organisations activities Creating working environments that

support staff productivity Process and product quality improvements Making buildings easier to operate and

maintain effectively There is help for you to achieve real

improvements

Energy ManagementEnergy Management

Monitor energy use- know where it goes Implement a corporate policy Involve & motivate all staff Identify no-cost, low-cost ‘quick wins’ Invest in larger improvements Effectively maintain your equipment

Future DevelopmentsFuture Developments

More Intelligent Sensors - combining lighting with heating,

Integration of Building Systems

Control Bus Wars

Exploitation of the Internet/Intranet protocols,

Voice Control

Wireless/RF Communications

D.A.L.I.

DALIDALI BenefitsBenefits

Addressing - Simple wiring, flexible Digital - “Switching” within ballast

reducing costs, polarity free Industry Standard - Compatibility, Easy

Specification Feedback - Lamp/ Ballast Status

reporting in BMS systems

DALIDALI

ApplicationsApplications

Local Room Control Single Controller for Several Circuits,

Flexible

Intelligent Luminaires Reduced Switch Cost, Presets stored in

ballast

BMS Reduced cost controllers, Power

monitoring, lamp failure feedback, emergency options