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World Maritime University

VESSELS TYPES, DESIGN ANDOPERATIONS

(1)

WINDOW EXPLORER: R:/Staff info for students/RP/ GSK 1
http://www.wmu.se/


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Introduction

Lectures provide introduction to:

Nautical terms and terminologyIndustry nomenclature

Name of different parts and sections of ships

Basic constructional features of different type of ships

Technical aspect of construction: dimensions, stress onships structure, stability etc.

Operational aspects navigation and cargo handling
http://www.wmu.se/


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Table of contents

Abbreviations

Shipbuilding and Nautical terms

Machinery and equipment

Different types of ships

Ships geometry and terminology
http://www.wmu.se/


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Introduction

Mankind always had..

Something to do on water

(fishing, fighting water borne enemy etc.)

Something to do on the other side

(hunting, farming, finding better place to live etc.)

To carry heavy things by floating them on water(building material, food, metals etc.)
http://www.wmu.se/


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History and archaeology of the ship

2700 B.C. First vessels up to 50 meters long

(sailed in the River Nile.)

Three major categories of early age crafts:

1) Raft Boat

2) Dugout

3) Hide boat 400 B.C.
http://www.wmu.se/


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Tree major categories of early age crafts
http://www.wmu.se/


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Efficiency of transportation

DWT V kts. HP DWT*V/HP

Tanker 200000 13 18000 144

Bulk carrier 60000 14 12000 70

General cargo 20000 20 22000 18

Cargo train ton.mile

Per unit of power

Or fuel consumption

5to 10

Road truck 2to3

Cargo plane 0.1to1
http://www.wmu.se/


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Classification of ships

1. Their mode of support on water

a) Hydrostatic support

displacement i.e. force of buoyancy

b) hydrodynamic support

buoyancy as well as other forces

c) Aerostatic support

on water surface by air
http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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SWATH

Catamaran
http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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Type 1: Surface Effect Type Type 2 : Amphibious
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Hovercraft
http://www.wmu.se/


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2) Their mission or purpose

a) ships which carry persons or things

b) ships which keep sea lanes open

c) specialized ships

http://www.wmu.se/


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TYPES OF SHIPS

SHIPS THAT CARRYPERSONS OR THINGS

SHIPS THAT KEEPSEA LANES OPEN

SPECIALISED SHIPS

TUGSDREDGERSICEBREAKERS

SUPPLY VESSELS

SURVEY SHIPS

FACTORY SHIPS WHALE SHIPS

WEATHER SHIPS

TRAWLERS

RESCUE SHIPSCABLE LAYINGSCIENTIFIC SURVEY

OFF SHORE UNITS

JACK UP RIGS DRILLING SHIPS SEMI SUB. DRILL. UNITS

DIVING SUPPORTPIPE LAYING SHIPSF. P. S . Os ANCHOR HANDLING
http://www.wmu.se/


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SHIPS WHICH CARRY

PERSONS OR THINGS

PASSENGER SHIPS BULK CARGO SHIPS

CONVENTIONAL

BREAK BULK

SPECIAL TRADE SHIPS

UNIT LOAD

HIGH SEED FERRIES

RO-RO FERRIES

CRUISE SHIPS

UNITISED

HEAVY LIFTERS

REFRIGERATED

CONTAINER SHIPS

CATAMARAN

BARGE CARRYING SHIPS

PALLETISED

BARGE -TUG SYSTEM

GENERAL CARGO SHIPS

LASH FLASH SEABEES BACAT

HYDROFOIL

HOVERCRAFT

CELLULARFEEDERCOMBI
http://www.wmu.se/


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BULK CARGO SHIPS

LIQUID BULK CARGOES COMBINATION CARRIERS DRY BULK CARGOES

COLLIERS

ORE/BULK/OIL

CRUDE OIL ORE / OIL CARRIERS

V L C C

U L C C

PRODUCT CARRIERS

CHEMICALS

L P G

LUMBERCARRIERS

CHIPCARRIERS

CATTLECARRIERS

CAR CARRIERSBULK

CARRIERS

GEAR LESS GEAREDOTHERS

CEMENT

CARRIERS

SELFDISCHARGING

BULK CARRIER
http://www.wmu.se/


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Ship building /construction terms
http://www.wmu.se/


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AMIDSHIPS

A.P.

