GROSS FEATURES OF HUMERUS

Dr. Atif Raza

Objectives:

At the end of the session, Students will be able to understand:

• Gross Anatomical Features of Humerus

• Site Determination

• Common Sites of Fractures

• Vessels and Nerves in Intimate Contact with Humerus

• Angle of Torsion

• Carrying Angle

Humerus (Gross Features)

Humerus has the following parts:

1. Upper End

2. Middle Shaft

3. Lower End

Upper End

It includes:

1. Head

(directed medially, backwards and upwards)

2. Tubercles (Greater & Lesser)

3. Necka) Anatomical Neck

b) Surgical Neck

Lower End

• It Includes:

1. Two Epicondyles (Medial & Lateral)

2. Trochlea

3. Capitulum

4. Three Fossaea) Olecranon (Posterioly)

b) Radial Fossa (Anteriorly)

c) Coronoid Fossa (Anteriorly)

Shaft

It has:

1. Three Bordersa) Anterior

b) Medial

c) Lateral

2. Three surfacesa) Antero-medial

b) Antero-lateral

c) Posterior

SITE DETERMINATION

• The upper end is rounded to form the head.

• The lower end is expanded from side to side and flattened from before backwards.

• The head is directed medially and backwards.

• The lesser tubercle projects from the front of the upper end and is limited laterally by the intertuberacular sulcus (bicipital groove)

NERVES & ARTERIES LIABLE TO DAMAGE IN FRACTURE OF HUMERUS

At surgical neck:

1. Axillary Nerve

2. Poeterior circumflex humeral

artery

At Mid Shaft (Radial Groove):

1. Radial Nerve

2. Profunda brachii artery

At Medial Epicondyle:

1. Ulnar Nerve

2. Ulnar Collateral artery

At Supra condylar Region:

1. Median Nerve

2. Brachial artery

Angle of Torsion

It is the angulation b/w the long

axis of the articular surfaces of

upper and lower end of Humerus.

Carrying Angle

The angle made by the axes of the arm and the forearm, with the elbow in full extension.

• Male: 5o

• Female: 10-15o

SummaryHumerus

Upper End

-Head

-Neck

-2 Tubercles

Shaft

-3 Borders

-3 Surfaces

Lower End

-2 Epicondyles

-3 Fossae

-Capitulum

-Trochlea

THANK YOU