Date post: | 19-Dec-2015 |
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Vegetation & LOD Surveys
Part of multi-resource inventoryo Need information on the entire ecosystemo Need to gain information on
Forest structureVariability in conditionsSystem processes
Vegetation & LOD Surveys
Info on structure, variability, processes …o Builds inventory on critical habitat conditionso Enables I.D. of wildlife habitat relationshipso Aids grouping of stands into productivity classes o Enhances grouping of stands into risk classes o Allows development of management targets for
Biological diversity maintenanceManaging potential fire hazardSilvicultural manipulations
Vegetation & LOD Surveys
Surveys are best stratified for efficiency
o Coarse woody litter (Large Organic Debris)Use transects (line intersect)
o Groundstory componentUse transects (line intercept) sometimes fixed-area
o Understory componentUse transects (line intercept) sometimes fixed-area
o Overstory component Use fixed-area plots (variable-area)
Vegetation & LOD Example Survey
Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA)
o In continuous operation since 1930
o Mission "make and keep current a comprehensive inventory and
analysis of the present and prospective conditions of and requirements for the renewable resources of the forest and rangelands of the US."
o Collects, analyzes, and reports information on the status and trends of America’s forests: how much forest exists, where it exists, who owns it, and how it is changing
Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA)
o Information collected on Soil qualityDown woody debrisVegetation structure and diversityCrown conditionTree mortalityTree growthLichen communitiesVegetation health
Vegetation & LOD Example Survey
ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD SurveyPlot system layout
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Line Intercept
Line Intersect
RandomDirections
ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey
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Line Intercept Sampling for vegetation cover & composition
ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD SurveyPlot system layout
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Line Intersect
ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey
Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris
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ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD SurveyPlot system layout
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RandomDirections
Compass Scale: Azimuths & Bearings
Compass directions are circular
Azimuths shown here
Azimuths run clockwise from N (0 - 360o)
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Compass directions are circular
Bearings shown here
Bearings consist of a latitudinal hemisphere (N or S) followed by 0 - 90o toward either longitudinal direction (E or W)
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Compass Scale: Azimuths & Bearings
As expected, can convert from azimuths to bearings and back again
Bearings shown in red with azimuths in ()
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Compass Scale: Azimuths & Bearings
The Compass: Magnetic Declination
Magnetic North does NOT coincide w/ True North
Declinations are constantly moving
2008: Seattle / Kenmore dec. 17o 14’ E
East declinations as of 2000 C.E.
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Magnetic Declination Affects Your Compass Reading
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Compass Parts
Needle “Red”
Base arrow “Shed”
Screw to set declination: No further calculations needed!
Always read compass here: “Fred”
Determining a direction … (to an object, landmark, etc.)
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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3. “Red” (needle) is in the Shed”
4. Read direction to “Fred”
1. Point “Fred” at object
Following a given direction …
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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3. in the “Shed” (base arrow)…
4. then follow “Fred” …
1. Dial in given direction