GROUNDWATER Water table Zone of aeration- pore spaces filled with air Zone of saturation- pore spaces filled with water Dividing line is called the water table Zone of aeration Zone of saturation Water table Groundwater affects surface water Permeability how easily water flow through AQUIFERS Ogallala AquiferSaturated layer (below water table) Need high permeability WELLS Hole or pipe that is under the water table PUMPING WELLS Creates cone of depression Lowers water table Draw diagram below: Formation of a cone of depression in the water table Artesian wells Flow to the surface naturally w/o pumps Under pressure sandwiched between two impermeable layers GROUNDWATER POLLUTION SOURCES Septic tanks Landfills Fertilizers/pesticides Underground storage tanks (gas stations) Septic tanks landfills HARD WATER Calcium, magnesium creates hard water Will not suds up Creates white film in hot water pipes Hot springs and geysers Groundwater heated by magma reaches the surface OLD FAITHFUL Caves Dissolution of limestone Lowering of water table sinkholes Corvette museum 2014 Montezuma's well subsidence Ground slowly sinks Due to GW depleation Karst topography Acid groundwater dissolves limestone Series of sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves Common in KY, WV, TN, IN GEODES Formed from groundwater dissolution recrystallization