Ground-based surveys: layout of talk UCAC and … IAU 08 2006 Aug 21 ground-based surveys: UCAC and...

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ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21

Ground-based surveys:UCAC and beyond

Norbert Zacharias

U.S. Naval ObservatoryAstrometry Department

Cataloging and Requirements Division

[email protected]

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layout of talk

� CMC14 (9 ... 17 mag, 35 mas)� PM2000 (Bordeaux zone incl. PM CdC)� UCAC (8 ... 16 mag, 20 mas)� URAT (future 0.85 m telescope)� going deep (Pan-STARRS, LSST, VISTA, DAS)

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CMC 14

Carlsberg Meridian Telescope (CMT)

Catalog # 14

2005 Dec 31

http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~dwe

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CMT

� 17.8 cm / 266 cm automated transit telescope� 1984: Carlsberg TC (Denmark) --> La Palma� 1997: remote operation� 1998: change to CCD� 1999: upgrade to 2k CCD, lim.mag r'=17� project supervision: J.L. Muinos, ROA San Fernando,

Spain; joint project with Cambridge, UK

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CMC 14

� superseds CMC 12, 13 (1–11 = micrometer)� -30 to + 50 deg declination complete� 95.9 million stars� goes deeper than UCAC, PM2000� position only – so far

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PM 2000Bordeaux Zone (Carte du Ciel)

positions and proper motions

2006 release

based on M2000 catalog (2001)

http://www.obs.u-bordeaux1.fr/m2a/soubiran/equipe/JF/M2000/m2000.htm

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PM 2000 recent epoch

� automated drift scan, Bordeaux TC, 4 yr observing� +11 to +18 deg declination� 2.67 million stars� complete to V = 15.4, lim.mag. = 16.3� 96% of stars: n > 6 times observed, median = 7� 37 to 50 mas errors (11...15 mag)� system. err. = f (color) corrected (declination) � add 2MASS photometry

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PM 2000 early epoch

� 512 CdC plates (1893 – 1937) scanned on APM � lim. mag V = 14 ... 16, 370,000 stars� add in YS3 and USNO-A2 for faint stars� global system.error correction: offset = f(mag)� global astrometric reduction for position + PM� CdC based PM errors: 1.5 mas/yr !� Ducourant et al. (2006) A&A 448, 1235� Rapaport et al. (2006) CdC data separately published

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catalogs in comparison name of proper mag numb pos.err year Dec catalog motion range stars (mas) range ------------------------------------------------ ICRF QSO radio 500 0.3 200x -90+90 Hip. yes <= 12 100 K 1.0 1997 -90+90 Tycho-2 yes <= 12 2.5 M 10..100 2000 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------ PM2000 yes 8..16 2.7 M 37.. 50 2006 +11+18 CMC14 no 9..17 96 M 35..100 2005 -30+50 UCAC2 yes 8..16 40 M 20.. 70 2003 -90+50 UCAC3 yes 8..16 60 M 15.. 70 2007 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------ 2MASS no IR 500 M 90 2003 -90+90 USNO-B yes 12..21 1000 M 200 2003 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------ PanSTARRS yes 17..23 2000 M 30 2007 -40+90 URAT yes 14..21 1000 M 5..20 2009 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------

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U S N OC C DA s t r o g r a p hC a t a l o g

PI: Norbert Zacharias

Astrometry Department

U.S. Naval Observatory

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UCAC observing

� 1997 – 2004 (all-sky completed)� 579 – 642 nm bandpass� R = 8 to 16 mag� positions accurate to 20 mas (10 – 14 mag)� incl. proper motions (various early catalogs)

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modify dome at CTIO

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observing at CTIO

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astrograph at NOFS

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backend of astrograph

4k camera

x-y slide

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UCAC products

� UCAC1 (2000) : part of Southern Hemisphere� UCAC2 (2003) : -90 to +50 deg decl.� UCAC3 (2007) :

� all-sky coverage; re-processing all pixel data� improved completeness (bright stars, doubles)� improved x,y coordinates (empirical profile fits)� improved astrometric reduction (global, iteration)� improved photometry (1 band)

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re-processing pixel data

� 4.5 TB compressed� dark, flat handling� double star fits� empirical profiles� identify overexposed� multi-level results� keep “fit crash”

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fit results double stars

WDS values............ UCAC fit values............filename WDS DD theta rho V1 V2 theta +/- rho +/----------------------------------------------------------------------------------s120792a 12418+0722 A 1782 135 2.1 10.02 11.91 137.58 0.69 2.073 0.025s128222a 12418+0722 A 1782 135 2.1 10.02 11.91 135.98 0.76 2.220 0.029

s127944a 19212-1146 TDT1394 59 9.4 10.56 10.71 57.49 0.05 9.528 0.008s128117a 19212-1146 TDT1394 59 9.4 10.56 10.71 57.41 0.08 9.544 0.014

s137443a 00591+0523 STF 78 244 5.0 10.25 10.47 244.51 0.14 5.025 0.013s152296a 05543+1631 TDS3415 272 9.3 12.36 12.43 271.82 0.09 9.385 0.015s154587a 03450+2243 STF 442 268 2.5 10.06 13.00 267.94 0.33 2.463 0.014

s237690a 12117+6415 LDS2636 11 5.1 15.8 16.0 12.33 0.55 5.140 0.049s237692a 12117+6415 LDS2636 11 5.1 15.8 16.0 9.99 0.76 4.941 0.065

