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GROUND WATER

CHEMISTRY

MARIA ZEB AWAN

SP12-BES-006

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CONTENTS  Groundwater definition

  Obe!ti"e#  $%e&i!a' !%ara!teri#ti!# of (roundwater

  )i##o'"ed !on#tituent# in (round water

 

*ra!e e'e&ent# in GW  Maor e'e&ent# in GW

  $%e&i!a' !%ara!teri#ti!# of (roundwater

  Mo"e&ent of (roundwater

  Mo"e&ent of !%e&i!a'# wit% (roundwater

  A(e of GW

  Rea!ti"e nature of GW

 

A!id# in GW

GW+(round water

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GROUNDWATER DEFINITION  Groundwater i# t%e water found

under(round in t%e !ra!# and #.a!e# in #oi'/#and and ro!

   It i# #tored in and &o"e# #'ow' t%rou(%

(eo'o(i! for&ation# of #oi'/ #and and ro!#

!a''ed auifer#  *%e #tud of water f'ow in aquifers and t%e

!%ara!teri3ation of aquifers i# !a''ed%dro(eo'o(

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O!ECTI"ES

  In t%i# .re#entation we wi''

'oo at t%e (enera' !%e&i!a'

!%ara!teri#ti!# of

(roundwater

  #o&e of t%e (eo!%e&i!a'

.ro!e##e# t%at are i&.ortant

in t%e !%e&i!a' e"o'ution of

water t%at f'ow# t%rou(% t%e

(round wi'' a'#o be e"a'uated

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DISSO#"ED CONSTITUENTS N GW

  A wide ran(e of different e'e&ent# !an

be!o&e di##o'"ed in (roundwater a# a re#u't

of intera!tion# wit% t%e at&o#.%ere/ t%e

#urfi!ia' en"iron&ent/ #oi' and bedro!  Ground water# tend to %a"e &u!% %i(%er

!on!entration# of &o#t !on#tituent# t%an do

#urfa!e water#/

  dee. (roundwater# %a"e been in !onta!twit% ro! for a 'on( ti&e

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MA!OR COM$ONENTS IN GW

  *%e are &ea#ured in &(45

  *%e &aor di##o'"ed !o&.onent# of (round

water# in!'ude Anions

 bi!arbonate  !%'oride  #u'.%ate

%ations  #odiu&

$a'!iu&

 &a(ne#iu& .ota##iu&

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TRACE E#EMENTS IN GW

  A'' of t%e e'e&ent# in t%e .eriodi! tab'e are

.re#ent at #o&e !on!entration in &o#t water

#a&.'e#/ but on' a fra!tion of t%e#e are

i&.ortant to u# So&e e7a&.'e!on!entration# 8in &(45 and 9(45: for t%e

#a&e ten #a&.'e# 'i#ted abo"e are (i"en in

t%e tab'e be'ow

 

;-/ Si/ 5i /B/ A' / Mn/ ;e/ $u/ Zn /A#/ Sr/ andBa

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CHEMICA# CHARACTERISTICSCharacteristics Surface Water Ground Water

Temperature varies with season relatively constants

Turbidity, SSLevel variable, sometimeshigh

Low or nil (except in karstsoil)

Colour 

Due mainly to SS (clays,algae) except invery sot or acidic waters

(humic acids)

Due above all to dissolvedsolids

!ineral content"aries with soil, rainall,eluents, etc#

Largely constant, generallyappreciably higher than insurace water rom the samearea

Divalent $e and!n in solution

%sually none, except at the bottom o lakes and ponds in the processo eutrophication

%sually present

Dissolved &'&ten near saturation level,absent in very polluted water 

%sually none

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CHEMICA# CHARACTERS &CONT'(Characteristics Surface Water Ground Water

'S %sually none &ten present *

$ound only in pollutedwater 

&ten ound

 itrates Level generally low Level sometimes high

Silica

%sually moderate

 proportions Level oten high

!ineral and organicmicro+pollutants

Can be present but liable todisappear rapidly once the source isremoved

%sually none but anyaccidental

 pollutionlasts a verylong time

Living organisms acteria, viruses, plankton -ron bacteria re.uentlyound

Chlorinated solvents /arely present &ten present

0utrophic nature&ten# -ncreased by high

temperatures

 one

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MO"EMENT OF GROUND WATER 

 

(roundwater i# in !on#tant &otion   t%e rate at w%i!% it &o"e# i#

(enera'' #'ower t%an it wou'd

&o"e in a #trea& be!au#e it &u#t

.a## t%rou(% t%e intri!ate.a##a(ewa# between free #.a!e#

in t%e ro!

  ;ir#t (roundwater &o"e#

downward due to t%e .u'' of(ra"it

  it !an a'#o &o"e u.ward# be!au#e

it wi'' f'ow fro& %i(%er-.re##ure

area# to 'ower .re##ure area#

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MO"EMENT OF GW &CONT'(

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MO"EMENT OF CHEMICA#S A#ONG WITHGROUND WATER 

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AGE OF GROUNDWATER   T)e a*e &ti+e sin%e re%)ar*e(

  ,aries in different -arts of *round.water.f/ows0ste+s'

  A(e in!rea#e# #teadi' a'on( a .arti!u'ar f'ow

.at% t%rou(% t%e (round-water-f'ow ##te&

fro& an area of re!%ar(e to an area ofdi#!%ar(e

  s)a//ow2 /o%a/.s%a/e f/ow s0ste+s a(e# at area#of di#!%ar(e !an "ar fro& 'e## t%an a da to a

few %undred ear#  dee-2 re*iona/ f/ow s0ste+s 3 wit% 'on( f'ow

.at%# 8ten# of &i'e#:/ a(e# &a rea!% t%ou#and#

or ten# of t%ou#and# of ear#

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/eactive nature o

groundwater 

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ACID REACTION IN GROUNDWATER 

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GROUNDWATER CHANGES

  Sea#ona' !%an(e#

  $ontinuou# de!rea#e due to water una"ai'abi'it

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RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER 

 

Groundwater re!%ar(e or dee. draina(e ordee. .er!o'ation i# a %dro'o(i! .ro!e##

w%ere water &o"e# downward fro& #urfa!e

water to (roundwater

 

Re!%ar(e i# t%e .ri&ar &et%od t%at waterenter# an auifer

  Water !!'e

  Natura' re!%ar(e rain water

  Artifi!ia' re!%ar(e #ee.a(e

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RECHARGE &CONT'(

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CONC#UDING $OINTS  Ground water i# a &aor re#er"oir #tored under t%e

#urfa!e of eart%  It !on#i#t of different #&a''er to &aor !o&.onent#

t%at .'a "ita' ro'e in it# !%ara!teri3ation

  A!id# .re#ent i# (round water %e'. in di##o'ution of

ro!# around t%e water  Ground water &o"e&ent i# #'ower but it# &o#t

!%ara!ter# re&ain !on#tant

  Groundwater tab'e !%an(e# o!!ur #ea#ona''

   re!%ar(e of (round water i# de.endent on fre#% and

o!ean water

  Ant%ro.o(eni! a!ti"itie# are %i(%' di#turbin(

(roundwater uantit and ua'it

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REFERENCES  %tt.44www'ennte!%!o&4(roundwater4.ro

.ertie#

  %tt.#44www(oo('e!o&.4#ear!%<

+!%e&i!a'=!o&.o#ition=of=(roundwater  %tt.44www'ennte!%!o&4(roundwater4.ro

.ertie#%t&

  %tt.44.ub#u#(#(o"4!ir!4!ir!11>64%t&'4(e

n?fa!t#%t&'

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