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THE NEED FOR FREQUENCY REGULATION Electric power grids must maintain frequency at 60Hz or risk a blackout − Frequency can fluctuate due to mismatches between generation and load, or disturbances in generation, load, or transmission infrastructure Frequency Regulation resources stabilize the grid’s frequency in the minutes time scale − Ramp up and down in response to a balancing authority’s control signal (e.g. the Automatic Generator Control (AGC) signal from ISO/RTO in US deregulated markets) Generation assets can provide Frequency Regulation but typically are unable to respond instantaneously or match the control signal exactly APPLICATION: Frequency Regulation (US) GSS ™ Grid Storage Solution Load without Frequency Regulation Load with Frequency Regulation Load > Generation (Regulate Up) Load < Generation (Regulate Down) (MW) Time Regulation Up Capacity Regulation Down Capacity 0 = Regulation Base Point MW MW Regulation Up Capacity Regulation Down Capacity If Demand > Supply Reg Up If Demand < Supply Reg Down Regulation Base Point (Energy market sale) TRADITIONAL GENERATOR ENERGY STORAGE GSS ™ Generator Power Output Time GSS ™ is capable of much faster response times (in milliseconds) and power output ramp rates than traditional generators. THE VALUE PROPOSITION In certain regions, higher performing resources will earn more for Frequency Regulation services than lower performing resources − FERC Order 755 in the US provides performance payments for faster, more accurate, and higher MW- mileage resources THE ROLE OF ENERGY STORAGE A battery energy storage system can more effectively provide frequency regulation than traditional generation assets. − The NEC Energy Solutions GSS ™ has been successfully providing high performance frequency regulation in the United States’ PJM region since 2011 Full utilization of an energy storage system’s dynamic power range (charge and discharge) can effectively double utilization of its interconnect
