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Greenways as Green Infrastructure
Charles A. Flink, Fellow, American Society of Landscape ArchitectsPresident, Greenways Incorporated
What is Infrastructure?
• ”The basic installations and facilities on which the continued growth of a community, state, etc. depend, (such) as roads, schools, power plants, transportation and communication systems."
» Webster Dictionary
What is Green Infrastructure?
• The native/natural green spaces of our communities:– Creeks, streams, rivers & lakes
– Forested lands
– Prairie lands
– Ridge lines
– Wetlands
– Habitats for native plants and animals
• The natural systems and ecological processes that sustain all life on our planet
Why is Green Infrastructure Important?
• Defines our quality of life
• Shapes growth patterns
• Protects water resources
• Absorbs flood waters
• Cleans our air
• Is home to native species
• Determines our identity and sense of place
Multi-Objective Greenways
GreenwaysGreenwaysGreenways
Floodplain Management
Floodplain Floodplain
ManagementManagement
Growth Management
Growth Growth
ManagementManagement
StewardshipStewardshipStewardship
Water QualityProtection
Water QualityWater Quality
ProtectionProtection
EconomicDevelopment
EconomicEconomic
DevelopmentDevelopment
AlternativeTransportation
AlternativeAlternative
TransportationTransportation
Greenspace: An Afterthought in Community Planning & Development
Patterns of Growth Define our Communities
We are building a We are building a
collection of collection of
neighborhoods neighborhoods --
notnot sustainable sustainable
communities.communities.
Greenways can help Shape Patterns of Growth
The Value of Conservation
“Smart conservation is just as important as smart growth. Smart conservation is proactive, large-scale and coordinated. We need to think of open space as a form of infrastructure, just as we think of roads as infrastructure. It must be viewed as a necessity, not an amenity. It must be preserved through a public investment, not leftover money. And, it must be preserved as a connected, contiguous system, not fragmented and preserved in isolation.
– Ed McMahon, Senior Fellow, Urban Land Institute, 2005
Greenprints for Growth
What is a Greenprint?
“Just as you would not
build a house without a
Blueprint, we should not
continue to build our
communities without a
Greenprint.”
Greenprints for Growth
Detroit
Metro
Kansas City
Metro
Case Study: Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston, SC
Charleston County Charleston County Charleston County Charleston County
Comprehensive Greenbelts PlanComprehensive Greenbelts PlanComprehensive Greenbelts PlanComprehensive Greenbelts Plan
Summary of Final Plan Recommendations
Charleston County • Greenways Inc • White & Smith, llc
Charleston Greenbelt Vision“Cities and Villages Surround by
Green”
Charleston County GreenprintProtect and Conserve 40,000 acres
Greenways connect us with the Outdoors, Popular Destinations, and Each Other
Benefits of Bicycling & WalkingQ: When you tour the nation,
what are people telling you they want changed in their communities?
A: People want alternative forms of transportation, they don’t want to own two or three cars. And they want green space, biking and walking paths, but they want the amenities too –access to shopping, restaurants, health care.
Interview with US DOT
Secretary Ray LaHood,
October 2009, AARP Bulletin
Solutions to Transportation Congestion
Improve Improve
transportation transportation
efficiencyefficiency
Offer an equivalent Offer an equivalent
quality choicequality choice
Underserved Populations?
• Children of America have few options within the current transportation system
• Elderly are also challenged in today’s transportation system
Case Study: Jacksonville, North Carolina
Jacksonville,
NC
Bicycle Commuter Percentages
Mode Share - Bicycling
Plan Maps
Onslow Drive
Case Study: Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
Grand Canyon
National Park, AZ
Grand Canyon General
Management Plan
Grand Canyon Grand Canyon
General General
Management PlanManagement Plan
Greenway SystemGreenway SystemGreenway SystemGreenway SystemGreenway SystemGreenway SystemGreenway SystemGreenway SystemCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information PlazaCanyon View Information Plaza
Light Rail SystemLight Rail SystemLight Rail SystemLight Rail SystemLight Rail SystemLight Rail SystemLight Rail SystemLight Rail SystemHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education CampusHeritage Education Campus
Grand Canyon Greenway
5 million annual visitors are 5 million annual visitors are creating traffic jams, noise, exhaust creating traffic jams, noise, exhaust fumes and overcrowding. fumes and overcrowding.
Grand Canyon Greenway
2001 American Society of
Landscape Architects Merit
Award in Planning and
Design
Grand Canyon GreenwayThe Greenway is part of a The Greenway is part of a
new transportation new transportation
solution for Grand solution for Grand
Canyon National ParkCanyon National Park
Grand Canyon Greenway
Greenways Protects our Water
The Centers for Disease Control estimates that nearly one million Americans become ill every year, 900 of them fatally, because of polluted drinking water. And these numbers are increasing.
Impact of Urban Growth on Water Resources
Degraded streams and Degraded streams and
rivers leads to degraded rivers leads to degraded
water quality for everyone.water quality for everyone.