F.P.
http://www.wmu.se/


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AFTAFTER

AFTER BODY

FORDFORWARD

FORWARD BODY

FORD-AFT OR

LONGITUDINAL

PORT-STBD OR

TRANSVERSE OR

ATHWART-SHIP

CENTRE LINE

http://www.wmu.se/


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General Cargo ships

Development of

Hull configurations
http://www.wmu.se/


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21. STEERING GEAR ROOM

22. SUPER STRUCTURE

23. BRIDGE

24. ENGINE ROOM CASING

25. POOP DECKS

26. FUNNEL

27. PROPELLER

28. RUDDER POST OR STOCK

29. MAST

30. KEEL

SHEER

1. STEM

2. FORECASTLE

3. CHAIN LOCKER

4. FORE PEAK TANK

5. FORE PEAK STORES

6. COLLISION BULKHEAD

7. TWEEN DECK # 1

8. DOUBLE BOTTOM TANK

9. DEEP TANK

10. HATCH AND COVER

11. MAST HOUSE

12. DERRICK

13. WINCH

14. LOWER HOLD # 3

15. TRANSVERSE BULKHEAD

16. # 2 TWEEN DECK HATCH AND COVER

17. SHAFT TUNNEL

18. AFT PEAK BULKHEAD

19. STERN TUBE

20. RUDDER
http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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17 Cargo tanks

8 Fuel oil tanks

9 Cofferdam

10 Slop tanks

11 C D / Pumproom

http://www.wmu.se/


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Flare

Bulbous Bow
http://www.wmu.se/


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Constructional terms

1. Chainlocker

2. Forepeak tank

3. Boatswain's store

4. Bulbous bow

5. Fashion plate

6. Breast hook

7. Second deck

8. Upper deck

9. Forecastle deck

10.Center division

11.Wash plate

12.Collision bulkhead

13.Side stringer

14.Panting stringer plate

15.Panting beam

16.Pillar

17.Frame

18.Tank side bracket

19.Beam bracket

20.Beam

21.Deck girder

22.Center girder
http://www.wmu.se/


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1. HATCH COAMING

2. MAIN DECK

3. BULWARK

4. GUNWALE

5. TRANSVERSE FRAME

6. TWEEN DECK

7. TRANSVERSE FRAME

8. SIDE SHELL PLATING

9. BILGE

10. BILGE KEEL

11. MARGIN PLATE

12. SIDE GIRDER

13. KEEL DUCT

14. INNER BOTTOM OR

TANK TOP15. KEEL PLATE

16. CAMBER

17. DECK BEAMS

18. FENDER

19. TOE BRACKET

20. LONGITUDINALS

21 DEAD RISE
http://www.wmu.se/


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MacGregorchain pulled folding hatch cover
http://www.wmu.se/


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Plating

Keel

Bottom

Framing

Transverse frames

Longitudinal frames

Bulkheads

Decks

http://www.wmu.se/


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1. Center girder

2. Side girder3. Bottom longitudinal

4. top longitudinal of

double bottom

5. Solid floor

6. Keel

7. A strake

8. Bottom plating

9. Bilge strake

10. Side plating

11. Topside strake

12. Sheer strake

13. Inner bottom plating

14. Tank side bracket

15. Gusset plate

16. Hold frame

17. Tween deck frame18. 2nd deck beam

19. Beam bracket

20. Second deck

21. Upper deck

22. Stringer plate

23. Tripping bracket

24. Deck transverse beam

25. Deck Longitudinal

26. Deck girder

27. Hatch coaming

28. Strong beam

29. Web frame

30. Hold pillar

31. Teen deck pillar

32. Bulwark plate

33. Hand rail

34. Bulwark stay

35. Horizontal

stiffener

36. Bilge keel

37. Docking bracket

38. Bracket to margin plate

39. Watertight floor

40. Bracket to water lig!it floor

41. Vertical stiffener
http://www.wmu.se/


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1. Center girder

2. Side girder

3. Solid floor

4. Bottom long.

5. Tank top plating

6. Tank top bracket

7. Horizontal margin plate

8. Frame

9. Web frame

10. Auxiliary engine bed

11. Main engine bed

12. Engine bed bracket

13. Beam bracket

14. Engine room platform

15. Deck beam

16. Tween deck frame

17. Upper deck

18. Cabin will

19. Wall side stiffener

20. Horizontal stiffener

21. Engine room pillar

22. Engine casing

23. Engine room recess

24. Engine opening

25. Saloon deck

26. Curtain plate

27. Bulwark plate

28. Sheer strake

29. Side plating

30. Bilge strake

31. Bottom plating

32. Keel

33. Engine girder

34. Docking bracket

35. Bilge keel

36. Vertical

stiffener

37. Strut

38. Bracket to margin

plate

39. Half depth girder

40. Boat deck
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1. After-peak tank

2. Rudder stock trunk

3. Stern frame

4. Rudder

5. Deep floor

6. Tank top plate

7. Upper deck

8. After-peak bulk head

9. Cant frame

Scantlings
http://www.wmu.se/


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Decks

Decks above Main deck

Poop deck 1, 2, etc Decks below Main deck

Tween deck or platform 1, 2, etc.

