Group - 10 Global Compact Child Labour

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Global Compact

Child Labour

Abhishek Sople

KH08OCTMBA05 Ambarish Pawar KH08OCTMBA10

Amit Shetty KH08OCTMBA13Deepa Khati

KH08OCTMBA28

Nilesh More KH08OCTMBA38

Rajesh Radhakrishnan KH08OCTMBA58

Zulkernai Kanjariwala

KH08OCTMBA82


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Content

Introduction

What is Labour? Child Labour Today

Child Labour in India

Causes of Child Labour

Child Labour Laws World Wide

Child Labour Policies in India

Indian Silk Industry & Child Labour

Stop Child Labour

Conclusion

References


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Global CompactPrinciple 5

Businesses should uphold the effective

abolition of child labour.


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What is Labour?

Labour: A social class comprising those who do manual labour or work forwages;

"there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field.

Child Labour:

Child labor is done by any working child who is under the agespecified by law.

The word, work means full time commercial work to sustain self

or add to the family income.

Child labor is a hazard to a Childs mental, physical, social,educational, emotional and spiritual development.

Broadly any child who is employed in activities to feed self and

family is being subjected to child labor.


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Child Labour - Today Child labor is a very complicated development issue, effecting

human society all over the world.

It is a matter of grave concern that children are not receiving theeducation and leisure which is important for their growing years,because they are sucked into commercial and laborious activities

which is meant for people beyond their years.

According to the statistics given by ILO and other official agencies246 million children between 5 to 17 years of age employed ineconomic activities all over the world.

According to study, 146 million children between the age of 6 to11, who are out of school due to the Child Labour in which Majorityis Boys.

According to study, 283 million children between the age of 12 to

17, who are out of school due to the Child Labour in which Majorityis Girls.


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Child Labour - TodayCountry Age %

India 10 14 14.4%Bangladesh 10 14 30.1%

China 10 14 11.6%

Pakistan 10 14 17.7%

Turkey 10 14 24%Egypt 10 14 11.2%

Kenya 10 14 41.3%

Nigeria 10 14 25.8%

Senegal 10 14 31.4%Argentina 10 14 4.5%

Brazil 10 14 16.1%

Mexico 10 14 6.07%

Italy 10 14 0.4%

Portugal 10 14 1.8%


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Child Labour - Today

National surveys (50)

( 1998-2008)

Rapid assessments&

Baseline studies (100)

(2000-2008)

246 million child labourers

Worldwide

( age 5-17)

146 million children

Aged 6-11Out of school

283 million children

Aged 12-17 out of school

Majority boys

Majority girls

Child labour in figures (global estimates 2008) = knowledge


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According to the statistics given by Indian government thereare 20 million child laborers in the country, while otheragencies claim that it is 50 million

Carpet weaving industries pay very low wages to child

laborers and make them work for long hours in unhygienicconditions.

Children working in such units are mainly migrant workersfrom Northern India, who are shunted here by their families to

earn some money and send it to them.

Their families dependence on their income, forces them toendure the onerous work conditions in the carpet factories.


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No. Industry (India) %share

1 Pan, Bidi & Cigarettes 18

2 Construction 15

3 Domestic workers* 12

4 Spinning/ weaving 11

5 Brick-kilns, tiles 9.5

6 Dhabas/ Restaurants/ Hotels/ Motels* 7.7

7 Auto-workshop, vehicle repairs 7

8 Gem-cutting, Jewellery 6.2

9 Carpet-making 5.8

10 Ceramic 4.1

11 Agarbati, Dhoop & Detergent making 2.7

12 Others 2


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Some common causes of child labor are poverty, parentalilliteracy, social apathy, ignorance, lack of education and

exposure, exploitation of cheap and unorganized labor.

The family practice to inculcate traditional skills in children

also pulls little ones inexorably in the trap of child labor, asthey never get the opportunity to learn anything else.

Absence of compulsory education at the primary level,parental ignorance regarding the bad effects of child labor, the

ineffictivity of child labor laws in terms of implementation,non availability and non accessibility of schools, boring andunpractical school curriculum and cheap child labor are someother factors which encourages the phenomenon of child

labor.


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The industrial revolution has also had a negative effect bygiving rise to circumstances which encourages child labor.

Sometimes multinationals prefer to employ child workers inthe developing countries.

This is so because they can be recruited for less pay, morework can be extracted from them and there is no unionproblem with them.

This attitude also makes it difficult for adults to find jobs infactories, forcing them to drive their little ones to work to keepthe fire burning their homes.


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Child Labour Law Worldwide


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Child Labour Law Worldwide

Minimum Age Convention 138 (C138), 1973

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 1989

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 182(C182), 1999

Children (Pledging of Labour) Act 1933

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act1986


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Child Labour Law India

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986,

Seeks to prohibit employment of children below

14 years in hazardous occupations and processes andregulates the working conditions in otheremployments. Recently, Government has alsodecided to include children working as domestic

servants and those working in dhabas/roadsideeateries/motels etc. in the category of hazardousoccupations.

d lk d h ld


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Indian Silk Industry & ChildLabour

d lk d h ld


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Hundreds and thousands of children are toiling as bonded laborin Indias silk industry and the government is not able to doanything to protect their rights. Those children who are working inIndias silk industry are virtually slaves.

The southern state of Karnataka is a major silk producing state inIndia. It is the major producer of Indian silk thread.

The production depends completely on the labor of bondedchildren under the age of fourteen.

Children as young as nine years are tied and beaten with belts ifthey dont do they work properly by the supervisors and owners inthese industries.

d S lk d & Ch ld


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Kanchipuram is the hub of silk sari weaving in Tamil Nadu,where child labor thrives with a relish.

Children are ill-treated, scolded, beaten and denieddevelopment needs regularly for commercial gains in these

industries.

Silk fabric and silk threads are also produced in some otherstates of India, where child labor flourishes. The plight of these

small silk workers epitomizes the sorry state of bondedchildren in the country.

Commercial exploitation and corrupt governmentmachinery has violated all human rights efforts to improve thelot of these children


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Stop Child Labour


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Stop Child Labour


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Stop Child Labour

1. Increased family incomes

2. Education - that helps children learn skills that willhelp them earn a living

3. Social services - that help children and families survivecrises, such as disease, or loss of homeand shelter

4. Family control of fertility - so that families are notburdened by children


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Conclusion

It has been observed in India and other countries, that thepractice of childlabor is a socio- economic problem. Manyappalling realities like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment,low wages, ignorance, social prejudices, regressivetraditions, poor standard of living, backwardness,

superstition, low status of women have combined to givebirth to the terrible practice of child labor.

The children are required to seek employment either to

augment the income of their families or to have a gainfuloccupation in the absence of availability of school goingfacilities at various places.


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References

http://www.childlabor.in/child-labour-in-india.htm

http://www.ngosindia.com/resources/child_labour.php

http://www.unfoundation.org

http://www.ilo.org

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986

Children (Pledging of Labour) Act 1933


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Group - 10 Global Compact Child Labour

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