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Daniel festin1

Daniel festin2Its a late 20th-century movement in Western philosophy characterized by broadskepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion ofreasonBy Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity without illusion, the illusion being the belief that humanity can be repaired by some ethic principle. Postmodernity can be seen in this light as accepting the messy nature of humanity as unchangeable.It rejects the narrow approaches of premodernism ( way of knowing: Bible/revelation) and modernism(way of knowing: reason and experience) to knowing and instead elected to adhere to an*2epistemological pluralismwhich embraced multiple ways of knowing.*1

Daniel festin*1The premodern and modern ways of knowing were not rejected in this approach, rather they were now understood as partial ways of knowing or one way of knowing among many.*2Epistemological Pluralism: This is an epistemological approach which utilizes multiple approaches to knowing and is distrustful of over-reliance on any one epistemological approach. From this position, it is believed that multiple approaches to knowing are needed to better approximatetruth.

3Difference between modernism and postmodernismmodernismIt fundamentally about order: about rationality and rationalization, creating order out of chaos.*1It urge you to study and gain more knowledge by using all the materialsThe mode of knowing produced by the objective rational self is "science," which can provide universal truths about the world, regardless of the individual status of the knower.The knowledge produced by science is "truth," and is eternal.The knowledge/truth produced by science (by the rational objective knowing self) will always lead toward progress and perfection. All human institutions and practices can be analyzed by science (reason/objectivity) and improved.Reason is the ultimate judge of what is true, and therefore of what is right, and what is good (what is legal and what is ethical). Freedom consists of obedience to the laws that conform to the knowledge discovered by reason.darren*1The assumption is that creating more rationality is conducive to creating more order, and that the more ordered a society is, the better it will function (the more rationally it will function).5postmodernismThere is no universal, objective means of judging any given concept as true; ALL judgments of truth exist within a cultural contextReason is no more universal than is any other cultures definition of truth.Science is Ideology.no eternal truths, no universal human experience, no universal human rights, overriding narrative of human progress (Faigley, 8).doesnt believe to memorize things because they all have the knowledge they want because of the internetDarren6Most important viewpoint of postmodernism against the ideas of enlightenment

dustin71. There is an objective naturalreality, a reality whoseexistenceand properties are logically independent of human beingsof their minds, their societies, their social practices, or their investigative techniques. dustin8Postmodernists dismiss this idea as a kind of naiverealism. Such reality as there is, according to postmodernists, is a conceptual construct, an artifact of scientific practice andlanguage.dustin92. The further the knowledge is from the foundation, the less confident we are that it is true.renz10Postmodernism rejected this foundational approach to knowledge, in particular the idea that some truth or knowledge is more essential or foundational than others. It was replaced with what has often been described as a web theory. This model could be illustrated as a spider web. Each point of connection is a bit of knowledge. Given the physical structure of a spider web, if any one point was removed or changed, it would impact all the rest of the web. The physical structure and properties would be changed in relation to the change of this one point. However, they would not be discounted or disregarded. This is a completely different understanding of the nature of knowledge which represents one of the most drastic paradigm shifts in the history of thought! We should not underestimate its importance.renz113. it should be a goal of scientific and historical research to construct such theories, even if they are never perfectly attainable in practice.joma12Postmodernists dislike it because it impose conformity on other perspectives or discourses, thereby oppressing, marginalizing, or silencing them. joma13The descriptive and explanatory statements of scientists and historians can, in principle, be objectively true or false. The postmodern denial of this viewpointwhich follows from the rejection of an objective natural realityis sometimes expressed by saying that there is no such thing as Truth.

Critiques on postmodernismeusebio16In a postmodern society, knowledge becomes functional--you learn things, not to know them, but to use that knowledge.Not only is knowledge in postmodern societies characterized by its utility, but knowledge is also distributed, stored, and arranged differently in postmodern societies than in modern ones. Specifically, the advent of electronic computer technologies has revolutionized the modes of knowledge production, distribution, and consumption in our society . This is the reason why many people are genius only on their paper but dumb when you question them because they never value knowledge. They only value grades. This is our current educational system.eusebio17Postmodern doesnt rely on facts that have been proved through science instead they only rely on opinion. This could lead to some serious accidents because we dont know if their opinion is real. eusebio18Postmodernism didnt address human needs because they only have concerns on the medium or those things that is useful to it rather than its effect. Our current economy is one good example for this critique. Politicians only want is money (the medium) and they never think what could be the effect to the society. daniel19Because In the Post Modern view there are no absolutes of any kind and there are no universal truths nor universal criteria for beauty and nor are there universal principles of the GOOD. Everything will fall apart. Things that have been call order in modernism will be mixed with Disorder thus there will be a threat of chaos.dustin20In Postmodernism, every person can create their own reality because their Is no longer an objective truth. This would be abuse by some people and make other people suffer. An example of this is on the next sliderenz21