Growth of International Trade

1000-1500 CE

Objectives

Establish interconnectedness of global trade prior to European maritime exploration Show trade links from Greenland to Japan to

Madagascar

Link cultural diffusion to the rise of Western Europe by 1500

Show influence of trade routes on GO PERSIA

Viking Atlantic Trade 900-1450

Furs, fish, and ivory from Greenland

Iron, wood, glass, and grain from Norway

Spread Christianity to Greenland

Norwegian ties to Hanseatic League and prosperity of Northern Europe

Atlantic Trade Map

Asian Land/River Trade Routes

Silk Roads Silks, teas and porcelain from Guangzhou,China Woolen cloth, horses, and ivory from Central Asia Rubies, silver, and ebony from India Carpets, linen, brocade, and ceramics from the

Abbasids-Samarkand, Uzbekistan Wine, perfume, glass, silk, and slaves(Slavs) from the

Byzantines Furs,wood, amber, and grain from Kievan Russia

Significance of Asian land trade

Spread Buddhism,Christianity and Islam to ChinaCreated cultural diffusion of technology from East Asia to EuropePax Mongolica (c1227-1478) kept trade routes open and flowingCreated European desire for a water route to China to cut out Islamic middlemen

Indian Ocean Trade Routes

Slaves, ivory, gold, and iron from East Africa

Porcelain, tea and silk from China

Pottery from Burma

Cloth, spices (pepper), and jewels from Calicut, India

Zheng He

Significance of Indian Ocean trade routes

Caused cross-cultural contact throughout the coastal areas from East Asia to East Africa using the monsoon winds

Opened African interior to trade with coast

Caused rise of East African trading cities of Kilwa, Sofala, and Mogadishu

Spread Islam to coastal Bantu speakers

Trans-Saharan Trade

Gold, ivory, slaves, exotic feathers and spices from Sub- Saharan Africa-Timbuktu

Salt, cloth, and metalwork from Ceuta, North Africa

Significance of Trans-Saharan Trade

Aided in the rise of West African Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

Caused cross-cultural contact between the Mediterranean world and West Africa

Provided most of Europe’s pre-Columbian gold

Spread Islam through West Africa

Mediterranean Trade

Constantinople/Byzantine Empire-Silk major terminus on the Silk Roads until 1206Venice-Fine glass and naval fleet (mude) to transport goods Spices, silks, and other Asian goods Cairo & Alexandria, Egypt-The commercial centers between Europe, Southwest Asia and East Asia via Indian Ocean trade

Portuguese Atlantic Trade

Early exploration establishes colonies at Madereis and Canary Islands

Create sugar plantation systems using African slaves-precursor to New World acquisitions

Raids and contacts along West African coast strengthens resolve for water route to Asia

African slave network tied to Europe

1500-Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut

Islamic Areas by 1500