GROUND IMPROVEMENT
Trevi Construction Co., Ltd., Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong
APPLICATIONS OF JET GROUTING TECHNOLOGY IN HONG KONG
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 2
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Technology
Features: disaggregation of the soil and its mixing in place with, and partial replacement by, a cement grout mix; the disaggregation is achieved by high energy jet of one or more fluids, one of them being the grout mix itself.
Limits: • risk of surface movements • highly experienced personnel • strict safety rules • expensive equipment • large quantity of spoil to be
managed
Applicable soils: from peaty clays to gravel
Achievable results: increasing strength reducing horizontal & vertical permeability(for block treatment)
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 3
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Grouting methods verses soil type
Jet grouting can be used in the largest range of soil types
k = 10−4 k = 10−5 k = 10−6 k = 10−3 k = 10−2
k = 𝑚/𝑠
0.05 0.23 0.50
microfine Cement Grouting
k = 10−7
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 4
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Soil Erodibility
Soil erodibility plays a major role in determining geometry, quality and production.
Cohesionless soils are typically more erodible than cohesive soils.
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
“single fluid” One fluid (cement grout) for both breaking up the ground and cementing it
“double fluid” two fluids (cement grout
& compressed air) for both breaking up the
ground and cementing it
rods
compressed air
spring or ball-valve
drilling bit
cement grout
coaxial nozzle
rods
nozzle
spring or ball-valve
cement grout
drilling bit
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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting systems in use in Hong Kong by Trevi
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
“single fluid”
Typical column’s diameters:
400 - 1200 mm
“double fluid”
Typical column’s diameters:
800 - 2500 mm
cement grout
compressed air
compressed air
coaxial nozzle
cement grout
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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting systems
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Spoil
40 MPa
Density of spoil =
1.6 – 2.0 t/mc Pressure kinetic energy
Spoil return shall be maintained at all times, to avoid hydrofracturing of soil
220 m/sec
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Mix type vs permeability & grain size
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 9
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Permeation Grouting
Applicable soils: silty sands to gravel
Achievable results: • increasing strength • reducing horizontal & vertical
permeability Limits: • experienced personnel • quite expensive plants • quite expensive QC systems • high costs of materials when
dealing with fine fissures
Features: Replacing interstitial water or gas of a porous medium with a cement based or chemical grout at injection pressures low enough to prevent uplift.
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 10
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Fracture Grouting
Features: fracturing of a ground by the injection of a grout mix under pressure thick enough to induce excess of local tensile strength and confining pressure”.
Applicable soils: dense sandy formations, stiff cohesive formations, very soft rock (shale etc.)
Achievable results: • increased load bearing capacity
by compressing the soil between the grout lenses
• reduced vertical permeability
Limits: • risk of heaves at the surface • experienced personnel • extensive instrumentation • no influence on horizontal
permeability
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Permeability = 10-6 m/s - 10-8 m/s (lower values associated to cohesive formations).
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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Characteristics of the treated soils
Final Strength is a function of the original ground and the quantity of cement jetted into the ground itself.
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Location at Ch. 545
TBM maintenance chamber
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Cross-section chainage 545(TBM maintenance chamber)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
Pictures taken inside the chamber from TBM
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 19
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Jet Grouting Block Treatment at Break-out
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
SHAFT CROSS-SECTION BREAK-OUT
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 21
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 22
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 24
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft
Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Jetting rig SM20 in action at Kowloon (MTR 810A)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Excavated column in Marine Deposit at Kowloon(MTR 810A)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Jetting rig SM14 with horizontal silo(background) where overhead restriction applies(Pier 15)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Mixing plant with vertical silos in Central (Contract 18)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 29
Stans – Tunnel Excavation
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TREVI Division
VENEZUELA Trevi Cimentaciones
U.S.A. TREVIICOS Corporation
(Boston)
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Branch
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Global presence – Ground Engineering division
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SOILMEC Division
AUSTRALIA Soilmec Australia
COLOMBIA Soilmec Colombia
BRASIL Soilmec do Brasil
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PSM Srl (Treviso)
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UK Soilmec Ltd
GERMANY Soilmec Deutschland
RUSSIA Soilmec Moscow
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DUBAI – U.A.E. SM Emirates LLC SM Gulf FZCO
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INDIA Soilmec India
SINGAPORE Soilmec Far East Ltd
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