GROUP 7

\XI MIA 2

We need to bring in plants if there’s a number 3 signal.

If there’s a Black Rainstorm Warning, we need to stay inside.

What do we need to do during bad weather?

If a sign is hanging dangerously from a building,

we need to take it down.

We need to take a sign down if it is hanging

dangerously from a building.

Look and say.

(sign /hanging dangerously /from a building /take it down)

(landslide /

leave home quickly)

If there’s a landslide, we need to leave home quickly.We need to leave home quickly if there’s a

landslide.

ZERO CONDITIONAL

If you don’t water flowers, they die.

If you have a headache, stop watching TV.

With zero conditional

we express a general truth or we give advice.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

Main clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

or IMPERATIVE

If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.

If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.

The first conditional refers to the present and future.

It expresses a possible condition and

its probable result in the future.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

Main clause:

FUTURE SIMPLE

FIRST CONDITIONAL

Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.

If I had a lot of money,

I would buy a big house.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number.

If I knew his number,

I would phone him.

………….SECOND CONDITIONAL

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

if-clause:PAST TENSE SIMPLE

main clause:PRESENT CONDITIONAL would + infinitive

The second conditional refers to the present and future.

It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result.

The situation or condition is improbable, impossible,

imaginary, or contrary to known facts.

………….SECOND CONDITIONAL

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Jack wanted to buy a house last year but he couldn’t do that because he didn’t have any money.

If I had had a lot of money,

I would have bought

a big house.

Yesterday, Susan wanted to phone Paul but she couldn’t do that because she didn’t know his number.

If I had known his number,

I would have phoned him.

………….THIRD CONDITIONAL

If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.

If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.

if-clause:PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

main clause:PAST CONDITIONAL would + have + past participle

The third conditional refers to the past and

it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation

which is contrary to reality in the past.

………….THIRD CONDITIONAL

FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL

THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONALBoth conditionals refer to the present and future.

The difference is about probability, not time.First conditional: real and possible situations

Second conditional: unlikely to happen

If John runs fast, he will win the race.

If John ran fast, he would win the race.

This is still possible to happen.

This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.

SECOND v. THIRD CONDITIONAL

THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONALThe difference is about time.

Second conditional: refers to the present and future Third conditional: refers to the past situations

If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance.

If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance.

But I don’t see an accident now. This is unlikely to happen.

But I didn’t see an accident yesterday. This is contrary to the fact in the past.

MIXED CMIXED CONDITIONALS If-clauses can be mixed provided that they make sense within a context.

If-clause Main clauseMain clause

Type Type 33

If she If she had workedhad worked harder at harder at university, university,

She She would havewould have a degree now. a degree now. Type Type 22

(she didn`t work hard at university (she didn`t work hard at university so she doesn`t have a degree now. )so she doesn`t have a degree now. )

Type Type 22

If I If I were were faster, faster, I I would havewould have won the race. won the race. Type Type 33

(I´m not fast(I´m not fast so I didn´t win the race.)so I didn´t win the race.)

Type2 Type2

If they If they were studyingwere studying all morning, all morning, they they will bewill be tired now. tired now. Type Type 1 1

(they were studying(they were studying so they are tired now.)so they are tired now.)

ALL CONDITIONALS0. If he drives carefully, he avoids the accident.

General time reference.

1. If he drives carefully, he will avoid the accident tomorrow.

This is still possible to happen.

2. If he drove carefully, he would avoid the accident today.

But he doesn’t drive carefully. This is unlikely to happen.

3. If he had driven carefully, he would have avoided the accident yesterday.

But he didn’t drive carefully, so he didn’t avoid the accident.

The Subjunctive Mood

b. If only

If only I were you!

If only he were born in the USA!(He was not born in USA)

If only she had left last night! (She did not leave last night)

Type 2

Type 2

Type 3

The Subjunctive Mood

b. Would rather

I would rather you came earlier. (But you come late.)

Type 2

I would rather he had told me the secret. (But he didn’t.)

Type 3

* Non-subjunctive use of would rather

A : Do you want to go fishing today?

B : I would rather stay at home and take some rest.

(B prefers staying at home to going fishing)

The Subjunctive Mood

d. Lest (Conjunction)

He put the money in the safe lest someone should / might steal it.

e. It is (high) time

It is (high) time you studied hard.

(You have not studied hard. Now the examination is near, so you have to study very hard.)

Past Tense

It is time for you to leave (non-subjunctive)

What should we do if we want to ride a bicycle? If we want to ride a bicycle,

we should ride it on a cycle path.

If…

We can use should or should not in the

main clause when we are giving

suggestions or advice.

e.g.

If we want to ride a bicycle, we should ride it on a

cycle path.

(cross the road / use a pedestrian crossing)

If we want to cross the road, we should use a pedestrian crossing.

Look and say.

(cross the road / use a footbridge)

Now you try.

If we want to cross the road, we should use a footbridge.