Group dynamics

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Groups DynamicsGroups Dynamics


Unit 5Unit 5

• Group Dynamics: Concept of Groups & team. Types of Groups. Stages of Group Development.

• Group norms and roles.• Chap 12 in aswathappa


• Group• Two or more people who interact with each

other to accomplish certain goals or meet certain needs.


• Team• A group whose members work intensely with

each other to achieve a specific, common goal or objective.

• All teams are groups but not all groups are teams.• Teams often are difficult to form.• It takes time for members to learn how to work

together.


Difference between group and Difference between group and teamteam

• Size- group is larger than team• Goal-group has common goal and team has

specific• Skills-group has multi skills but team has

specific skills required for the task• Example:- Cricket playing all players in

India are a GROUP, But the final 11 members are the TEAM.


• Two characteristics distinguish teams from groups• Intensity with which team members work

together• Presence of a specific, overriding team goal or

objective


• Advantage of synergy in group( synchronized energy)• People working in a group are able to produce more

outputs than would have been produced if each person had worked separately

• Factors that contribute to synergy• Ability of group members to bounce ideas off one

another• To correct one another’s mistakes• To bring a diverse knowledge base to bear on a

problem• To accomplish work that is too vast for any one

individual to achieve


Concept of groupConcept of group

• A collection of two or more ,interacting individuals with a stable pattern of relationships between them , who share common goals and who perceive themselves as being a group.


Types of groups Types of groups • Groups specially set up Groups specially set up

by a business to carry out by a business to carry out taskstasks

• An actual part of the An actual part of the organization with organization with arranged meetings and arranged meetings and rules determining rules determining behavior and actionsbehavior and actions

Formal groupsFormal groups


Types of groups Types of groups

• Groups made up of Groups made up of individuals in business individuals in business with similar interests with similar interests

• Not an actual part of Not an actual part of the organization with the organization with no formal rules no formal rules determining behavior determining behavior and actionsand actions

Formal groupsFormal groups

Informal groupsInformal groups


Functions of groups Functions of groups • Accomplish jobs that can Accomplish jobs that can

not done by one not done by one individual, especially individual, especially complex taskscomplex tasks

• Aid decision makingAid decision making• Help control individual Help control individual

behaviorbehavior• Facilitate changes Facilitate changes

For the organization For the organization


Functions of groupsFunctions of groups

• Help learn about the Help learn about the company and the company and the individuals themselvesindividuals themselves

• Help in gaining new Help in gaining new skills skills

• Obtain rewards unable Obtain rewards unable to be achieved aloneto be achieved alone

• Satisfy personal needs Satisfy personal needs in social acceptance in social acceptance esteemesteem

For the organization For the organization

For the individual For the individual


Group development stages by Group development stages by Tuckman and Mary Ann Tuckman and Mary Ann Jensen,1965 and 1977Jensen,1965 and 1977FigureFigure

© PhotoDisc

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning


Group development stagesGroup development stages• Awareness: commitment, Awareness: commitment,

acceptanceacceptance• Groups members try to set Groups members try to set

rules for group behaviorsrules for group behaviors• Individuals start to find Individuals start to find

out about each other. out about each other. • Guidance is needed from Guidance is needed from

the leader. the leader. • Communication will be Communication will be

Non verbal then Verbal. Non verbal then Verbal.

FormingForming


Group development stagesGroup development stages

Characteristics of the Characteristics of the Forming StageForming Stage ：：

• Exploration. Exploration. • Focus on similarities and Focus on similarities and

differences. differences. • First impressions are key. First impressions are key. • Confusion/anxiety. Confusion/anxiety. • Lower productivity. Lower productivity. • Issues of inclusion, Issues of inclusion,

leadership, developing leadership, developing trust.trust.

• Open communication is a Open communication is a

must.must.

FormingForming



• Conflict-Conflict-clarification ,belongingclarification ,belonging

• A conflict stage where A conflict stage where members bargain with members bargain with each other. each other.

• Individuals reveal their Individuals reveal their personal goals and personal goals and may resist the control may resist the control of others.of others.

Forming Forming

Storming Storming



• Characteristics of the Characteristics of the Storming Stage: Storming Stage:

• Competition. Competition. • Strained relationships.Strained relationships.• Leader is challenged. Leader is challenged. • Tension and disunity.Tension and disunity.• Differences are Differences are

uncomfortable.uncomfortable.• Issues of autonomy vs. Issues of autonomy vs.

control, support vs. control, support vs. competition, influence, and competition, influence, and decision-making.decision-making.

Forming Forming

Storming Storming


• Cooperation-development, support

• Group members are developing ways of working together.

• They agree on the shared goals.

• Rules have been developed.

Forming

Storming

Norming

© PhotoDisc



• Characteristics of the Norming Stage: • Increased cohesion. • More collaboration. • Emerging trust. • Appreciation of

differences. • Issues of strengthening

relationships, open communication, positive/constructive feedback.

Forming

Storming

Norming

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• Productivity-achievement,pride

• The group has developed unity or cohesion.

• People are getting the job done to realize goals.

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

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• Characteristics of the Performing Stage:• You have to go through the

other stages to get here.• Harmony.• Productivity.• Problem-solving.• Shared and participative

leadership. • Full development of potential.

•

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

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• Separation-recognising,satisfaction

• The group ends. The group terminates because the task has been achieved or when the members have left due to failure or loss of interest.

• The feelings of members vary at this stage. While some may be happy about the group's accomplishments others may be depressed that they would be losing their friends after the group is disbanded.

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

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Adjourning


Characteristics of an effective Characteristics of an effective groupsgroups

• High commitment to achieving High commitment to achieving goals goals

• Clear understanding of the group’s Clear understanding of the group’s work work

• Open communication and trustOpen communication and trust• Ideas sharing and generatingIdeas sharing and generating• Constructive criticism and Constructive criticism and

suggestionssuggestions© PhotoDisc


Factors affecting group decisions Factors affecting group decisions

• The size of groups: The size of groups: ideally 5, over 21 ideally 5, over 21 ineffective ineffective

• Communication ways:Communication ways:centralization or centralization or decentralization decentralization

• Leadership Leadership styles: styles: autocratic, persuasive, autocratic, persuasive, consultative or democraticconsultative or democratic

• Skills used in groups: Skills used in groups: contribution skills contribution skills cooperation skills, production skills cooperation skills, production skills

© PhotoDisc

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Group dynamics

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