Modeling and closedModeling and closed--loop validation loop validation of a new PSS concept, the Multiof a new PSS concept, the Multi--

Band PSSBand PSS

An ABB An ABB -- HydroHydro--Québec joint Québec joint development development

R. Grondin, I. R. Grondin, I. KamwaKamwa, G. , G. TrudelTrudel, L., L.--G. G. Lajoie Lajoie -- HydroHydro--QuébecQuébec

and and J. J. Taborda Taborda -- ABBABB

PlanPlan

Context

MB-PSS concept

Model : IEEE PSS4B

Results based on simulations : Hydro-Québec system

Close loop tests in the field : LG2 power plant

Conclusions

ContextContextDeregulated power systems :

Power flows are increased (stressed systems)New interconnexions and new modes of oscillationStability margins are reduced

Subject to multiple modes of oscillations :Local modes : - plants (0.8 to 2.0 Hz)

- Intermachines (1.5 Hz to 4.0 Hz )Interarea modes : (0.2 to 1.0 Hz)Global (common) mode : < 0.2 Hz (Hydro-Québec system is 0.05 Hz)is 0.05 Hz)

ConceptProblem :Provide an efficient mean to damp multi-modal oscillations for a frequency range approaching 2 decades (0,04 Hz to 4 Hz)

Concept :Divide the problem in multiple frequency bandsProvide appropriate compensation for each of these bands

Proposed solution :A Multi-Band PSS (Delta Omega PSS) with 3 bands :

Low band : common modeIntermediate band : inter-area modesHigh band : local modes

Model: IEEE PSS4B

+ +

+

∆ω LI

∆ω H

VHmax

VHmin

VLmax

VLmin

Σ

KL

KL2KL17 + sTL7

1+ sTL8

1+ sTL2

KL11 + sTL1KL11+ sTL3 +

-Σ

1+ sTL4

1+ sTL51+ sTL6

1+ sTL9

1+ sTL10

1+ sTL11

1+ sTL12

VImax

VImin

VSTmax

VSTmin

KI

KI2KI17 + sTI7

1+ sTI8

1+ sTI2

KI11 + sTI1KI11+ sTI3 +

-Σ

1+ sTI4

1+ sTI51+ sTI6

1+ sTI9

1+ sTI10

1+ sTI11

1+ sTI12

KH

KH2KL17 + sTH7

1+ sTH8

1+ sTH2

KH11 + sTH1KH11+ sTH3 +

-Σ

1+ sTH4

1+ sTH51+ sTH6

1+ sTH9

1+ sTH10

1+ sTH11

1+ sTH12

- 1.759e-3s + 1

1.2739e-4s2+1.7823e-2s+1

80s2

S2+ 82s + 161s + 80

Bank of2 tuneable

notch filters

∆ω

∆ω H

∆ω LI

MB-PSS-Speed Deviation Transducers IEEE PSS4B model of the MB-PSS-

Model: IEEE PSS4B

VH MIN

VSTMIN

VSTMAX

∑

VIMIN

VLMIN

VH MAX

VST

∆ω L-I

∆ωH

∆ω SpeedTransducers

KI

VIMAX

VLMAX

FI

FH

KH

FL

KL

Symetrical filters

KH11 = KH17 = 1 (lead-lag blocks) (1)

TH2 = TH7 = 1 (2) 2π FH R½

TH1 = TH2 / R (3)

TH8 = TH7 * R (4)

KH1 = KH2 = (R2 + R) / (R2 – 2R + 1) (5)

MB-PSS Simplified Model

Simplified Model: A typical setting

KL = 5.0 FL= 0.04 Hz

KI = 25.0 FI = 0.70 Hz

KH = 120.0 FH= 8.0 Hz

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ga

in

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

−100

−50

0

50

100

Hz

Ph

ase

(D

eg

.)

Total outputIndividual bands

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ga

in

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

−150

−100

−50

0

50

100

Hz

Ph

ase

(D

eg

.)

Without transducersWith transducers

Bode locus of the 3 bands (without transducers)

Bode locus of MB-PSS (with and without transducers)

Hydro-Québec System: Modes of Oscillation

JACQUES-CARTIER

MANICOUAGAN

600 km

CHURCHILL-FALLSCOMPLEX (5 600 MW)

JAMES-BAYCOMPLEX (15 000 MW)

MANIC-OUTARDESCOMPLEX (8100 MW)

34 %

MONTAGNAIS

CHURCHILL

ARNAUD

MICOUACHIBOUGAMAU

RADISSON

NEMISCAU

LG - 3CHIS.

