Groundwater Governance for Agricultural Production in Rural Areas y Water consumption and Groundwater use y Legal Framework for Groundwater Governance within SADC L i l ti dI tit ti lR i t y Legislative and Institutional Requirements y Modes of Groundwater Governance y Scientific and Technical Requirements y Case Study within SADC – importance of active Public Participation Case Study within SADC importance of active Public Participation y Conclusions 1 Governance for Production and Food in Rural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Transcript
Groundwater Governance for Agricultural Production in Rural Areas
Water consumption and Groundwater use p
Legal Framework for Groundwater Governance within SADC
L i l ti d I tit ti l R i tLegislative and Institutional Requirements
Modes of Groundwater Governance
Scientific and Technical Requirements
Case Study within SADC – importance of active Public ParticipationCase Study within SADC importance of active Public Participation
Conclusions
1 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Average Water Sectoral Consumption within Namibia
Agriculture Groundwater use 97 Mm3 24 %SECTOR CONSUMPTN
According to the Groundwater Investigation over-utilised 3 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Legal Framework for Groundwater Governance within SADC Countries
Description Regional Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa
Summary of the legislative and policy framework, and the respective institutions responsible for water management in each of the member countries
Effective d
Water Policy Regional Water Policy, SADC, 2006
Lesotho Water and Sanitation Policy 2007
Namibia Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2004
National Water Policy, 1997
Revised Water Water groundwater governance relies on appropriate
Water Law Protocol On Shared Watercourses, SADC, 2000
Water Law [CAP 34:01] 1968
Resources Act 1978; Water Act 2008
Water Resources Management Act 2004
National Water Act No. 36, 1998
Lesotho laws and institutionsIWRM
Strategy
Regional Water Strategy, 2007
Under development
esot oNational Water Resources Management Policy
Integrated Water Resource Management Plan
National Water Resources Strategy
(NWRMP) 1999
Plan
Environmental
National Policy on Natural Environmental National Environmental
Protection and Management
Resources Conservation And Development, EIA Act, 6 of 2005
Environmental Act 2001
Environmental Management Act No. 7 of 2007
Environmental Management Act No. 107, 1998
4 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
2005
Legislative Requirements for Groundwater Governance
Need for a license system to
RSA Water Act - 1998Compulsory licence applications
control the use of groundwater
by large-scale users43. (1) ................water use in respect of one or
more water resources within a specific geographic area belicensed -Namibian Water Resources Management Act
2004
45.(1) ............a person must not abstract /
licensed (a) to achieve a fair allocation of water from a water resource in accordance with section 45 -(i) which is under water stress; or( ) p
irrigate and use water from a water resource,
unless the person holds a licence issued by
the Minister that authorises the abstraction
(ii) when it is necessary to review prevailing water use to achieve equity in allocations;(b) to promote beneficial use of water in the public interest;(c) to facilitate efficient management of thethe Minister that authorises the abstraction
and use of water from that water resource
(c) to facilitate efficient management of the water resource; or(d) to protect water resource quality,
5 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Modes of Groundwater Governance and Governmental Responsibility for Groundwater Resource ManagementResponsibility for Groundwater Resource Management
Responsibility of the Water Department (Resource Management) to implement legislationResponsibility of the Water Department (Resource Management) to implement legislation
A mechanism for Stakeholder Cooperation exists within Namibia and RSA – Extension Services
Compliance checks are limited - Law enforcement can be a problem
Namibian Water Resources Management Act 2004l b
p p
Article 26 ‐ A basin management committee may, after consultation with stakeholders in its water management area and the Minister –(a) establish any subcommittee to deal with specific issues within a distinct part of its Under Chapter 7 of the RSA Water Act ‐ 1998p pwater management area;
46.(1) Where the location of the proposed abstraction is within the water management area of a basin management committee the
Under Part 1 a catchment management agency
may be established for a specific water
management area, after public consultation, area of a basin management committee, the Minister must refer the application to that committee for investigation and the making of a recommendation in relation to the application.
management area, after public consultation,
on the initiative of the community and
stakeholders concerned
6 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Scientific and Technical Knowledge for Effective Groundwater Governance(Case Study within SADC)( y )
Generally sufficient technical capacity within the SADC Region – if correct useis made of the private sector working together with the Governmental
GOT Karstic AquiferStudy area with Groundwater Monitoring Points
g gTechnical Departments
7 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Managerial and Planning Instruments – Stakeholder Engagement(Case Study within SADC)
O i f h KWMB & i i i f k h ldOperations of the KWMB & participation of stakeholders
The KWMB was constituted in 2003 as a voluntary & advisory bodyThe KWMB was constituted in 2003 as a voluntary & advisory body
The objectives of KWMB: Optimize management and achieve the t b fi i l t i bl f t f th KWCAmost beneficial , sustainable use of water resources of the KWCA.