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StarScan plate measuring

� early epoch data for proper motions� CCD camera, step-stare mode� accurate to ~0.35 micrometer absolute� 1929.. 1932 AGK2: 1,940 plates: all done� 1976..1995 ZA: 2,300 plates: all done� 1983..1990 BB: 700 plates: 150 done� 1985..2000 Lick: 200 plates: 0 done

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StarScan plate measure machineWashington, DC

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StarScan calibration

2 umx,y tableerrorscalibratedto RMS 0.35 um

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KPNO 2.1 m

extragalactic reference frame link

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ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21 IAU C08


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UCAC3 public release options

� possible levels of product:

1) mean position and PM catalog (60 + million stars, all sky) include only if >= 2 detections + PM available

2) extract and identify minor planets -> separate cat.

3) individual epoch RA, Dec of all detections

4) individual x,y data of all detections (CTE problem)

5) pixel data images (very noisy, dark current ...)� include other catalogs for proper motions ?

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U S N OR o b o t i cA s t r o m e t r i cT e l e s c o p e

PI: Norbert Zacharias



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URAT overview� USNO Robotic Astrometric Telescope

� 0.85 m aperture, focal length = 3.6 m� 4.5 degree diameter field of view� large format detector (world largest CCD)

� 2 px / FWHM at 1.0 arcsec seeing� 9 micrometer pixel size� 4 CCDs, each 95 mm on a side

� 50 s / 250 s integration� 13 to 21 mag� goal 5 mas for 'well exposed stars'

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URAT optical design

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ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21 IAU C08


URATFPA4 10.5k CCD4 guide CCD4 focus CCD

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DALSA STA June 2006

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status of URAT project

� telescope:� optical design studies completed� contract for primary mirror in place� NAVY full funding requested this year

� detector:� SBIR phase II signed Dec. 2005� 10.5k by 10.5k CCD chip produced successfully� first light prototype camera end of 2006

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going deep

� Pan-STARRS: had first light in 2006� VISTA: will come on-line soon� LSST: first light in 2012� DAS: Deep Astrometric Standards (selected areas)

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PS1

� first telescope (1.8 m) dedicated 2006 June 30� Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii� OTA CCDs, 0.3 arcsec/pixel� 3 degree FOV, 30 to 60 sec exposures� 6000 sq. deg / night� astrometric quality: ??� regular survey: 16 to 23 mag

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Deep Astrometric Standards (DAS)

� PI: Imants Platais� use KPNO, CTIO 4-meter� 4 selected fields, 3.5 deg diameter � 5 - 10 mas on ICRF, lim. mag = 25� V and I band photometry� first observing run successful, second Oct 2006� repeat several years -> proper motions 2 mas/yr� galactic kinematics; reference stars for LSST, ...

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summary

� CMC14: -30 to +50 : r' = 17, 96 million stars� PM2000: +11 to +18: extremely good proper motions� UCAC3: all-sky to 16th mag, release in 2007� URAT: all-sky to 21th mag, partly funded

� optics design done, primary mirror ordered� 111 million pixel CCD manufactured

� PanSTARRS in commissioning phase� DAS: had 1st observing run at 4-meter

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backup slides

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goals of the URAT project� regular survey: 13 to 21 mag stars

� overlap with UCAC stars (8 to 16 mag)� direct link to faint, extragal. ref. frame sources� optimized for astrometry, absolute positions � lower systematic errors than PanSTARRs, LSST ...

� 5 - 20 mas positional accuracy = f (mag)� bright stars: 3 to 13 mag: astrograph or MAPS� all sky: 2 locations (north and south)� robotic: low operation costs� multiple overlap in 1 - 2 years per hemisphere

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URAT cut side view

EOST, 2005

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URATFASA2(EOST 2005)

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STA, 200610,560 x 10,560full waferlayout

2006 June 19 DALSApress release

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N a v a l O b s e r v a t o r yM e r g e dA s t r o m e t r i cD a t a s e t

Naval Observ. Flagstaff Station



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NOMAD overview (release 1)

� all-sky, all stars: Sirius to 21st mag� positions + proper motions + photometry� pick “best” data each star (not compiled cat.)

� Hipparcos + Tycho-2 � UCAC + “Yellow Sky” + USNO-B� 2MASS ...

� http://www.nofs.navy.mil/nomad on-line� 100 GB hard disk copy upon request

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Ground-based surveys: layout of talk UCAC and … IAU 08 2006 Aug 21 ground-based surveys: UCAC and...

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