Frames

Number start from aft increasing forward

http://www.wmu.se/


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Identification and location

Compartments; components, equipment:Centerline is 0

Port side - even numbers

Starboard side odd numbers

Location of components, equipment etc.

Port, Starboard, Inboard, OutboardForward of, Aft of
http://www.wmu.se/


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Gangway

Jack Ladder

Pilot Ladder

Companion way
http://www.wmu.se/http://www.wmu.se/


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Mooring

Fashion plate

Windlass

Bollard

CleatGuide roller

Capstan

Forecastle


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Anchor

Doubling plate

Hawse pipe
http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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http://www.wmu.se/


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Engine power transmission to propeller


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ll


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Propellers

Fixed pitch propeller:

Controllable pitch propeller:
http://www.ship-technology.com/contractors/propulsion/schottel/http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/manukai_maunawili/index.htmlhttp://www.wmu.se/http://www.wmu.se/


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Propellers

Pod propulsors


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Propellers

Schottelspropulsor


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Voith-Schneider -

vertical axis propeller

Propellers


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Voith-Schneider - vertical axis propeller

Red Falccon

Ro Ro Passenger

Ferry : 93 m L

4000 GT

2 engines

drivingpropellers insynchronousmode


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Water jet propulsion


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Cl ifi ti f hi


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3) How ships are propelled

Steam turbines (s.s.)

Diesel engines (m.v. or m.s. or m.t.)

Electrical Propulsion


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Steam turbines

Main engines - propulsion power

T o Set of Mo i Blade


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Two Sets of Moving Blades


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Mai e i e o ul io o e


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Slow speed diesel engine


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MAN 32/44 Co o ail


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MAN 32/44cr Common rail


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M i i l i


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Turbine and medium speed enginesrequire reduction gears to bring down shaftr.p.m. (shaft revolutions) suitable for propeller



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Gas turbine


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Steering system

Rudder device to make ship turn

S i


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Rudders

Steering system


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4 Ram type hydraulic steering gear

St i t


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Vane type hydraulic steering gear

Steering system


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Steering systems

Thrusters

Outfitting On Deck


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Outfitting On Deck

O fi i O k


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Outfitting On Deck

Derricks

Outfitting On Deck


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Outfitting On Deck

b) Cranes

Principal dimensions


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Sheer, Half Breadth and Body Plan


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Sheer Half Breadth and Body Plan


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Bonjean curves


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curves drawn on the ship's profile against the draught at each

transverse section. The area of the underwater transverse sections

at required draught can be obtained at each section and integration

of same gives the volume of the underwater part of the hull.

Bonjean curves

Form Coefficients


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o Coe icie s

Waterplane area coefficient

Midship section area coefficient

Form Coefficients


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Form Coefficients

Prismatic coefficient

Block coefficient

Plimsoll Mark Load Line marks


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Volume Tonnage


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g

Volume Tonnage


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Tons Per Centimetre immersion (TPC)


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TPC is the mass in tonnes added to or removed from a

ship which will change its mean draught by one

centimetre

Tons Per Centimetre immersion (TPC)



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Fresh Water Allowance (FWA)

When a vessel is floating in FW or in water of density lesser than

density of SW additional cargo can be loaded exceeding its summer

draught to such an extent that it does not cross assigned summerdraught when it comes to SW. The extra draught available is called

the FWA.

FWA is entered in the Load Line certificate. It is constant between

the range of TF and WNA load lines.

Room Allocations for Quiz / Test


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at 1200 hrs.

I D Nos. 11001 to 11038 - Room 106

I D Nos. 11039 to 11074 - Room 105

I D Nos. 11075 to 11102 - Room 103

GROUPS FOR QUIZ / TEST ON : 08.10. 2010


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Gr 1 11001 11002 11027 11050 11077 11100

Gr 2 11007 11005 11029 11053 11079

Gr 3 11020 11008 11032 11057 11081

Gr 4 11031 11010 11034 11060 11084

Gr 5 11037 11012 11038 11063 11086

Gr 6 11055 11014 11040 11066 11088

Gr 7 11059 11017 11042 11068 11090

Gr 8 11065 11019 11044 11071 11092

Gr 9 11082 11022 11046 11073 11094

Gr 10 11099 11024 11048 11075 11097

Room Allocations for Group Discussions


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Group No. 1 Room No. 101 Group No. 2 Room No. 101

Group No. 3 Room No. 105


Group No. 5 Room No. 105 Group No. 6 Room No. 105




http://www.wmu.se/

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