While human While human
population grows, population grows,
fresh water supply fresh water supply
remains constantremains constant
Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Greenway Plan
Greenways: Protecting Source Water
Greenways: Protecting Source Water
Reducing the Impacts of Flooding
““Come Hell and Come Hell and
High WaterHigh Water””
• Each year, on average, 100 Americans die and more than $2 billion in damages is caused from flooding of communities.
• 90% of all US natural disasters result from flooding.
• Flooding of homes and businesses is preventable through proper community planning and development.
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2005
Cost of Flooding
Case Study: Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, KY
Greenprint: Louisville, KY
Louisville & Jefferson Louisville & Jefferson
County Metropolitan County Metropolitan
Sewer DistrictSewer District
MSD Greenway Program
C OR N ERSTO N E
2 0 2 0Louisville and Jefferson
County Comprehensive Plan
Phase 3 Implementation:
DRAFT
Article 13
FloodplainRegulations
July 1996
A pr oject of the Gr eenways
Advisory Committee
Funded by the Metr opolitan
Sewer District
Louisville & Jefferson County Multi-Objective StreamCorridor/Greenway Plan
LEGALINSTRUMENT
MSD Greenway Program
The highest and best The highest and best
use of floodplain use of floodplain
land is for the land is for the
storage of flood storage of flood
waterswaters
Case Study: Grand Forks, North Dakota
Grand Forks, ND
Grand Forks GreenwaySpring 1997
Grand Forks Greenway
Greater Grand ForksGreater Grand ForksGreater Grand ForksGreater Grand ForksGreater Grand ForksGreater Grand ForksGreater Grand ForksGreater Grand Forks
Greenway Master PlanGreenway Master PlanGreenway Master PlanGreenway Master PlanGreenway Master PlanGreenway Master PlanGreenway Master PlanGreenway Master Plan
Cabelas, East Grand Forks, MN
Greater Grand Forks Greenway
Revenue ProjectionsRevenue Projections
FishingFishing CampingCamping PicnickingPicnicking Watch WildlifeWatch Wildlife
Skiing Racing
Base Dollars Total Dollars
(multiplier effect)
Direct Revenue $28,860 $50,148
Indirect Revenue $600,660 $1,081,188
Community Revenue $8,580,863 $15,445,553
Grand Totals $9,209,383 $16,576,889
Base DollarsBase Dollars Total Dollars Total Dollars
(multiplier effect)(multiplier effect)
Direct RevenueDirect Revenue $28,860$28,860 $50,148$50,148
Indirect RevenueIndirect Revenue $600,660$600,660 $1,081,188$1,081,188
Community RevenueCommunity Revenue $8,580,863$8,580,863 $15,445,553$15,445,553
Grand TotalsGrand Totals $9,209,383$9,209,383 $16,576,889$16,576,889
Annual Revenue Annual Revenue
Projections for Projections for
GreenwayGreenway
Grand Forks Greenway
50,000 attended first
Greenway Day in 2003
Grand Forks Greenway, N. Dakota
Grand Forks Greenway -Press
Greenways: Investment & Return
Greenways Attracts Business
The way in which The way in which
communities communities
managed natural managed natural
resources resources
matters to the matters to the
business business
community.community.
Health care is one of Health care is one of
the leading concerns of the leading concerns of
American businessAmerican business
Research Triangle Park, NC“Investing in our greenway system has made us more competitive in the market place, and in fact is one reason that companies choose to locate in the Park.”
Elizabeth Rooks, Vice President for
Development, Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina
Real estate values improve with proximity to greenspace
National Homebuilders Association -
residential properties will realize a 10 to
20% gain in value the closer they are
located to greenspace
Greenspace as an attraction to new home buyers
The developer sold
lots adjacent to the
Greenway for a
$5,000 premium.
The Greenway
lots were the first
ones to sell.
Greenspace = Greenbacks ($)
Greenway systems generate Greenway systems generate
millions each year in new millions each year in new
revenue from local tourism revenue from local tourism
operations. Many systems operations. Many systems
will return $3 in revenue will return $3 in revenue
for every $1 in expenditure for every $1 in expenditure
invested.invested.
Case Study: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
Northern Delaware River Greenway
Northern Delaware River Greenway
Northern Delaware River Greenway
Northern Delaware River Greenway
Northern Delaware River Greenway
Case Study: Miami River Greenway
Miami, FL
Miami River Greenway, Florida
2001 Award of Excellence
NC Chapter of ASLA
Miami River Greenway Florida
Miami River Greenway, Florida
Miami Riverwalk, Florida
Fundamentally, Greenways are about connections between people and the land.
Greenways can be used to restore the important functional qualities of natural infrastructure
Greenways can educate new generations about the importance of a sustainable lifestyle
Greenways Leave a Legacy for Future Generations
“To build a Greenway is
to build a Community”
Charles Little
““To build a Greenway is To build a Greenway is
to build a Communityto build a Community””
Charles LittleCharles Little