LG4

TILLY

LG2

Nepool

DES CANTONS

APPALACHES

LÉVIS

CHÂTEAUGUAY

CHÉNIER

ALBANEL

ABITIBI

GRAND - BRÛLÉ

CHAMOUCHOUANE

SAGUENAY

LAURENTIDES

LA VÉRENDRYE

20 %20 %

32 %34 %

40 % 26 %

17 %

16 %

44 %

40 %

LEGEND

735 Kv Substation DC Converter Series Compensation DC line

1- DUVERNAY2- BOUCHERVILLE3- CARIGNAN N.Y.PA

AREA MONTRÉAL

QUÉBECAREA

NICOLET

1000 km

400km

12

3

40 %

HERTEL

INTER-AREAMODES

MODEGLOBAL

LOCALMODES

MIMO model for simulations on HQ system :MIMO model for simulations on HQ system :

449 15949 59

340MW 515 MW5100 MW 5150 MW

1 unit 1 unit10 units15 units

LG2 Churchill

External Grid

xk+1 = A xk + B uk

yk = C xk + D uk

HQ System dominant modes identified with the MIMO model

Dominant modes No PSS

Hz z1] Global 0.063 0.24

2] Inter – area 1 0.69 0.023

3] Inter – area 2 1.025 0.076

4] Local 49 1.439 0.055

5] Local 59 1.437 0.036

6] Inter – machine 49 - 449 1.484 0.246

7] Inter – machine 59 – 159 1.604 0.121

Comparison Comparison of of PSSsPSSs

2Hs

∆ω VSTIEEE PSS1A

2Hs

∆ω

VSTIEEE PSS2B

VSI2

VSI1

10−1

100

101

102

0

50

100

150

200

250

Ma

gn

itu

de

(pu

/pu

)

10−1

100

101

102

−150

−100

−50

0

50

100

150

Hz

Ph

ase

(de

g.)

IEEE PSS2BIEEE PSS4B(LG2 Large Gain)IEEE PSS4B(Churchill Falls)Existing PSS

PSS4B : LG2 large gain(+ 1 sec. wash out in intermediate band)

KL = 9.4 FL= 0.04 HzKI = 47.6 FI = 0.70 HzKH = 233.0 FH= 8.0 Hz

PSS4B : Churchill Falls

KL = 6.25 FL= 0.04 HzKI = 42.0 FI = 0.80 HzKH = 150.0 FH= 11.0 Hz

DampingDamping performances : MIMO modelperformances : MIMO model

Dominant modes No PSS

Hz ζ1] Global 0.063 0.24

2] Inter – area 1 0.69 0.023

3] Inter – area 2 1.025 0.076

4] Local 49 1.439 0.055

5] Local 59 1.437 0.036

6] Inter – machine 49 - 449 1.484 0.246

7] Inter – machine 59 – 159 1.604 0.121

Hz 0.059

0.58

0.91

2.21

2.16

2.36

2.47

Hz 0.07

0.58

0.93

1.29

1.33

4.2

4.0

ζ0.22

0.14

0.30

0.26

0.34

0.14

0.09

ζ0.35

0.24

0.28

0.4

0.4

0.31

0.37

Current PSS (at both sites) MB-PSS (at both sites)

Frequency domain Frequency domain impulse impulse response at response at LG2LG2

10−1

100

101

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

pu

/pu

(a) Speed(449): Gain Response to Voltage Excitation at LG2(49)

10−1

100

101

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Hz

pu

/pu

(b) Pacc(449): Gain Response to Voltage Excitation at LG2(449)

PSS4B(Normal Gain)PSS4B(High Gain)Existing PSS

Step responses at Step responses at LG2 : LG2 : field and field and simulationsimulation

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

−10

0

10

MW

De

via

tio

n

+50MVARS STEP

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

−2

−1

0

PS

S S

ign

al(%

)

PSS4B−Normal Gain (Test #7d16)PSS4B−High Gain(Test #17d16)Existing PSS (Test #5d16)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

−0.04

−0.02

0

0.02

Sp

ee

d D

evia

tio

n(H

z)

Time in seconds

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

−10

0

10

MW

De

via

tio

n

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

−2

−1

0

PS

S S

ign

al(%

)0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

−0.04

−0.02

0

0.02

Sp

ee

d D

evia

tio

n(H

z)

Time in seconds

PSS4B(Normal Gain)PSS4B(High Gain)Existing PSS

Field : 50 MVARS step Simulation : step on Vref

LG2 power plant : unit 8LG2 power plant : unit 8

Test set-up at LG2 : in the control panel

Test set-up at Gentilly nuclear plant

ConclusionsConclusionsA new concept of PSS was presentedMB-PSS : a Delta Omega PSS with 3 working bandsIEEE model : PSS4BSimplified setting method : 3 Central Frequencies (FL, FI, FH) and 3 Gains (GL, GI, GH) Damping performances on Hydro-Québec system

Simulation results (small signal MIMO modeling) Close loop field tests

Validation of PSS4B modelMB-PSS will be used in all future projects at Hydro-Québec :

Present projects : SM3, Gentilly II, Rapid 2, Rapid 7, Outardes 3,Toulnoustuc, Duvernay & Lévis Synchronous Condensers …