Enhance communication between the Government, those institutions d i bli t i i th K t W t C t l Aengaged in public water services in the Karst Water Control Area
Develop better understanding about water issues between all stakeholders engaged in the water sector in the Karst Water Controlstakeholders engaged in the water sector in the Karst Water Control Area
Promote water awareness and stakeholder participation throughPromote water awareness and stakeholder participation through regular meetings between the stakeholders
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Regulatory Instruments for Water Use(Case Study within SADC)
A 500,000Irrigation water
B1 2,400,000
B2 6,200,000
C 500,000 Groundwater AllocationTotal 9,600,000
9 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Regulatory Instruments for Water Use(Case Study within SADC)( y )
D 200,000
Irrigation water
E + F 500,000
G 1,500,000 Groundwater Allocation
Total 2,200,00010 Governance for Production and Food in
Rural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Regulatory Instruments for Water Use(Case Study within SADC)(Case Study within SADC)
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Regulatory Instruments for Water Use(Case Study within SADC)
Allocated and Permitted Water Amounts
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Regulatory Instruments for Water Useg y(Case Study within SADC)
1 8 1 7 D D - C o n c o r d ia - W W 3 2 6 2 6 - A r e a A
1 1 4 9 . 0
1 . 6 7 m 1 9 1 7 B B - L u d w ig s h a f e n - 9 7 ( B 2 /2 ) A r e a B 2
J a n - 9 0 O c t - 9 2 J u l - 9 5 A p r - 9 8 J a n - 0 1 O c t - 0 3 J u l - 0 6 M a r - 0 91 1 8 8 . 01 1 8 9 . 01 1 9 0 . 01 1 9 1 . 01 1 9 2 . 01 1 9 3 . 01 1 9 4 . 0
M a y -9 0
S e p -9 1
J a n - 9 3 J u n - 9 4 O c t - 9 5 M a r - 9 7 J u l- 9 8 D e c -9 9
A p r - 0 1 S e p -0 2
J a n - 0 4 M a y -0 5
O c t - 0 6 F e b - 0 8 J u l- 0 9
1 9 1 8 A C - K h u s i b ( 8 2 ) - W W 2 7 0 6 6 - A r e a C + 1 1 . 8 0 m 1 9 1 7 D A - S o m m e r a u 2 - W W 2 7 0 0 1 - A r e a D( - 1 9 . 7 0 3 3 3 S 1 7 . 6 9 5 5 8 E ) + 1 8 . 2 8 m
1 4 2 0 . 0
1 4 2 5 . 0
1 4 3 0 . 0
( )
1 5 4 0 . 0
1 5 5 0 . 0
1 5 6 0 . 0
1 4 1 0 . 0
1 4 1 5 . 0
F e b - 8 2 N o v - 8 4 A u g - 8 7 M a y - 9 0 J a n - 9 3 O c t - 9 5 J u l - 9 8 A p r - 0 1 J a n - 0 4 O c t - 0 6 J u l - 0 9 A p r - 1 21 5 2 0 . 0
1 5 3 0 . 0
F e b - 8 2 N o v - 8 4 A u g - 8 7 M a y - 9 0 J a n - 9 3 O c t - 9 5 J u l - 9 8 A p r - 0 1 J a n - 0 4 O c t - 0 6 J u l - 0 9 A p r - 1 2
13 Governance for Production and Food inRural Areas‐ CHR Water Consultants
Regulatory Instruments for Water Use(Case Study within SADC)
Total Volume of Groundwater in Karst Area - Above Water Levels of October 2005
100 000 000
80 000 000
90 000 000
m3)
Series1
60 000 000
70 000 000
Volu
me
(m
40 000 000
50 000 000
20 000 000
30 000 000
0
10 000 000
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Concluding Remarks
It is often politically difficult and time consuming to amend legal provisions and organizational arrangements for groundwater governance, and thus it is advisable to follow a ‘parallel‐track approach’ by first identifying how to implement preferred management and protection measures within the existing framework, A d b th t k it i l d i bl t d ft l ti i ll l t th And by the same token, it is also advisable to draft necessary regulations in parallel to the corresponding legal amendmentsCannot wait only for law but be proactivethere is a definite need of a system for higher level user and stakeholder participation there is a definite need of a system for higher‐level user and stakeholder participation, called here an aquifer management organization (AMOR), to be formed at the initiative of the water resource regulatory agency, in which all WUAs and other main categories of stakeholder are representedOn a transboundary level it can be handled through the River Basin Organisations
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Concluding Remarksg
Stakeholder participation is an essential provision for sound groundwater resource governance, but generally needs to be complemented by a local
l i h f ll i lgovernment agency playing the following roles:• making complex groundwater situations understandable so that stakeholders can participate on a more informed basis enabling and nurturing stakeholder organizations, so they and not government can lead on local processes• ensuring all stakeholders are properly represented irrespective of their individual economic and political influence• establishing a sound and implementable groundwater resource rights system for controlling large users and protecting small ones – appropriate from the overall basin and groundwater body perspective and adapted to the operative glevel of community‐based management.
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Water is LifeWater is Life
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